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Apply Concepts And Principles Of Business Ethics
Business ethics chapter 1
Business ethics
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Volkswagen’s diesel fraud case is one scandal that has shook the company leading to billions of dollars in losses. However, one issue that arises from the incidence is business ethics and the role of the management in ensuring that business practices are ethical and meet other set standards. For the case of VW, the issue appears to be deeper than initially believed with all board members seemingly compromised. This essay examines VW’s fraud case and the associated blame game.
How would you assign responsibility for the VW scandal? What should have been done differently and by whom?
The entire management team of VW including the then CEO Martin Winterkorn should take responsibility for the VW scandal. This is because the fraud happened under
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It is fair to expect employees, especially professionals like engineers and accountants to confront management over other directives that could be unethical because they have professional codes of ethics that they need to adhere to. These code of ethics should guide how employees and professional work regardless of the pressure from the management. The ethical duties should also be protected by the law such that management and employers are prohibited from forcing employee to act in ways that could be unethical.
Other than laws, there should be other structures like regulatory bodies that ensure that employees are protected from unethical directives and threats from the management. This would give employees, including professionals the support and legal grounds to confront management over unethical directives. For instance, in the case of VW, the German engineers would have had more power to confront the management and also refuse to produce vehicles that do not meet the required standards and
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Firstly, the board needs to be more independent in terms of having board members who only serve the interests of the company and not those of other parties. The company should increase the number of independent members to about 10 or two thirds of the whole board to increase the watchdog function of the board. Independence of the board would also enhance good governance and corporate credibility of the company. This way, there would be more oversight to prevent future scandals.
Another change that is necessary to prevent future scandals is to increase the powers and influence of the supervisory board and minimize that of the managerial board. Currently, VW’s management board retains a lot of power and is not liable to the supervisory board. As a result, the management board does not even disclose vital operational information that could potentially negatively affect the future of the company. Making the managerial board less powerful and more answerable to the supervisory board would help prevent future scandal.
Lastly, the supervisory board should consist of members who have knowledge and expertise in areas related to management, operations and relevant areas to enhance their capacity to ask technical questions. This would enhance their supervisory role and help prevent future
Throughout your life, you’ll face tough decisions where you'll have to decide possibly against your ethical beliefs. Ethics don’t necessarily always have to involve law abiding. It’s rather about trusting your moral path and doing the right thing. Dori Meinert is the author of “Creating an Ethical Workplace” she explains the thought behind the never black or white decision making when it comes to businesses. Can businesses truly trust those individuals hired to steer their companies? It was mentioned that last year 41 percent of U.S. workers said they observed unethical or illegal misconduct on the job, according to the Ethics Resource Center's 2013 National Business Ethics Survey. Meinert’s article was not only eye-opening but very truthful since we’ve all been faced or witnessed unethical decision making. Once employees see individuals breaking the rules and regulations others will then think it's okay, which could result in employees leaving or major hoops for companies to jump through. When we tolerate misconduct we lower productivity and diminish the reputation of a company. Meinert mentioned that if
One Volkswagen’s senior engineers, James Robert Liang, pleaded guilty to conspiring to defraud regulatory agencies and costumers by cheating in emissions tests. According to documentation provided by the court system, when Liang and other engineers realized that their diesel engine design would not adhere the U.S. emission standards, they created software to manipulate the results on the tests. The company admitted to installing software that was used to deceive the emissions tests on more than 11 million of its vehicles. Liang could face up to 5 years in federal imprisonment and additionally he might have to pay a $250,000 dollar fine. Volkswagen’s behavior will be analyzed through rule utilitarianism and Kantian ethics.
It is obvious that executives and managers at both British Petroleum and Transocean have changed the civil right statement “by any means necessary” to reflect their desire to make profits. The unethical behavior that has been engrained within both business cultures calls in the question the ethics of all powerful oil based companies. Leaders must be attentive and adhere to all safety and maintenance concerns. The damage and loss that was incurred could have been avoided if executives would have made more logical and ethically based decisions. Leaders should be able to recognize their psychological tendencies and correct them when making ethical decisions for their businesses. Through striving to make ethical decisions, organizations can set the tone for company morale and success.
The Hollate Manufacturing case provided by Anti-Fraud Collaboration has well illustrated how several common issues in an organization contributed to the fraud’s occurrence. These issues can be categorized into two major groups: ethical culture (internal aspect) and internal control system (external aspect). By taking effective actions to enhance these two aspects, an organization can protect itself against the largest frauds, which result in financial and reputational damage.
Strong internal rivalry between the after-merged Boeing and McDonnell Douglas Corp is also contributing to company’s ethical scandals. As competition between each party gets stiffer, employees might tend to resort to ethical breaches to gain competitive advantages so as to outshine each other.
