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The strengths and limitations of attachment theory
The strength of the attachment theory
The strengths and weaknesses of the attachment theory
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Recommended: The strengths and limitations of attachment theory
Introduction: As the mini lecture pointed out, relationships are the key to human existence. From the beginning of time, man needed companionship, reciprocating affection, trust, and much more. Aside from being a part of basic human needs, one particular population thrives on effective relationships with peers. Athletes are possibly the most communal people because much of their success is determined by good communication and trust as much as skills and talent. The following sections will serve as a deeper understanding into two particular types of athletic relationships: coach-athlete relationships and peer relationships.
Summary: Understanding the Coach-Athlete Relationship The one person with the most influence on an athlete is the
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Athletes generally consider their time in athletics as the optimum time to develop peer relationships that are either successes or failures. For the case of this chapter peer is defined as, “people of similar athletic ability, starting status, or experiences regardless of age. For example, an extremely young individual may be drafted to play a professional sport; therefore, his/her peers are much older but still of equal status. Peer relationships may be positive, supportive, and promote growth. Peer relationships may also be negative if the experiences are disheartening or growth inhibiting. Peer relationships are the least researched in psychology after coach-athlete or parent-athlete relationships because the latter study dominating parties rather than equals. Jowett sums the importance of peer relationships, “Peer relationships not only matter, but sport matters to peer relationships” (pg42). The two constructs of peer relationships are popularity (being accepted by one’s peers) and friendship (close, mutual relationship). Theoretical perspectives discussed in this chapter are interpersonal theory of psychiatry and attachment theory. Since Harry Stack Sullivan presented renowned lectures on peer acceptance and friendship in 1953, much of research accepts these concepts. He believed that peer relationships evolve as a child develops, and close friendships help one learn to evaluate and accommodate …show more content…
I find this strange because, in my opinion this area is more relatable than the complexity of a coach-athlete relationship or parent-athlete relationship. I particularly like the phrase, which appears many times in this chapter, “peer relationships not only matter, but sport matters to peer relationships” (pg. 4). As Harry Stack Sullivan unveiled in the fifties, much of peer relationships are based on developmental stages for a young child. Friendships are the metaphorical stepping-stones to more complex relationships. A bond between teammates on and off the court/field is often inseparable which vies for more camaraderie and better team outcomes. With regard to the other half of the statement, athletes of all ages develop more life skills than the average adolescent who does not engage in team activities. Teamwork, honesty, perseverance, commitment, and cooperation are just a few among many positive contributions of sport to peer relationships. Sports allow for an exciting venue in which youth actively rely on one another to contribute to the task at hand and achieve a common goal. Other youth organizations do not yield the same lessons. Boy scouts, for example, teach many skills and life lessons, but it does not focus on the type of fast passed teamwork like a
High school sports are approached with clashing opinions. Some of these opinions are positive, and supportive of athletics. “Athleticism, among many activities, offers teens a physical outlet to exert their troubles, anger, emotions, and other feelings” (Chen 1). This can be observed in nearly all of the football players in Friday Night Lights. This can also be noticed in the world today. “Athletics help high school students understand their own abilities and talents” (Chen 1). This piece of evidence is very accurate when describing high school athletes. Sports can make a high school student humble. As can be seen by the preceding information, high school athletics can have a positive impact on a student’s life.
However, this is not really a direct correlation to the coach’s effectiveness in a particular sport, being that there are many other factors in coaching a team other than game records. The coach’s job is to enhance the athlete physically, socially, and psychologically, winning is only considered a by-product of that job (Gillham, Burton, & Gillham, 2013). Gillham, Burton, and Gillham (2013) focused on developing a Coaching Success Questionnaire-2 to allow a means of evaluating other aspects of a coach’s interaction with their athletes as both a research and coach development tool. A sample group of athletes at the varsity and club level ranging from ages 18 to 25 was used to develop the questionnaire by asking their perceptions of their coaches.
Participation in sports has proven to increase self-discipline and self-esteem, and can teach athletes to learn from their mistakes and move on (Issitt). Athletes playing team sports also develop the ability to work well with others and use teamwork in their everyday lives. Teammates form relationships that are strengthened over a common passion and goal. These relationships can last long after high school is over (Chen). These social skills translate into better communication used with an athlete’s family, peers, and in the community. Likewise, “A 2006 study in Maryland found that student athletes are 15 percent more likely than non athletes to be involved in their communities and to take the time for civic engagements, including participating in voting and volunteer activities” (Issitt). The same study also concluded that athletes are far more likely to be comfortable with public speaking than non-athletes. This study provides concrete evidence that high school sports can help to gain mental and social skills that will be used later in life
The journal article, “What does sport mean to you? Fun and other preferences for adolescents’ sport participation” claims that fun, social aspects, masculinity, and identity are the main reasons youth participate in sports (Skille and Østera˚ s, 360). Oftentimes, athletes forget they are on the same team, and they start to form cliques or groups based around who has the best bench press or 40 meter dash time. As a result, teammates start to compete with each other instead of working towards the same goal. For instance, one coaching journal article claims that “moral reasoning” in youth is determined through “collective norms” or group behaviors that the coach has a hand in influencing (Shields, LaVoi, Bredemeier, Power, 748-749). A proper coaching environment should therefore revolve around a fun, supportive, and collective environment where success is encouraged through the full support of the team. This support can further be developed through proper positive mindfulness and code of conduct guidelines set forth by the coach; for instance, hazing should be discouraged and proper communication and helpfulness among teammates should be
The one bond that is the most essential in sports is the one which is shared between both an athlete and his or her coach. Through many works of literature regarding sports and athletics, this player and coach bond is highlighted with both positive and negative examples. For instance, in the novel The Celebrant by Eric Greenberg, New York Giants manager John McGraw tries maintaining a close relationship with players such as Christy Mathewson and Fred “Bonehead” Merkle. In accordance with this, an extended essay by John McPhee titled Levels of the Game provides an insight of the differences of the tight-knit relationships between both Arthur Ashe Jr. and his many mentors, as well as Clark Graebner and his father Paul. However, in the novel End
College is a time for young people to develop and grow not only in their education, but social aspects as well. One of the biggest social scenes found around college campuses are athletic events, but where would these college sports be without their dedicated athletes? Student athletes get a lot of praise for their achievements on the field, but tend to disregard the work they accomplish in the classroom. Living in a college environment as a student athlete has a great deal of advantages as well as disadvantages that affect education and anti-intellectualism. Around the country, college athletic programs are pushing their athletes more and more every day.
