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Injustice in the french revolution
Violence in victorian england
Social class in a tale of two cities
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Justice in terms of revenge and supposed equal penalty is not always able to be validated. In the time period of A Tale of Two Cities, the late eighteenth century to early nineteenth century, people were so blindly fixated to the idea of social hierarchy, be it good or bad, that it eventually led to the French Revolution. The steps to the explosion of violence and revenge by the hands of the common folk consisted mainly of the smaller numbers of the high class living so much better lives than the majority of people who fit into the lower class. The higher class lived in luxury while the lower class were starving and being mistreated as less than people. Though the revolutionaries had the right to express their mistreatment, they went about …show more content…
Dickens very effectively shows violent imagery and gruesome intentions as the first condemning point of the methods of the revolutionaries. The first real taste of the revolution is experienced while storming the Bastille, a famous prison of France. The Defarges are assisting in leading the people, and the first major blood is spilled at the hands of Madame Defarge. While the people rush through the Bastille, Madame Defarge “stood immovable close to the grim old officer, and remained immovable close to him” while he was trying to remove himself out of the situation, and “began to be struck at from behind,” Madame Defarge continued to be “immovable close to him when the long-gathering rain of stabs and blows fell heavy”. (Dickens Book 2 Ch.21) Here we can see Madame Defarge waiting for her chance to strike, and as she became “suddenly animated, she put her foot upon his neck, and with her cruel knife—long ready—hewed off his head.” (Book 2 Ch.21) Dickens goes on to display the bloodlust and cruelty of the revolutionaries when Madame Defarge and all passersby mindlessly “trod on the body to steady it for mutilation.” (Book 2 Ch.21) It is obvious that this scene is intended to show how desensitised the lower class has become, and how low they are willing to stoop in terms of brutality to achieve revenge. Near the end of the story, Madame Defarge’s “justice” ultimately brought about her downfall. She pursued
In the first book of the novel, the goal of Madame Defarge includes exterminating the noble race. She is constantly knitting in the wine shop she owns. The knitting shows a passive way to express her hatred towards others. “Her knitting was before her, but she had laid it down to pick her teeth with a toothpick” (Dickens 55). The quote shows how even in her first showing in the book, she is knitting. Her knitting and constant plotting brings frequent fear to her husband, Ernest Defarge, and all other wine shop patrons. Considering even her own husband is afraid for his life, Defarge keeps death in secrecy and shows extremely negative qualities. Defarge knits a register for the intended killing of the revolution in secrecy to show her hatred towards certain people. She has negative characteristics in regard to the loss of her family and her plot to kill all of her enemies. Madame Defarge lasts as the leader attributed to all women fighting in the revolution and
In the book A Tale Of Two Cities the ways that they would kill people were that they would behead them and they would hang them or they would let them rot in prison. Most of the people that were killed were innocents or they were people that were in the way of them trying to take down the city. In the book the main character, Charles Darnay was arrested and was falsely accused of treason and being an illegal alien. Madame Defarge was taking out her anger on the whole family in which she thought had killed her sister. So Madame Defarge was going after all of the Marquis no matter if they had anything to do with t...
Villains have been a quintessential part of the novel for generations, ranging from deranged madmen to methodical criminals. Dickens does a particularly good job in formatting his villains, and due to the levels of complexity and detail put into them, he is able to express more through them than what appears at face value. In particular, Madame Defarge in A Tale of Two Cities is one of his most well thought out villains in terms of character design and development, conflict creation and supporting characters, and thematic representation. Dickens created Madame Defarge’s character as one of great importance to the novel and thus needed to elaborate on her character immensely.
During a time of conflicting warfare, a person’s social position and temperament play a significant role in the ideals of society. A Tale of Two Cities manifests society’s response to the French Revolution. Times like this result in two options, either to keep moving on with life, or give in to the vengeance. Charles Dickens portrays both sides of humanity through his characterization. Madame Defarge is the most prominent character that represents the inability to resist violence during the Revolution. In Madame Defarge’s quest for revenge, her continuous knitting and dominance prompt her character development, establishing her character as the antagonist.