The code of ethics cannot guarantee ethical behavior and it cannot solve every ethical issue (AHIMA, 2016). But it does set values, ethical principles and ethical guidelines, according to AHIMA. This reminds me of an ethics class I took last year and how I had to study it and learn to know it. It becomes your practice to be ethical and you expect your employees to abide by these guidelines as well. I would not change these guideline because it is a standard that all companies’ and organizations’ should live by.
An organization that lacks a true culture of ethical compliance can create problems with integrity issues with stakeholders and customers. When a major company such as Enron, was structured their approach to ethics on the surface appeared to oppose progressive innovation. The policies and ethics programs were set up to protect the company and its shareholders. According to author Berenbeim, The Enron company had a detailed code of ethics it was not enough the organization needed to incorporate ethics and integrity throughout their corporate culture. Enron had to focus on business ethics issues raised by the conduct of the company’s directors, officers, accounts and lawyers (Berenbeim, 2002).
In the book Nothing but the Truth by AVI there is someone to blame and someone who is responsible for that. That is shown down below.
These activities are not exclusive, and most of them overlap. “For example, a car manufacturer has both an ethical and legal responsibility to produce safe automobiles” (Toliver, 2013, p. 7). In September 2015, Volkswagen was all over the news about their emissions scandal. The software was created to sense when the vehicle was being tested, during testing the software would adjust the results to show a lower emission output. When the vehicle was not being tested and running during regular driving, the software turned off, allowing the vehicle to have emission output levels far above legal levels. Volkswagen has been fined and will have to pay almost $15 billion in settlements in the United States. They must also pay to repair or buy back all affected models by December 2018. This scandal has cost the company a recorded loss in 2015 of $6.2 billion. The company is facing civil and criminal investigations in the United States and Germany as well as other countries (Gates, Ewing, Russell, & Watkins, 2016). Purchasing a Volkswagen now would not give the consumer that “feel good feeling” they want to feel after purchase. Customers see that Volkswagen has been lying to the client and have been negligent in environmental
The Volkswagen emissions scandal is a series of choices made by the company and the people employed by Volkswagen to install a "cheat" button to alter the amount of emissions produced only under testing situations. Ordinarily, all vehicles on the road that run off of gasoline have a set about of CO2 and other harmful emissions produced by the burning of gasoline. Violation of these rules can result in fines and recalls. Due to an increased attention on car companies to fight global warming and air pollution a number of emissions have lowered in the over the year for tighter regulation on the amount of CO2 produced. Consequently, this reduction in the amount of CO2 produced is the source of the scandal. This change may come across as minor,
To provide an example of a breach of ethical conduct in the workplace, we may remember the case of a financial manager in a corporation that decided not to pay overtime to some employees. After a deep outside investigation, the company was summoned with thousands of dollars to remedy the payment that was supposed to be paid to all employees who worked more than forty hours per week. Again, it is needed more than just a booklet stating that the company adheres to the code of business ethics. It is needed serious managers that can run the company with the most seriousness as possible. Consequently, any written codes of business ethics, regardless of how well it has been crafted, need people that adhere to its internal content with a serious desire to do the right thing.
Due to such lack of monitoring, management continued to be unaware of such transactions that continued to impact the company negatively. This provided the Rigas family many opportunities to override controls since the lack of corporate governance enabled the decisions to be made by Rigas family without oversight. For example, the article “Adelphia Officials are Arrested, Charged with ‘Massive’ Fraud” discuses how Timothy Rigas had to limit himself to $1 million a month of compensation that was withdrawn from the company for personal use. All decisions were continuously made by such members of the family, in which case for Adelphia, was the team of management. With the lack of controls creating opportunity, they were free to do what they wished- which is something they took incredible advantage
Last Sunday, the company’s then CEO, Martin Winterkorn, issued a brief statement declaring that the Board of Management at Volkswagen AG “takes these findings very seriously.” The findings revealed that the automaker used “defeat devices” to fool emissions testing, effectively concealing the reality that certain cars spew emissions some 10 to 40 times the legal limit.
Overall, the company is having ineffective controls regarding different departments and in the whole organization. An effective internal audit department should be established within the organization which should test the effectiveness of these controls on regular basis and make it sure that all controls are working effectively and efficiently with the different departments of the organization. Also the Internal auditor should implement the most effective processes and measures to prevent and detect the fraud, corruption and non compliance with the laws and regulations in the organization. Establishment of internal audit committee would be helpful in this regard which comprises of executive and non executive directors.
Ethics is the responsibility of each individual person, but starts with the CEO and the Board of Directors, setting the right tone at the top and moves down through the organization, including setting the tone in the middle. A company’s culture and ethic standards start at the top, not from the bottom. Employees will almost always behave in the manner that they think management expects them, and it is foolish for management to pretend otherwise (Scudder). One of the CEO’s most important jobs is to create, foster, and communicate the culture of the organization. Wrongdoings or improper behavior rarely occurs in a void, leaders typically know when someone is compromising the company