One of the many benefits of playing sports is the children will build character. Building character is important because with character they will obtain new friends and develop different skills. Playing sports at a young age can build character in many ways, “Playing sports at a young age enables children to participate in social interactions and build skills such as teamwork, leadership, and responsibility as they learn to work with others to achieve a common goal,” (Aspen Institute). This is a benefit because they will build character from learning how to deal with wins and losses from playing sports. Also, they will develop different skills. Developing different skills will build character because, “numerous positive developmental indicators have been associated with sport participation, including improved self-esteem, emotional regulation, problem-solving, goal attainment, social skills, and academic performance,” (Holt). This shows how when children play sports that some of them acquire different skills than others. Lastly, some of the benefits that the children will receive from playing the sports are obtaining new friends and developing different
Without doing this your team will be un organised and possibly have some upset parents and as a coach this is a must do. It is important to know if the coaching will take place by phone, face to face. If it is face to face discuss where and a time and how much notice to give you if they do cancel or reschedule (Miller).” Therefore, That is why communicating with both the children and the parents is another important must do for a basketball coach. Additionally, understanding children and how they can be in general psychologically. Social relationship benefits is a great benefit from basketball and here is why. Basketball requires communication between players because it is the only way a team can truly play the game right and win without any communication at all the team would be in for a doomed season or even a lot of injuries due to lack of teamwork. In order to have teamwork work you need to be able to communicate with other players which is another thing a coach must teach their players to do. Some kids also gain new friends from their team which is where social benefits comes into place. A thing most parents want kids to get from anything is gaining new friends and learning better communication skills especially at their young age of just getting used to outside of their homes. ”Social relationships and roles change drastically as
People who have become involved in sports and recreation develop a larger group of friends, receive more social support, and are more likely to engage in conversation with o...
Being part of a team creates a bond between teammates that can last a lifetime. Also, enduring the criticism of the coaches distills proper direction and discipline that you would likely not learn off the field. In “The Real New York Giants”, the author, Rick Reilly, writes about how a football team of firefighters loses many teammates and friends due to the attacks on September 11th, 2001 on the twin towers, and how the bonds and closeness of that group helped them to keep playing football and honor their fallen friends whom they became so close with through the sport (**insert beginning pg #). While in this certain circumstance, the importance of sports did not affect
“Kids who had lower (athletic) confidence said they were more lonely at school” (Dunn 1). When teens have a higher self esteem, they tend to feel more confident in who they are and what they are doing. Teens who are confident in themselves tend to make friends easier, because they appear to their peers that they are confident in what they are doing and people who are confident appeal more to people then those who are not. “Children and adolescents often make friends with others on their sports teams, or in their activity programs, and these friendships help keep them involved in the activity, and make the activity more fun” (Brehm 258). Furthermore, friends that are made on a sports team result in a strong friendship because teens can have fun with their new friends during practice or games. Some will argue that sports can cause athletes to become more likely to do drugs than students who do not do sports. While this might be the case, sports do in fact keep teens out of trouble because sports provide more opportunities to make new friends. “At some schools, it is cool to be an athlete. And students who are lucky enough to become athletes receive reinforcement from their peers” (Brehm 258). Popularity and making friends in middle school and throughout high school is something most teens struggle with. However, if teens play on
Manley, A. (2009). Expectancies and Their Consequences within the Coach-Athlete Relationship: An Athlete-Centred Investigatio. [online] Available at: http://eprints.chi.ac.uk/816/1/507136.pdf.
Also containing leadership characteristics helps athletes with their social skills. Worsnop, Richard L. points out “there is a general agreement that the nation’s high schools have performed well as the farm system for college sports programs”. In other words team sports presents valuable life lessons and experiences within a group setting. There are endless situations that could take place between the teammates or with the opponents during the game. The fans or known as the community displays a huge part in the sports world and how they distribute their insight on it. Statistics have shown that “ High school teams command legions of devoted fans locally and nationally” (Worsnop). As shown the community is devoted to all types of sports and they see athletes representation and how they react in certain situations. For example the sports that involve physical contact like football and basketball could get out of
Participating in a team sport can increase one’s self esteem. By being part of a team, you will give and receive praise. Receiving recognition from a team mate or a coach will boost your self esteem because you have been acknowledged for your efforts. As you are praised for your efforts, you will become more confident, thus improving your self esteem. Often times, the bond formed between team mates on the field translates into a friendship off the field. As team mates come to depend on each other and know that they are depended on, their level of commitment or responsibility to the game and skills needed for the game increases.