There were two serious incidents this year on annual pilgrimage; crane collapsed at Mecca's Grand Mosque and tragedy of Mina that make thousands of pilgrims mortality and morbidity. Every Muslim is required to visit Mecca during the Hajj at least once in his or her lifetime, if able to do so. During the month of the Hajj season, Mecca should cope with as many as about more than two million peoples1.
Trauma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality at the Hajj2. Stampede is perhaps the most dreaded trauma risk2. Once started, little can be done to stop panic spreading through crowds, contributing to casualties, and all too often, fatalities3. In 2006 at the Hajj, stampedes followed pilgrims tripping over fallen luggage, and resulted in 380 deaths and 289 injured2. Deaths result from asphyxiation or head injury, neither of which can be attended to quickly in large crowds2.
At the Hajj
…show more content…
People that tripping to Mecca for Hajj ceremony may face with multiple challenges in the form of communicable and non-communicable hazards4. However, the Islamic conference organization related to Islamic countries must contemplate new and safer ways to accommodate up to two million people within a small city for the holiest Islamic event of the year to prevent such unethical major trauma. History of tragedies at hajj pilgrimage is an important lesson for Muslims, but about medical managements of injured Muslims in such incidents, it is necessary for a major trauma center with sufficient number of different qualified specialists near the Mecca that can manage patients with trauma, heat strokes and infectious diseases that are common during Hajj ceremony. Also, health education must more activities before Hajj ceremony to raise awareness of pilgrims about Hajj health related
Historical trauma is described to be an experience or event that have caused a generation or individual harm.
Trauma can be defined as something that repeats itself. In The Things They Carried, by Tim O’Brien, trauma recurs in soldiers for different reasons. However, although their reasons for trauma are different, the things they carried can symbolize all the emotions and pasts of these soldiers. One man may suffer trauma from looking through letters and photographs of an old lover, while another man could feel trauma just from memories of the past. The word “carried” is used repeatedly throughout The Things They Carried. Derived from the Latin word “quadrare,” meaning “suitable,” O’Brien uses the word “carried” not to simply state what the men were carrying, but to give us insight into each soldiers’ emotions and character, his past, and his present.
Children’s. (n.d.). Somali Culture and Medical Traditions 1. Somaliland Cyberspace homepage. Retrieved August 1, 2011, from http://www.mbali.info/doc326.htm
in hell. Talk not to me: I will go sit and weep till I can find
If you are ready to leave father and mother, and brother and sister, and wife and child and friend, and never see them again… then you are ready for a walk. -Henry David Thoreau (Haberman 12)
During World War II, there was a Holocaust that the world will never forget. The word “Holocaust,” means the destruction or slaughter on a mass scale, especially caused by fire or nuclear war. Because of what the Germans did to discriminate the Jews, Jewish people developed trauma which impacted generations. The Germans caused to future generations of Jews, obesity, schizophrenia, certain fears, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and a handful of other things can be passed down to the children. Trauma can be passed to the next generation because it has been proved in scientific research on the Holocaust, testing on mice, and the effects of this post war DNA change today.
Certainly, some of these causes cannot be eliminated by nurses or even hospital administrators. For instance, one should mention the characteristics of patients who may be profoundly affected by physical pain. Similarly, their relatives inevitably struggle with intense emotional suffering. Nevertheless, in many cases, it is possible to reduce the risk of violence. Much attention should be paid to the efficiency of policies adopted in the hospital. There are several interventions that healthcare organizations should consider. In particular, it is necessary to reduce the waiting time in hospitals. This improvement is critical to alleviating the stress that patients and their relatives may experience. One should concentrate on emergency departments because physical violence is more widespread in these areas. Hospital administrators need to take several steps to achieve this goal. In particular, they should simplify registration procedures. For instance, patients can be registered directly at their bedsides. This step can remove bureaucratic barriers that often make patients very irritable. Furthermore, it is vital to ensure that the hospital is adequately staffed because the shortage of personnel can lead to the conflicts between patients and medical
This shows that Mecca is in the middle of many trade cities, as a result of this trade moves through the city. Trade allows people to interact and move around, when they move around they bring their religious beliefs with them. Mecca was also the home to the most famous pagan shrine, the Ka’ba(Document A).This proves that many people come to Mecca, they came seeking the Ka’ba for their own religions that were important to them. , while they were in the city they began to trade. The people came seeking the Ka’ba but they may hear some Islamic people talking about their own religion.
The United States military continues to engage in one of the longest periods of combat operations in our nation’s history. One of the results is an increase in the amount of persons suffering Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2000), a precursor to PTSD is the experience of an event or events that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury to self or others. Grossman (2009) argues that an additional factor, the emotional and spiritual response to killing another human being, also takes a tremendous toll on the mental health of returning soldiers. Forty-eight to sixty–five percent of soldiers returning from Operation Enduring Freedom have reported killing an enemy combatant, while 14–28% have reported killing a noncombatant (Hoge, Castro, Messer, McGurk, Cotting, & Koffman, 2004). This paper will discuss Grossman’s (2009) views on the psychological cost of killing others in combat.
Mecca is also known as Makkah and its full name is Makkah al-Mukkaramah. Mecca is a city in the Hijaz region of western Saudi Arabia. It is known as the holiest site in the Islamic religion. The history of Mecca goes back as early as the fifth century. It was an independent and powerful city in pre-Islamic times. It is the religious center for Islamic people and it houses the Kaaba and the Great Mosque. It is also the birthplace of Muhammad, the first capital of caliphate, and the center of present day mosques. In 630 Muhammad and some of his followers went into the city of Mecca and captured it. Mecca is said to have started one of the most important religions in the world and it brings together the Islamic religion.
For example, according to Lane Wallace, “In July 2007, I was having a drink with a friend in Grand Central Station when an underground steam pipe exploded just outside. From where we sat, we heard a dull "boom!" and then suddenly, people were running.. the crowd, for the most part, was not doing the one thing that would increase everyone's chances of survival, if in fact a terrorist bomb with god knows what inside it had just gone off--namely, moving away from the area. We may have an instinct for survival, but it clearly doesn't always kick in the way it should” (Lane Wallace).
Rittichainuwat, B., & Chakraborty, G. (2009). Perceived travel risks regarding terrorism and disease: The case of thailand. TOURISM MANAGEMENT, 30(3), 410-418. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2008.08.001