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Polygraph test psychology
Polygraph reliability research paper
Essay on the polygraph test
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The lack of evidence that a polygraph can detect lies is the reason the polygraph cannot be used in today’s courtrooms, so then why is it allowed to dictate who will get hired in law enforcement? If you are seeking a job in law enforcement chances are you will be subjected to a polygraph test. The polygraph test is used in part of the interview process to find out about previous drug use and other crimes you may have committed but didn’t get caught for, these crimes are called undetected crimes. We all know that a polygraph isn’t admissible in court rooms across the United States mainly because there isn’t any evidence to prove that a polygraph can detect a lie.
A polygraph measures blood pressure, heart rates, and breathing. (Lewis and Cuppari
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One FBI study showed that “out of the 2,641-deceptive criminal polygraph reports
reviewed, 1,316 provided no additional useful information. However, 1,325 reports resulted in
acquiring confessions, admissions, or information of investigative value.” (Warner, 2005) In this
article the FBI admits that using the polygraph is just a scare tactic to learn new information.
With so many reasons to doubt the polygraph do you think it should be used to interrogate a job applicant? Surely not as we have discovered that the validity of polygraphs is not infallible but more so a scare tactic to get people to admit to something. Job applicants should not be treated like criminals. Law enforcement should stick to what they know and can prove when it comes to investigating job applicants for a job. If they want to continue to use the polygraph as a scare tactic for unbeknownst individuals to admit to something, then under no circumstance if you fail a polygraph should employment be denied.
Works Cited
Lewis, Jerry, A “The polygraph: the truth lies within” The Journal of Psychiatry & Law 37 (2009) Pages 85-92. Print.
Cuppari, Michelle “The polygraph: the truth lies within” The Journal of Psychiatry & Law 37 (2009) Pages 85-92.
Leo, R. A. (2009, September). Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law.
In Laurence Armand French Ph.D. and Thomas J. Young Ph.D.’s article The False Memory Syndrome: Clinical/Legal Issues for the Prosecution talks about memory recall being an unreliable form of evidence in the Criminal Justice System. French and Young state that hypnosis and lie detector tests are a misconception because “the cognitive interpretations of the emotional/autonomic aspects of the central nervous (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems are not true indicators of reality,” (p. 38).
I am a liar. 339: 530-533. Lish, J.D., Dime-Meenan, S., Whybrow, P.C., Price, R.A., and Hirschfeld, R.M. (1994) The 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the The National Depressive and Manic Depressive Association (DMDA) Survey of Bipolar Members. Affective Disorders.
The human mind is too unreliable to trust in life or death situations. One possible solution could be to make all lineup identifications double blind, this would remove possible police bias or influencing body language. At the time of the lineup, video the event. This could give the judge and jury an insight into the eyewitness’s original surety during the trial. Another helpful step could be educating the judge and jury of the documented wrongful convictions based on eyewitness accounts. These few steps would greatly reduce the number of wrongful convictions based solely on eyewitness accounts. We must remember that we are innocent until proven guilty.
The polygraph is a very controversial topic when comes to the introduction of the techniques into court. The polygraph technique has not changed since first developed in 1895. What the polygraph does is measures the blood pressure fluctuation, pulse rate and respiratory rate changes. The rate of the blood pressure, pulse and respiratory rate not only changes due to the body being stressed because the person is lying, but it also changes due to anxiety, anger and medical conditions. This will affect the accuracy on the technique and give inconsistent readings within the results (Gailus, C., 2008, November
A writer for “The Daily Beast,” Andrew Becker reports that this additional step came “at the tail end of a massive hiring surge that began in 2006 and eventually added 17,000 employees, helping to make the agency the largest law enforcement operation in the country.” This arouses great unease and concern about “the thousands of employees Customs and Border Protection has hired over the past six years before it began mandatory polygraph tests for all applicants” (Becker). The records—official summaries of more than 200 polygraph admissions—contain many very disturbing testimonies of applicants admitting to drug smuggling and even murder (Becker). One confession, according to the Customs and Border Protection summary, consisted of an applicant admitting to having “‘no independent recollection of the events that resulted in a blood-doused kitchen and was uncertain if he committed any crime during his three-hour black out’”(Becker). The fact that thousands have been hired without the screening cannot be ignored. It is this negligence that is the cause of agents such as Justin Tackett—an officer who “had a dubious work history long before joining Border Patrol”—being able to find employment within the Border Patrol agency (Peter.) Tackett’s employment history is such as follows: “[he] joined
Sutliff, Usha. “‘Liars’ Brains Wired Differently.” USC News. USC University of Southern California. 19 Sept. 2005. Web. 11 December 2013.
