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In the documentary “Time for School 3”, aired in 2009, executive producer Pamela Hogan, conducted an informative and thought-provoking project, which scrutinized the lives of seven children living in Afghanistan, Benin, Brazil, India, Japan, Kenya, and Romania. Despite living in diverse countries, these seven children shared one attribute; the tussle of receiving a basic education.
The study of human development is essential because it enables us to understand, explain, predict, and even control behavior (Gardiner & Kosmitzki, 2010). Having stated that, a theory greatly contributes to our understanding and analysis of our findings by providing a scheme that will lucidly present the information. Super and Harkness’s psychology of the caretakers
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philosophy is a theoretical approach that is applicable to all seven children in innumerable ways. The distinctive parenting techniques exhibited encompassed various amounts of cultural beliefs and personal styles, which greatly impacted not only the children’s education, but also on the children’s attitude towards learning.
Essentially, the ideology of the psychology of caretakers had an enormous impact on the life of Joab, a native of Kenya. Considering that Joab was the eldest child, he had the most responsibilities in the home. In addition, Joab’s parents did not attend school, therefore his mother was a stay-at-home mom and his father was unemployed. However, his mother was a firm believer in her children attending school because she knew how beneficial the outcome would be for her children, but also for their immediate family, and their country as a whole (Hogan, 2009). As a result of her approach to education, Joab had grown to understand the value of learning and he knew to take it seriously. Furthermore, when his mother died, he knew that the only solution was to continue school because of how heavily his mother emphasized education. On the contrary, his father displayed a laissez-faire parenting style (Gardiner & Kosmitzki, 2010). After remarrying, his father abandoned him and his siblings, forcing them to seek food on their own. Joab was not only obligated to the duties of being an older brother, but he had to be a mother, a father, and a student all at …show more content…
once. Correspondingly, the same theory can be applied to the life of Neeraj from India. Despite the slight interest Neeraji’s parents had for schooling, it was remarkable to see how much Neeraj still wanted to learn and become successful. Her mother viewed education as a waste of time because she knew too many educated people who were still unemployed. Her father perceived marriage to be more important because he assumed it would grant Neeraj the opportunity to marry an educated man and seemingly become happy (Hogan, 2009). With such an undesirable view about school, it was not surprising that Neeraj would eventually drop out. Neeraj received little close to no motivation from family, eventually leading her interest in school to decrease over time. Shugufa and Jefferson, who were from Afghanistan and Brazil respectively, lived very interesting and gloomy lives.
They both encountered different challenges, but developed one goal in mind and that was to finish school and become successful. In particular, one of the major challenges that Shugufa encountered was going to school and coming back every day. In the community where Shugufa grew up, women were looked down upon for attending school because many people assumed females were better off doing housework. Therefore, many male dominated groups would attempt to harm and attack females they saw going to school. Looking forward into the next three or four years, I anticipate that Shugufa will successfully finish school; nonetheless will have to deal with one of two challenges. The first challenge is that she will fall prey to being unemployed after receiving her degree because her county refrains her from being a woman and holding the type of title that she deserves. The alternate challenge will be to overcome an increase in safety issues because she will be among the few women in her country to hold a position like the one she earned, which many will
condemn. Furthermore, taking a look at Jefferson’s life in the next three or four years, I anticipate that he will live beyond the odds of his neighborhood’s slum, and become a successful teacher. However, even though I imagine that Jefferson will become successful, I feel as though in the process of doing so, he may be tempted to come in contact with drugs, but will not do it for long because unlike the rest he is educated enough to know better. Personally, I strongly do not suppose that any of the seven children’s developmental pathways are set from this point on. Despite what they all have undergone, GOD can make any and everything possible as he pleases. However, this does not mean that becoming successful will be tranquil. As for Shugufa, her family seems very stable and very willing to do all that they possibly can to have her finish school. An underlying reason for that is because her father is well educated and as a result he understands the significance of knowledge. This means that Shugufa has a very high chance of becoming successful in whatever she decides to