Introduction & Background to Transport Lab
Transport is a vital process to move substances from one place to another inside a cell. There are two different types of transport, passive and active transport. Passive transport is when no additional energy is needed for molecules and substances to transfer across the membrane or cell. In passive transport, the molecules are moving from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. There are three types of passive transport which are diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis (Ed. Allan B., 2010). Facilitated diffusion is when transport proteins provide the force to move ions and small molecules across the membrane from high to low concentration. Transport proteins are proteins that facilitate the movement of substances or waste through the plasma membrane (Transport Proteins, 2000).
Diffusion is when substances diffuse from areas with many particles of the substance and areas with fewer particles of the substance. Concentration is the amount of substance in an area, which means diffusion is when substances diffus...
This cell membrane plays an important part in Diffusion. Cell membrane and Diffusion Diffusion is the movement of the molecules of gas or liquids from a higher concentrated region to a lower concentration through the partially permeable cell membrane along a concentraion gradient. This explanation is in the diagram shown below: [IMAGE] Turgor When a plant cell is placed in a dilute solution or a less concentrated solution then the water particles pass through the partially permeable membrane and fill the cell up with water. The cell then becomes Turgor or hard. An example of this is a strong well-watered plant.
All of these substances cross the membrane in a variety of ways. From diffusion and osmosis, to active transport the traffic through the cell membrane is regulated. Diffusion is the movement of molecules form one area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Concentration gradient causes the molecules to move from higher concentration to a lower concentration.
When a cell membrane is said to be selectively permeable, it means that the cell membrane controls what substances pass in and out through the membrane. This characteristic of cell membranes plays a great role in passive transport. Passive transport is the movement of substances across the cell membrane without any input of energy by the cell. The energy for passive transport comes entirely from kinetic energy that the molecules have. The simplest type of passive transport is diffusion, which is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. Diffusion
An example of simple diffusion is osmosis. Facilitated diffusion on the other hand is dependant on carrier proteins to transport it across the membrane. Diffusion is essential for many organisms as it is a feature of a number of processes which control and supply vital substances to the body in order for basic survival. A few of these are discussed below. Gas exchange is one of these processes.
The purpose of this lab was to see firsthand the diffusion of a substance across a selectively permeable membrane. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration until both concentrations are equal, or as you could more professionally call it, equilibrium. This concept is one that we have been studying in depth currently in Biology class.
Transport Across Plasma Membrane The plasma membrane covers all living cells, enabling the cells’ contents to be held together and controls movement of substances into and out of the cell. Plasma membranes are made of phospholipids, proteins and carbohydrates. The phospholipids are essentially made out of two fatty acid chains and a phosphate-glycerol group. They are arranged in a bilayer with the hydrophilic phosphate head facing outwards and the hydrophobic fatty acid chains facing inwards and to each other in the middle of the bilayer.
Passive transportation is the transportation of molecules or atoms through a cell membrane without requiring chemical energy. The rate of passive transport is determined by the permeability of the cell membrane.
Every matter is made of molecules and they are always in motion. However, there are different types of movements and one example is osmosis, which is a type of passive transport, meaning that they do not need energy to move areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane which means that water can go through membranes from areas where there are a lot of water molecules to areas where there are not so many water molecules. Adding on, cells must continue keeping an internal steady state called homeostasis in order to continue performing their functions. A selectively permeable membrane is used to maintain the homeostasis by controlling the movement of materials into and out of the cell as well as telling different substances apart and slowing down or stopping the movement of some substances while allowing others to pass through freely.
Exchange and Transport in Protozoa The exchange of gases between the environment and cells occurs via the process of diffusion. Diffusion depends on: · The amount of surface area available for diffusion. The larger the surface area the greater the rate of diffusion. · The concentration gradient. An organism which respires very quickly will have a much lower concentration of oxygen in the cells and a higher than normal concentration of Carbon Dioxide.
Simple diffusion The simplest form of passive transport is simple diffusion. Simple diffusion does not require the cell to use the energy and does not require carrier protein to carry substances. Only small molecules can pass through simple diffusion such as carbon dioxide or oxygen. Smaller molecules diffuse faster than large molecules.
There are two main types of transport: Active transport and Passive Transport. Passive transport is the movement of ions or molecular substances across the cell membrane without requiring energy. Also, in passive transport, there is another type of transport called facilitated diffusion. In facilitated diffusion, energy is not required either and protein channels are lined to make the diffusion of bigger molecules through a semipermeable membrane. On the other hand, active transport requires energy to pump a solute across a membrane against the concentrated gradient.
destination in the same condition as they began their journey, though other layers must be put in place to achieve a more comprehensive level of safety for vehicle and cargo transit. Lost or resting cargo containers and vehicles
Pipeline Transportation is a massive mode of transportation for over one hundred countries around the world. As of 2014, there is approximately 2,175,000 miles of pipeline, enough to wrap around the Earth 87 times. Of those millions of miles, 64% of the world’s pipeline is in the United States alone. Pipelines are mostly used for the transportation of both crude and refined petroleum, fuels such as oil, natural gas, and biofuels, and other fluids like water and sewage. Even alcohol is sometimes transported using pipelines. Pipelines are used all around us. Miles of them are running continuously below our feet on a daily basis. The creation of pipeline transportation has been an incredibly help to society both directly and indirectly.
Since the discovery of powered flight, man has endeavored to test the limits of traveling higher, faster and longer. With the advent of rocket technology in the early 20th century, “higher” came to mean orbiting the Earth, eventually culminating in NASA’s Apollo 11 mission to the moon. “Faster” meant setting record after record of speeds in excess of the sound barrier, with the very same Apollo missions reaching velocities of almost 25,000 miles per hour. “Longer” can currently be summated by the International Space Station (ISS), which has been continually manned for over 13 years; the longest single period of time in space for an individual in that span is 215 days. In the past few decades, many space programs around the world have experienced dwindling national and international interest, mirroring a decrease in funding. However, one aspect of space travel has recently begun to pique the interests of medical professionals in particular- the effects of long duration space travel on the human body. With recent technological advances, long term voyages through the cosmos have leapt from the pages of science fiction and into reality, with several public and private entities- including NASA- planning manned missions to Mars as soon as the year 2030. While that may seem a long way off from the present, research into the effects of extended cosmic voyages on human beings is still in its infancy, especially with regards to the potential effects such a journey might have on the psychological states of astronauts.
Most people take the urban public transportation system for granted. It is used in every aspect of our daily lives: work, education, medical necessities, recreation, etc. It is also important for the transportation of goods and services, which aids the growth and maintenance of our economy. Urban public transportation is the critical component of our quality of life and economic stability. The MBTA, the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, is Boston and Eastern Massachusetts’s major transportation service. The MBTA has played a central role in the development of Boston and surrounding cities and towns for more than a century; providing service from 175 cities and towns into Boston. On an average weekday over 1.2 million trips are made on the subway, buses, commuter lines and other services in the mass transit system. With an international airport, a ship port, the highways, and the rail lines to connect regional cities and towns to national and international destinations and markets, Boston’s urban public transportation system has made the region’s growing role in the global economy possible.