McGrath, Michael G. "Criminal Profiling: Is There a Role for the Forensic Psychiatrist?." Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 28. (2000): 315-324. Web. 13 Apr 2011.
Greenfield, D. (2007). Introduction to forensic psychology. issues and controversies in crime and justice. Journal of Psychiatry & Law, 35(2), 201-201-204,105-106.
Job skills and training can even be investigated by the employer. The employee is to perform services and these services must be done in a certain manner. Someone who is incoherent because of drug abuse cannot be a pilot for example. This is why employers can test to see if characteristics or tendencies would affect performance. An employee may not want to give a urine or blood sample. The employee may not want to include all of their references but this is besides the fact that an employer is entitled to them. More and more employers are starting to feel this way. "A 1996 survey by the American Management Association found 81 percent of major U.S. companies had drug-testing programs at that time compared with 78 percent in 1995 and just 22 percent in 1987." (May 2) The employer has a right to only certain information and the line must also be drawn in the procedure to obtain the information.
Employment and interpretations of the polygraph poses as the greatest threat to the testing subject. It is generally agreed upon psychophysiologist's that there is no specific lie response. Basically, no specific action has been identified and allocated as an irrepressible deceptive cue. This seems to be very contradicting to the whole purpose of the polygraph test. The fact that the polygraph is wide open to interpretation crates invalidity from the start.
Perina, Kaja. "Brain scans may be foolproof lie detectors. (Truth Serum)." Psychology Today Jan.-Feb. 2002: \. Student Resources in Context. Web. 26 Nov. 2013.
This reflection of vital signs will go into discussion about the strengths and weaknesses of each vital sign and the importance of each of them. Vital signs should be assessed many different times such as on admission to a health care facility, before and after something substantial has happened to the patient such as surgery and so forth (ref inter). I learned to assess blood pressure (BP), pulse (P), temperature (T) and respiration (R) and I will reflect and discuss which aspects were more difficult and ways to improve on them. While pulse, respiration and temperature were fairly easy to become skilled at, it was blood pressure which was a bit more difficult to understand.
A popular way on many crime dramas to determine if a suspect is lying or telling the truth is by hooking them up to a polygraph machine. In a matter of a minute the police are able to determine if the suspect is lying and guilty or, on the rare occasion, telling the truth and innocent. But, one has to wonder, is it really that simple? Polygraphs measure four main factors that are thought to change when a lie is told and more importantly, it is assumed that these changes indicate deception. The four main factors are blood pressure, heart beat, perspiration, and breathing and these are recorded by using simple devices. It is important to note from the beginning that those who question the reliability of polygraphs do not doubt the reliability of the measurements, but the ability of the measurements to indicate and/or prove deception. Even though doubt exists as to the reliability, polygraphs are used not only in law enforcement settings, but also in intelligence agencies, in the maintaining security of industry, and for public safety and service around the world. Despite its prevalence, there are many groups that call into question the effectiveness, reliability, and fairness of polygraph testing. This paper will explore this question by first looking into the history of polygraphs including court rulings and how polygraph tests are done, then current use, and finally looking at sources of bias and error in the test and the process.
Personality tests tell a person a lot about why a person is who they have become. I believe that these test if taken truthfully can identify deficiencies that individuals can work on to benefit not only themselves but others in the organizations that they work in. Some models state that it is in human nature and chemicals that decided how a person acts but I believe it is based on life experiences and a personality can change as long as a person knows the deficiencies and works to change them.