study because she has a strong foundation. Conversely, Jefferson’s developmental pathway may be slightly different than Shugufa. This is because unlike Shugufa, he only has one parent and the foundation of schooling is only being spoken and not displayed by his mother. However, this does not have to be a limitation for Jefferson if he continues to strive and disregard his surroundings. Based on what I have seen thus far, I do not anticipate on seeing any major changes in either of Shugufa or Jefferson’s life. There are but so many roads these children can travel on. Shugufa will without a doubt finish school, but she will only have to struggle with what she does after she finishes. Likewise, Jefferson may continue to have a positive attitude about school, obey his mother, and finish or he will test the slums to see how that life is. Individually, throughout the videos, I developed a closer relationship with Nanavi from Benin than the other six children. A major part of this was because Nanavi’s obstacles resembled many of the struggles my own parents tackled while growing up in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Religion and tradition were and continue to be a major part of my parent’s life. Similarly, they both were important to Nanavi. My parents and Nanavi shared the obstacles of losing a father at a very young age, having an uneducated mother who promoted education, walking long distances, and having no textbooks in the classroom setting. Unlike Nanavi who was able to at least become familiar with her father, my maternal grandfather passed before my mother even got to know him. Fortunately for Nanavi, her father played an important role in her life before he passed. Nanavi’s father made it clear that he wanted her to remain in school despite whatever happened (Hogan, 2009). And when her father died, she remained motivated because her mother strongly asserted that by her attending school, more people would become civilized. Similarly, my grandmother motivated my mother to complete school and achieve her goals. In addition, although many children were discouraged to attend school because of the long walking distance or the insufficient amount of books, neither my mother nor Nanavi made that an excuse. Essentially, I felt overwhelmed by the end of the video. There was so much that I wanted to do, but could not do alone. Many of the challenges that these children face could be broken if more people in their countries, recognize how beneficial it would be to have plenty more educated children. In doing so, these children would be able to turn around most of these least developed countries.
Schuster, C. S., and Ashburn, S. S., (1980). The Process of Human Development: A Holistic Approach. Boston: Little, Brown and Company Inc.
As life moves forward Jara’na’s emotional reactions interfere (from one to seven years of ages) as he starts to become reluctant towards change. This appears through the family home and social interaction when introduced into the education system. From a young age Jara’na showed advanced motor skills, independence and an excelling imagination in the family home. Bowlby’s “Attachment theory” (Psychologist World and partners, 2016) connects with Jara’nas life as this is shown through an emotional attachment towards his mother, which grew stronger and resulting in separation anxiety. This is expressed through Jara’na still at 4 months into attending child care and
No single development theory satisfactorily explains behavior; however, a more comprehensive picture of child development emerges when Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development is integrated with Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development identifies four stages of development associated with age (Huitt & Hummel, 2003). Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs “posited a hierarchy of human needs based on two groupings: deficiency needs and growth needs” (Huitt, 2007). Comparatively, both theories argue that humans need a series of environmental and psychological support to meet our needs. Integrated, these two theories together enable teachers to understand which stage of development students are at and to create teaching
Erik H. Erikson was a significant psychologist that greatly changed the field of child development. In the 1950’s, Erikson advanced a Freudian approach in development. He viewed that social development as a series of eight challenges that people have to overcome. Each challenge has an outcome that’s either favorable or unfavorable. The outcome drastically affects a person’s personality. For example, in a favorable outcome, the result can leave a positive feeling. With a positive outlook, it’s easier for a person to cope with challenges in life. An unfavorable outcome can leave a person at a disadvantaged for the future. During the first couple challenges, Erikson believed that the caregiver has a great impact on a child’s development (Romero).
In the model I developed for child development there are three main groups: physical, mental, and social. Within these three groups are subcategories, many including ideas from various theorists, that I will use to support my system of child development. Throughout this paper, I will use ideas, definitions, and examples from the theorists I have chosen and from my own experience.
