Walter Gropius and The Architects Collaborative (TAC) designed the Graduate Center at Harvard University, in 1949. The Graduate Center consists of eight structures of residence buildings and a dining hall. This “complex” is designed in a way that keeps the area secluded but in the same way does have the continuity of modern architecture. The Harkness Commons is a section within the Graduate Center. The design of the Harkness Commons is a mix of traditional and modern techniques that are reminiscent of styles of the Bauhaus in Dessau.
In the Bauhaus Dessau, Walter Gropius utilized the concepts of space and a factory-like design. This is seen in the design of the Graduate Center at Harvard University. The structures resemble factories through
Marcel Breuer, born in the early 1900’s in Hungary, was one of the first and youngest students to learn under the Bauhaus style, taught by Walter Gropius. Breuer started his career designing furniture, using tubular, or “handle bar like”, steel (Dodd, Mead, and Company 32). One of the most popular of these furniture designs was his Club Chair B3designed in 1922. In the 1930’s, Breuer moved to the United States to teach and practice architecture. In the 1950’s, he received the Medal of Honor from the New York Chapter of the American Institute of Architects (AIA). Between 1960 and 1980, Breuer was honored with several honorary doctoral degrees from several universities around the world. After retiring in 1976 due to poor health, Breuer was awarded several other awards, and his work was displayed in exhibitions around the world. Breuer died on July 2nd, 1981, at the age of 79 (Marcel Breuer Associates 6).
Dell Upton is a historian and renowned professor of architecture and Urbanism at the University of California. He has published several books on architecture; one of them is “Architecture in the United States”, published in 1998. In this book, Upton analyzes the architecture of the United States in different aspects, such as nature, money and art, thus depicting the great variety in architectural forms, and how throughout the decades, different interests have lead communities to different ways of building, different purposes and materials, thus reflecting their way of thinking and their relationship with the environment. By exploring so many different architectural styles, Upton reveals the great diversity and richness that has always, and continues to characterize American architecture.
The concept behind the new buildings for the factory was to explore options of design that focused not only on the program of the factory, but to also consider the emotional and physical needs of the labor force. While J.A. Brinkman is considered one of the designers for the Van Nelle Factory, architect L. C. van der Vlugt and Chairman Kees van der Leeuw were a stronger inf...
...erfect atmosphere to convey speed, efficiency, and technology of the time. This open floor plan not only functions as an efficient visual element but also incorporates the idea of communal work. Customers, store leaders, associates, tech gurus etc. are all free to wander and work together without office walls or boundaries to separate them. The change in the use of light began during the Bauhaus era when lampshades which used to block light and create harsh separations were replaced with broad flood lights evenly spaced to create equal lighting throughout. The use of pure white walls and metal trim also make direct reference to the Bauhaus ideals. Likewise there is an egalitarian principle evoked in the designs. Built to human scale and made clearly for use by people rather than large monumental or overly scaled buildings that often promote power and authority.
The staff at the school included such art figures as Wassily Kandinsky, Joseph Albers, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, Paul Klee, and Johannes Itten. Architectual figures at the school included Ludwig Mies van der Rode and Gropius himself. The only designer at the school was Marcel Breur. The staff members participated in one movement, the Arts and Crafts movement (Borteh).
The Chinese-American architect Ieoh Ming Pei (I.M) is known as one of the greatest architects of the Twentieth Century. His long, brilliant career was highlighted by several internationally famous structures. While many of Pei’s buildings were generally accepted by the public, some of them precipitated fair amounts of controversy. The most notable of these controversial structures is his Glass Pyramid at the entrance of the Louvre in Paris. For these reasons, I.M. Pei seems to be an architect who exhibits interest in the avant-garde through both the creative design and aestheticism of his architecture.
Bauhaus is a German term meaning the house of construction and commonly understood by many as the school of building and operates from the year 1919 to the end of 1933 . The institution was founded by Walter Gropius and was located in Weimar. This paper shall critically analyze whether Bauhaus succeeded in merging art with mass production and technology what challenges they went through and if at all their ideals were limited to design for an elite.
The English arts and crafts movement, modernism and constructivism were main influences of the Bauhaus. Walter Gropius idea was to merge these influences, to make the reigning principles of form and function. The idea that design is a service of the public, and a belief in the perfection and efficiency of geometry. [1] Gropius aim was then to bring artist and craftspeople together, in order to take on technological developments. It was evident that technology was the future and with the use of machines brought opportunities to mass-produce beautiful products for everyday use. The Bauhaus embraced the ‘machine aesthetic’ as artists began to create prototypes for industrial production, the designs were based on simple geometric shapes and primary colours. These designs were to be mass-produced using modern technology and were to be available to all people. [2]
The Bauhaus was one of the most influential modernist art schools of the 20th century, not to say the most influential one. Their main concern was to teach, and to understand art 's relationship to society and technology. The school was founded by the German Architect: Walter Gropius. Consequently, The Bauhaus of Design had a huge impact in Europe which is the central continent of art and the United States even after it has been closed, and has forever shape the development of Art history from now on. According to the art story website, the Bauhaus of Design was shaped by the 19th and early 20th centuries trends such as Arts and Crafts movement, which had sought to level the distinction between fine and applied arts, and to reunite creativity and manufacturing. Which later on has had affected some major artwork such as architecture and graphic design and as a result, had also inspire the romantic medievalism of the school 's early years, in which it pictured itself as a kind of medieval crafts guild. But in the mid-1920s the medievalism gave way to a stress on uniting art and industrial design, and it was this which ultimately proved to be its most original and important achievement (Art Story). The school is also known for its faculty, which included some of the most talented artists such as : Wassily
NA, . "A Critical Analysis of Robert Frost's "Design"." Academic Help. Academic Help, 08 October 2010. Web. 16 Feb 2012. .
Bayer, Herbert, Walter Gropius, and Ise Gropius. Bauhaus, 1919-1928. Boston: Charles T. Branford, 1952. Print.
Gropius wanted the overall goal of the Bauhaus was to design and create products with an “artistic merit” but because of Weimar’s lack of raw materials because this was in the war a lot of places didn’t have the resources or materials available to them. So these products would have to be made elsewhere. This bought in the philosophy of every student in the school should be trained to work like this.
In 1919, something radical changed the way both design and craft was to be thought forevermore. The Bauhaus was a school of design, which was founded by a Werkbund member known as Walter Gropius. Gropius was thirty-six when he conceived the idea for the Bauhaus, after watching fellow Werkbund member, Henry Van de Velde, establish an arts and crafts school in Weimar, Germany. In 1919 Gropius became head of the arts and crafts school that Henry Van de Velde founded. Gropius proceeded to reorganize the school and then renamed it to be known as the Bauhaus.
There are 25 major specialties in engineering that are recognized by professional societies. In any one of those 25 specialties, the goal of the engineer is the same. The goal is to be able to come up with a cost effective design that aids people in the tasks they face each day. Whether it be the coffee machine in the morning or the roads and highways we travel, or even the cars we travel in, it was all an idea that started with an engineer. Someone engineered each idea to make it the best solution to a problem. Even though engineer’s goals are similar, there are many different things that engineers do within their selected field of engineering. This paper will focus on the architectural field of engineering.
Located at one of the busiest crossroads of the campus of Harvard University, Tanner Fountain, a project of Peter Walker with the SWA Group in 1984, is a simple, ecological design based on a circle. Tanner Fountain is surrounded by the George