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Tourism effects on environment
Cultural impact of tourism
Tourism effects on environment
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2.7 ECONOMIC IMPACT OF HERITAGE TOURISM
According to many scholars of tourism (McNeely, 1998 and Mbaiwa, 2003), tourism is known as the largest growing industry globally, especially in the area of job creation, improve quality of life to host community and so on (Mochechela, 2010).Tourism is one of the largest industries where host resident can get the economic benefits as it has different sectors where both skilled and unskilled people can be employed. In the research on tourism impacts, the economic side of tourism is often noticed due to its positive impacts, while the negative aspects are from environmental and socio-cultural impacts. According Cooper et al (2008), a positive economic impact can directly bring benefits to communities therefore, it is also the major driver of tourism development. However, even though the economic benefits are popular with the tourism impact, the negative side still need to be taken with caution.
Boo (1991) and Zupan (2003) cited by Mochechela (2010), tourism can make a positive economic contribution such as increase income of local people, increasing foreign exchange earnings, expands the service sector by generating employment over a wide range of skill levels, attracts investment capital for
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Direct impacts include monetary transactions from operations during tourist visitation and tourism activities. This involves impacts on tourism businesses includes amount paid out including wages, taxes, supplies and services. Indirect impacts are changes in sales, income, or employment or also known as multiplier effect within the region of industries that supply products and services to the tourism industry. Induced impacts are changes in economic activity resulting from household spending of income earned directly or indirectly from the tourism industry (Sustainable Travel International,
Tourism impacts can be generally classified into seven categories with each having both positive and negative impacts. These impacts include; economic, environmental, social and cultural, crowding and congestion, taxes, and community attitude. It is essential for a balance on array of impacts that may either positively or negatively affect the resident communities. Different groups are concerned about different tourism impacts that affect them in one way or another. Tourism’s benefits can be increased by use of specific plans and actions. These can also lead to decrease in the gravity of negative impacts. Communities will not experience every impact but instead this will depend on particular natural resources, development, or spatial patterns (Glen 1999).
(2016),” the tourism system has some important inputs from an environmental perspective which includes natural, cultural and human resources.” The system has three subsystems which are tourism retailing, destination and transport, all of which are interrelated. Within the destination subsystem, the importance of natural and cultural attractions is emphasized as the basis for attracting tourists. The outputs of the system can be both positive and negative in that tourism can both conserve and destroy nature while bringing positive and negative economic cultural changes. Another output of the tourism system that is desired by governments is tourists’ satisfaction must be guaranteed. (pp.9-10) The pollution of the sea by sewage, overcrowding of beaches, removal of coral reefs and deforestation are the ways in which the environment is being affected by tourism. Hence, the need for environmental awareness in Jamaica as the impact is a major concern to the country. Although it is damaging the environment, it brings economic benefits.
Travel and tourism has become one of the most popular forms of activity for people of different walks of life. The need to travel has become so essential that it has become one of the busiest industries in the world today. Whether it is for business or for pleasure, to travel to a particular destination is part of everyday life. In the late twentieth century, the tourism industry has grown at a sustainable rate particularly for leisure activities in which people are more focused on going for holidays (Page and Connell, 2009, 4). People are now spoilt for choices; not only for destinations, but also in how they would like to learn of these destinations. As everything continues to evolve, so does
home, the amount used can run up to 440 liters a day. This is almost
Globalisation with its transcontinental flows, patterns of social interaction has given the tourism industry free reign to develop throughout the world also known as the ..global village.” The tourism industry has become a major sector for the global economy and is rapidly growing of tremendous annual rate and these changes can affect the host community and also on a global level.
Tourism is often associated with traveling to places away from home. Tourism has a big impact on the economic growth of some countries, which define the shape of their cities by producing different sectors like historic districts, convention centers, museums, malls, hotels, restaurants, and the list can be endless. Furthermore, tourism elements have been developed by cities for a variety of reasons including: situating themselves in the world by drawing a positive image and attracting visitors and for their money.
Tourism industry basically can be measured by research reports and statistical data which are conducted by various related organizations on tourism and economic sector as The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), The World Tourism and Travel Council (WTTC), The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) that is a basic economic tool to measure the tourism industries on the economy. In terms of indicators based on the purpose of this paper seeks to measure the impacts or benefits, competitiveness and future development in tourism.
Firstly, tourism has positive and negative impact on the economy of the local community. It can create jobs and mitigate the numbers of unemployment. For example: one
In recent years, tourism marketing has gone through strategic changes with the improvement in new technologies, the chase of a relationship between customers and suppliers as well as the importance of sustainability issues in marketing. Marketing Tourism reconsiders the needs of the tourists but does not overlook on the long term economic, environmental, social and cultural interests of the local population. So, it means that marketing consider both the tourist demand and effect to society as
It is the economic effects of tourism which bring the most benefit to the host nation. Tourism is a low import user which means more of the money earned here stays here. The government is earning money through tourist taxes such as the airport tax, increased export earnings and income tax revenue from people employed by the industry. A balance must be struck between these benefits and associated negative impacts on the community and the environment.
Half of century has gone since ‘tourism boom’ began in 1960s (Tirados, 2011). Nowadays, desire to be a tourist is virtually universe which has made tourism become a central element of globalization. The profit brought from tourism is something that we cannot deny however everything has its two sides which are good and bad, advantages and disadvantages or positive and negative. Thailand is a great example to find out the advantages and disadvantages of the development of tourism impact on the country.
“Tourism sector plays key role in economic development.” Economics. Radio the Voice of Vietnam. 2004
Tourism's economic benefits are advertised by the industry for a sum of reasons. The idea of tourism's economic significance gives the industry a much greater respect among the business municipal, public officials, and the public in general. This often translates into decisions to tourism.
Tourism is the one of economic and social activities that increasingly vital. Number of travellers domestic and international is increasing. In fact, several countries in present world develop tourism sectors as primary sector which generate national income. According to Salah Wahab and Cooper (2003). Tourism is also sector which involves role that mutually link between government, private sector and also public.
.... Every time you travel you need all these things to be able to most of the things you want to do which gives the country’s more economic growth so the country can still help their citizens. Local resorts and hotels make a great impact in cultural tourism because they can hire more employees to work for them with the more tourism that they will be getting in the future and will increase revenue again.