“I dream of a country where education would prevail” (Malala Yousafzai). Education around the world has begun to be overlooked more and more each year; women’s education especially. Fighting to learn is one of the many problems women face each day, additionally it does not help when the opportunity to be educated is not given to over 6 million teenage girls alone. The women that are confident enough to stand up and fight for schooling are usually respected. Being one of the very few people in Pakistan who fought for better teachings, Malala is now well respected in many countries. Malala Yousafzai (Yoo-saff-zay) was shot by the Taliban in 2012; after a long recovery, she miraculously advocates for education around the world.
As the child matures during the first two years of life, he or she creates a specific internal working model (BOOK). The working model of self is founded on the expectations the child develops based on experiences with the mother (BOOK). According to Bowlby (1979, p. 117), "the conce...
Psychosocial development throughout the Life Cycle theory (sometimes known as individual development theory) proposes that each individual has the ability to master their environment at all stages of life (Coady & Lehman, 2008; Hutchison, 2008). The theory had its beginnings in Freud’s psychosexual stages of child development; however Erikson is responsible for laying the groundwork for the theory as it is known today, by proposing an epigenetic model of human development (Hutchison, 2008).
In this essay I intend to discuss two psychological theories of development; The psychodynamic approach and the behavioural approach. In order to do this, I will outline each theory and explain how it accounts for psychological development, health and behaviour of the individual. In addition to this, I will explain how an understanding of these theories relates to care and would help a care professional to support an individual in a care setting.
1. "Psychoanalytic Theories of Development." Psychology - Complete Guide to Psychology for Students, Educators & Enthusiasts. Web. 04 Feb. 2012. .
There are many theories associated with developmental psychology, which studies the scientific process and cause of human development over the course of our lives. Developmental psychologists study a wide range of theoretical areas, such as biological, social, emotional, and cognitive processes (McLeod, S. A., 2012). Two theories of developmental psychology that I will be discussing will be the theory of moral development by Lawrence Kohlberg, and Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development.
Parents and scientists are seeking a more sound way to determine how to raise the children of the up-coming generation. The web article From Neurons to Neighborhoods, describes ten essential concepts needed for the healthy development of human beings. Research and theories from K. S. Berger’s textbook, Developing Person Through the Life Span can be applied to the ten core concepts. This paper will expand upon six of the ten concepts including how a person advances through the nature-nurture phenomenon, cultural influences, self-regulation, building relationships, uniqueness, and vulnerability to risks and influences. The following scientists research and theories will be used to help validate the concepts actuality, they include Pavlov, Skinner, Vygotsky, Piaget, Erikson, Freud and Maslow.
In conclusion we can safely say that Erikson's psychosocial stages of human development made various contributions to the study of human development. The theory offers a useful framework for analyzing developmental histories. The theory helps create interest and research on human development through the lifespan. It also assists care givers to adopt the correct parenting styles that can yield positive results. Critics of Erikson's theory say that his theory is more applicable to boys than to girls, and that more attention is paid to infancy and childhood than to adult life, despite the claim to be a life-span theory. Critics also say that single words can be misleading and rarely convey much meaning whilst others say that the universality of his theory can and must be questioned.
To reach the universal education goal for all children, special efforts should be clearly made by policymakers like addressing the social, economic...
A dusty, one-room schoolhouse on the edge of a village. An overworked teacher trying to manage a room full of boisterous children. Students sharing schoolbooks that are in perpetual short supply, crammed in rows of battered desks. Children worn out after long treks to school, stomachs rumbling with hunger. Others who vanish for weeks on end, helping their parents with the year-end harvest. Still others who never come back, lacking the money to pay for school uniforms and school supplies. Such is the daily dilemma faced by many young people in the developing world as they seek to obtain that most precious of all commodities, an education.