“Chronic diseases and illnesses are the leading causes of death and disability in the United States” (CDC.gov, 2014). These types of illnesses are the most common health problems that people in this country face today and they are also the most preventable (CDC.gov, 2014). Every year the cost to help care for and manage people with these types of illnesses increases and there is less being done about educating people about prevention. Venous Thromboembolism is one such chronic disease that is very deadly but also very preventable if the right precautions are taken. This paper will aim to educate about the disease, courses and costs of treatment, clinical microsystems that are involved and what barriers if any exist to achieving generative relationships among the various clinical microsystems involved. Venous thromboembolism, otherwise known as VTE is a chronic condition, which is comprised of pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). …show more content…
The upside is that they are preventable. DVT “occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein. These clots usually develop in the lower leg, thigh, or pelvis, but they can also occur in the arm” (CDC.gov, 2012). Anyone at any age can develop DVT. There are certain risk factors that increase a person’s chance of having this chronic condition. Chances are increased further by a person have multiple risk factors at the same time (CDC.gov, 2012). These risk factors can include: injury to a vein, slow blood flow, increased estrogen intake usually birth control pills, certain chronic illnesses such as heart or lung disease, family history of DVT or PE and/or previous DVT or PE (CDC.gov, 2012). Age is another big risk factor. Even though anyone at any age can develop DVT, patients over the age of 60 have an increase risk of developing the condition (Mayo Clinic,
To stop the blood flow after damage, body uses three ways to maintain hemostasis; vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and coagulation. Coagulation is an important process to prevent loss of blood when blood vessels are cut or damaged. Blood clot is a plug of platelet reinforce with the mesh of fibrin. However, a person with Disseminated intravascular coagulation, DIC, the blood clots have formed throughout the blood vessels when does not necessary. It leads to organ damages due to blocked blood vessels; furthermore, it leads to life-threatening bleeding due to wasting clotting factors and platelets when they are needed.
After a thorough examination, J.P. was diagnosed with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). “DVT develops most often in the legs but can occur also in the upper arms…” (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2013). Due t...
The topic I have chosen for the Health Promotion Plan focuses on cerebrovascular diseases, mainly stroke. Since stroke is number forth cause of death in the United State, it appears as a clear choice for educating the population about this disease, risk factors, manifestation, and treatment. Stroke and heart diseases are both preventable and share many common risk factors, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, smoking and alcohol use, unhealthy diet, or stress. Working on neurology floor, one can tell that the general public knowledge about stroke is not sufficient, and the awareness about this problem needs to be addressed constantly in order to reduce the number of possible disabilities as well as the amount of money spent on treatment of the stroke patient. According to the Center for Disease
The metabolic pathway being mediated by the CYP2C19, CYP3A, CYP2B6 and CYP1A2 enzymes. The maximum concentration with a single dose of 300mg loading dose is twice as high as it is after four days of 75mg maintenance dose which occurs approximately 30 to 60 minutes after dosing.
One must understand that patients who are prescribed warfarin are at a high risk of bleeding. According to Sanderson et al. (2009) “many patients were unable to link known risk factors as contributing” to DVT to their therapist (p. 25). Although patients are admitted for major lower extremity surgeries, some of these patients also have chronic diseases, such as cerebral vascular accident (CVA), coronary artery disease, diabetes, cardiac, renal disease, and obesity and might take a complex medication regimen. Therefore, these patients require a major understanding of detailed discharge education of medication regimen, side effects, and interactions to prevent them from suffering complications. Furthermore, Campbell and Selton (2010) claimed that patients mostly misunderstand the interactions of some foods that are rich in vitamin K with warfarin (p. 373). Most are unaware of the consciousness and complications foods that are high in vitamin K brings to their current health status. Clinents also lack the knowledge of the need to adjust their warfarin dosing and monitoring of the International Normalization Ratio (INR) level. Although nurses do give a quick verbal instruction such as, informing patients to immediately report to provider if they observe bruises on skin, excessive gum bleeding or blood in urine, patients fail to fully understand the danger of taking anticoagulants medications.