On the subject of the French she says, “I am a subject of His Most Gracious Majesty King George the Third and as such, my maxim is, Confound their politics, Frustrate their knavish tricks…God save the King.” (338) Since she is such, she is the perfect foil for Madame Defarge. Madame Defarge epitomizes chaos and violence. With her unrelenting bloodthirstiness and unceasing desire for revenge she symbolizes the intensity and bloodiness of the French Revolution. “The Evrémonde people are to be exterminated, and the wife and child must follow the husband and father.” (418) Madame’s chilling certainty and willingness to kill an innocent mother and child show the hatred that makes up the revolution she personifies and the peasants that were a part of it. Although Madame Defarge and Miss Pross are foils they share a common ground. They both have an uncompromising sense of duty; Miss Pross to Lucie’s safety and happiness, and Madame to a new and better France. They are both willing to do anything for these causes, including lying down their lives. As Miss Pross says, “I don’t care an English Twopence for myself. I know that the longer I keep you here, the greater hope there is for my Ladybird.” (427) Dickens uses these similarities he suggests that even seemingly opposites can have underlying
Monsieur Defarge is a revolutionary disguised as a mere bartender. He communicates secretly with his fellow revolutionaries in the bar and helps to orchestrate the plot to overthrow the French aristocracy. Despite the power he holds, he is overshadowed by his ruthless wife, Mrs. Defarge. Mrs. Defarge is a very powerful woman with a lot of influence, and she is ultimately the driving force behind the revolution’s plot. She decides who to kill and knits their name into a coded list. Monsieur Defarge is cooperative and submissive to her, as seen when he agrees with every part of the story she tells without being prompted. Monsieur Defarge is a masculine character with a lot of influence, but his relationship with his wife is not reflective of what was typical during the time period of the French revolution. This is used by Dickens to show that society’s attitudes towards masculinity and femininity are
The opposition would state that Madame Defarge was just a basic evil figure because she always was thinking of getting revenge. However, they failed to recognise that not only did Madame Defarge constantly knit, a key trait of the Fates, but she also handed out justice to those who deserved it. Although Madame Defarge is a scary old woman, pointing her knitting needles at little Lucie, she is not just evil. Dickens words about the “finger of Fate” clearly illustrate that there is more to many people than meets the eye (still not little Lucie’s). In this case, it was to understand clearly that even though Madame Defarge seemed evil, she was meant to represent the Fates, and to hand out justice to a world that needed it so
Human beings are an impressionable race who learn from each other what they should and should not do. While this is sometimes a useful trait, in other instances it can lead to death and cruelty. This is showcased copiously in A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens. The book starts off with the French nobility horribly mistreating the destitute peasants, beating them and starving them without feeling any guilt whatsoever. To the rebels, it does not matter whether the people they execute are innocent or guilty of crimes against them, and instead see the entire upperclass as responsible for what a portion of them actually did. In this way, the cycle comes to a complete
...to revenge. She turned into this cold killer to kill the entire Evermonde family for what they had done to her family. She uses her power in the revolution to take revenge on the Evermonde family. Madame Defarge loses her true self and becomes someone who disregards the lives of people include hers. Dickens’s theme of how history repeats itself appears again when Madame Defarge kills innocent people similar to what the Marquis of Evermonde did.
She thought the only way she could get revenge would be if every party involved in her family’s suffering was punished and this is demonstrated when Madame Defarge says that ‘[she] care[s] nothing for this Doctor. He may wear his head or lose it, for any interest [she has] in him; it is all one to [her]. But, the Evrémonde people are to be exterminated, and the wife and child must follow the husband and father’(Dickens 356). If Defarge does not succeed in harming every last member of the Evrémonde family, she will feel like she has failed avenging her family’s legacy. The riches and happiness of this family are not deserved in the eyes of Defarge as peasant blood was spilled as a costly
Another struggle between love and hate can be found within Monsieur Defarge. In this particular case, it is evil that eventually triumphs. Monsieur Defarge can be considered a true revolutionary, as his actions prove throughout the novel: "… and still Defarge of the wine - shop at his gun, grown doubly hot by the service of four fierce hours" (p. 215). Monsieur Defarge tirelessly works alongside his fellow revolutionaries to defeat the aristocracy that has treated his countrymen so harshly.
Throughout the book, Dickens portrays his objectivity between the classes through a series of graphic descriptions. For example, the horrid events that occur when the Marquis murders the child is a time when Dickens most definitely favors the rebels. Dickens’s attitude when Jacques kills the Marquis is that justice has been supplied. There is a definite tone of approval in his voice after these actions. On the other hand, Dickens’s attitude towards the mutineers is not always one of endorsement. When the activists nearly kill Gabelle and burn the Chateau, Dickens’s attitude changes from one of approval to one of disbelief. His disposition is almost one of sorrow for all the beauty being carelessly destroyed. As the reader can see, Dickens’s opinion varies greatly in accordance to the portion of the story the person is reading.
The very first signs of sacrifice are noted in the opening scenes of the book. Dickens writes of a “fated revolution” by metaphorically comparing the woodsman and the forester to the creation of the guillotine. Dickens notes that in the midst of a revolution, heavy bloodshed must be made in order to achieve the vengeance that the peasants desire. Though the peasants were originally people of good faith, they were forced by the aristocratic government to take drastic actions. Poverty, the mother of all crimes, along with the aristocrats “crushing of humanity out of shape once more” gave the peasants no choice.” Dickens conveys here that because of the negligence of the government, the people were forced to sacrifice their good nature and engage in the violent acts that caused a time of great animosity and dejection.
Throughout the novel, Dickens employs imagery to make the readers pity the peasants, have compassion for the innocent nobles being punished, and even better understand the antagonist and her motives. His use of personified hunger and description of the poor’s straits made the reader pity them for the situation caused by the overlord nobles. However, Dickens then uses the same literary device to alight sympathy for the nobles, albeit the innocent ones! Then, he uses imagery to make the reader better understand and perhaps even feel empathy for Madame Defarge, the book’s murderous villainess. Through skillful but swaying use of imagery, Dickens truly affects the readers’ sympathies.
The French Revolution was a period of time when the entirety of France went against the monarchy. King Louis XVI was taken down by the people at this time. The change brought along a replacement for the monarchial society (French Revolution 2). The now formed republic run by the people is now forever an example of what can happen to those whom live in places run by kings and queens, and that those who wish to escape tyranny can always make a change. The tyranny that was present brought along the eventual execution of the two royalties (2). This is evident in Dickens’s novel, in which the story centers around the revolution. Madame Defarge exists as on...