Diagnosing deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism may be difficult as the sign and be difficult as the sign and symptoms associated with these disorders are not unique to these conditions. As a result, objective testing is needed to confirm the diagnosis. Venography and pulmonary angiography remain the gold standards for diagnosis of DVT and PE, respectively, but these tests are now increasingly supplanted by less invasive and less tests are often incorporated into diagnostic algorithms that are designed to limit the need for more invasive procedures. There are different types of test to use to diagnose venous thrombosis. Test using ultrasound, x-rays or computed tomography, and laboratory testing.
Sclerotherapy: This is by far the most commonly utilized treatment for varicose and spider veins. This works by injecting a solution into the vein that causes the walls of the vein to swell, making it stick together and remain shut. In a few weeks time, the vein will fade away. Some veins require more than one
Teaching Plan: Deep Vein Thrombosis Rationale The patient that this teaching plan is based on is a 55 year old female that came in having Deep Vein Thrombosis, and stomach pain. The patient has a history of diabetes and hypertension. She currently takes meds to treat these two diseases. She just recently found out that she has squamous cell carcinoma, and that it has become malignant.
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is the blood clot formation in the human body, especially in legs. It usually occurs in a deep vein, which is a larger vein that runs through calf and thigh muscle in the legs. DVT is formed when the valves of veins present in calf muscles are deprived of oxygen leading to deepening of veins to form a clot (Yadava, 2013). Pulmonary embolism; which is a blockage of an artery in the lungs; and DVT together constituted as single disease procedure which is known as venous thromboembolism (Van Beek, 2009).
A cerebrovascular accident is known as a stroke. A Stroke is a major illness that affects many people within minutes. It happen when the blood supply to part of your brain is interrupted or severely reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This is an emergency that can’t wait too long to get treatment. The brain needs a consistent supply of blood, which carries the oxygen and nutrient it needs to function. Every artery in the brain works hard to supplies blood to the brain. A stroke occurs when one of these arteries are either blocked or burst. As a result, part of the brain does not get the blood it needs, so it starts to die. However, the more quickly you get treatment, the better the prognosis. At the point when a stroke goes untreated for a really long time, there can be permanent brain damage.
bed rest increases the risk of a DVT progressing to a PE and that ambulation is
There is an ever growing introduction of new anticoagulants i.e. blood thinning medications into the health care market. Due to the associated risk of DVT prophylaxis with concurrent anti-coagulation therapy, it is imperative that detailed medication reconciliation is completed pre and post hospital admission/discharge or special procedures to prevent complications of increased bleeding. Factors influencing these risks include; multiple dosing providers, poor patient compliance, and adverse concurrent anticoagulant use. Improved nursing research has been initiated to improve awareness and the incidence of adverse affects on patient populations.
Tendency for veins to become varicose can be standing still for long periods, pregnancy and
While varicose veins may seem like a cosmetic problem, they can also develop into serious health issues if they are not treated. Varicose veins do not always show above the surface of the skin, but they are developing in the leg and need to be treated. The sooner you get treatment for any vein problem, the easier the problem is to treat. Early treatment may give you the option of having minimally invasive treatment.
Stroke is the second-leading cause of death globally (Johnson, Onuma, Owolabi, & Sachdev, 2016). There were estimated 6.5 million stroke deaths each year and approximately 58% were females (Girijala, Sohrabji, & Bush, 2017; Writing Group et al., 2016). Many stroke survivor patients have disabilities that could affect emotional problems, family burdens, and high costs of treatment (Abubakar & Isezuo, 2012; Bottacchi et al., 2012; Norrving & Kissela, 2013; Robinson & Jorge, 2016; Writing Group et al., 2016). Several studies showed females experiencing acute stroke were negatively impacted(Dehlendorff, Andersen, & Olsen, 2015; Gall et al., 2010; Girijala et al., 2017). Females not only suffered more severity, but also poorer functional recovery, troubled with higher post-stroke depression and had worse quality of life than males (Girijala et al., 2017; Lisabeth et al., 2015). Interestingly, one important cause that may involve these negative outcomes among women was the lower rate of appropriated treatment accesses; the thrombolytic treatment, the endovascular procedure, or the surgery(Boehme et al., 2014; Girijala et al., 2017; Jauch et al., 2013; Nagaraja et al., 2012).