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Dramatic devices used in Murder in the Cathedral
Literary techniques in murder in the cathedral
Literary techniques in murder in the cathedral
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Thomas Becket is obviously the protagonist in Murder in the Cathedral. He is the main character and all action in the play surrounds his development. The audience sympathizes with him and supports him. However, a tragic hero is more than just a protagonist. What makes a hero a tragic hero is a tragic flaw, or hubris, that leads to their downfall. Becket’s hubris is his pride. Not only is he proud of being a martyr, his pride also leads to his conflict with King Henry, who supposedly ordered his death. In this way, pride caused his downfall in two ways. In the beginning of the play, Becket’s desire is martyrdom. He thinks that it will bring him fame and sainthood, and is therefore proud of becoming a martyr. The fourth tempter expressed Becket’s
In many works of Literature, a character comes forth as a hero, only to die because of a character trait known as a tragic flaw; Hamlet from Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Okonkwo from Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, and Winston Smith from Orwell’s 1984 all exhibit that single trait, which leads, in one way or another, to their deaths. These three tragic heroes are both similar and different in many ways: the way they die, their tragic flaws, and what they learn. All three characters strongly exhibit the traits needed to be classified as a tragic hero.
“Cyrano de Bergerac” is a play about a man named Cyrano de Bergerac, a poet and a superb swordsman who contains a terribly giant nose. He’s in love with his cousin, Roxanne. Cyrano never tells Roxanne how he feels concerning her therefore she has no idea of his love for her. Within the play Cyrano is a tragic hero. A tragic hero is a great, noble, heroic character. The dictionary.com definition of a tragic hero states, “All tragic heroes have a tragic flaw and since of that flaw the hero is destined for a downfall, suffering, or defeat: the tragic hero is the character that the majority readers will sympathize or empathize with.” Cyrano is different from the contemporary anti-hero however his death was foreshadowed by his actions. Cyrano has all of these traits. Heroic principles and values are necessary of a tragic hero. Whether its showing honor in battle, by charging at enemy lines to redeem his fallen friend Christian, or his loyalty to Roxanne by visiting her each week and comforting her at the church until his death, displays why he was the hero. Cyrano's admirable traits may be seen as the cause of his downfall. His low self-esteem is why he's too afraid to inform Roxanne how he feels about her. He’s terrified of rejection. Not only is He to proud to ever except defeat in battle by never backing down from a fight but also he is too proud to tell Roxanne how he feels for he believes he will be defeated. This is often the reason why he has gained such a large amount of enemies throughout his life. His pride, along with his low self-esteem, is a burden that weighs him down throughout the play.
The tragic death of a flawed hero can redeem and save both the hero and those who look up to him/her. In Ken Kesey’s One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, a man named Randall Patrick McMurphy saves a ward and its patients from self destruction. The power hungry Nurse Ratched rules as Chief Bromden narrates. In a similar fashion, Abigail Williams reigns over Salem. Her and her group of girls will eventually be taken down by John Proctor in Arthur Miller’s The Crucible. Both novels end with the downfall and deaths of McMurphy and Proctor, helping to save the ward and Salem. Randall Patrick McMurphy and John Proctor begin their journey as selfish but grow to become heroes along the way.
According to many experts of both history and literature, Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero is used to describe many protagonists in both American and world literature. There are many aspects to Aristotle’s definition, and each idea helps to explain the structure, purpose, and intended effect of tragedy. Many of Aristotle’s ideas can apply to multiple characters in The Crucible. Although Proctor unarguably represents the tragic hero of this novel, Reverend Hale’s story fits surprisingly well with the criteria that Aristotle believes to define a tragic hero. Hale is a character of noble stature, suffers with his tragic flaw of arrogance, yet has a reversal of fortune that is not fully deserved and not fully
In Geoffrey Chaucer’s, The Canterbury Tales each of Chaucer’s characters relates to one of the seven deadly sins. In the story Chaucer and twenty-nine other characters, go on a pilgrimage to seek the place where Saint Thomas Becket was martyred. The tales are the pilgrims’ stories, two on the way there and two back. Each story itself relates to one of the seven deadly sins, mocking the church’s corruption. Through the prologue of The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer creates a fictional character the miller to illustrate the sin of wrath.
The fault of the classic tragic hero, hubris, is very similar to Hotspur's need for honor. While hubris is excessive pride, the quest for honor can be viewed as the quest ( of the proud ) to get more titles and accolades, more things to be proud of. In addition, Hubris and honor drive their victims to ultimate failure in a similar manner: Oedipus is driven to find out the truth about his origins by his own pride just as Hotspur is driven by his need for honor to fight against the odds. Each fault is as inevitably dooming as the other: the quest for honor leads to greater and greater risks taken for greater and greater honors, and hubris leads to the acceptance of greater and greater risks as the proud hero cannot back down. Thus Hotspur's need for honor is similar failing to hubris, giving him that characteristic of the tragic hero.
At any given time, someone in the world is acting as a hero. Whether it be an innocent bystander retrieving an old woman’s stolen purse, or a man who selflessly launches himself towards an active shooter. The real world is filled with heroes, as well as the fictional world. Heros appear in all shapes and sizes, and can be classified in different ways. One classification is a tragic hero, which is defined as “...someone who makes a judgement error that inevitably leads to his or her own destruction” (Bainbridge Island School District). In The Crucible by Arthur Miller, John Proctor serves as a tragic hero, which is exemplified in the examination of his imperfection, and the catharsis readers experience at the end of the play.
A tale of duplicity and impetuosity, William Shakespeare’s play Othello brings to life a cast of complex characters. The leading character, Othello, whose undoing the piece recounts, proves to be the quintessential tragic hero by fulfilling all required elements necessary to be labeled as such. Aristotle defines a tragic hero as one of a noble stature who experiences misfortune and commits a culpable act as a result of his own free will; however, the misfortune is neither entirely deserved nor does it result in an absolute loss, as the hero experiences an awakening to the disagreeable facts while accepting defeat (Arp and Johnson). Othello, a vanguard of his day, is beguiled by a confidant and ensnared by the lies that ensue. This causes Othello great mental anguish. He is plagued with the question: Is his love unfaithful, or does she remain true? Eventually, unable to discern fact from fiction, Othello repudiates his bride and their recent marriage. Misplaced trust and a jealous heart soon cause Othello to lose his composure, his dignity, his most loyal counterpart, and ultimately his life.
Tragic heroes, who destined for a serious downfall, are the protagonist of a dramatic tragedy. A tragic hero is usually a great hero, who gets the most respect from other people; on the other hand, a tragic hero can also lose everything he gained because of his mistakes. His downfall is the result of a wrong judgment, a flaw which might combined with fated and external forces. The downfall can cause the tragic hero to suffer for the rest of his life. In many literary works, the downfall of the tragic heroes usually happen in their highest point. In the same way, Macbeth is a tragic hero in the play called “The Tragedy of Macbeth” which is written by a legendary writer, William Shakespeares. Macbeth is a great general who gained many respect from the people and even the king. In the highest point of his life, because of seeking for greater power, it created Macbeth’s downfall. Macbeth, a tragic hero, causes suffering for himself and others by committing murders and creating distress, which are the negative effects of seeking for a greater power.
In every Shakespearean tragedy there is always something called the “fatal flaw”. This flaw is seen in the main character or hero of the play. The hero always has the ability to overcome or control this flaw, however, if he can not control this flaw he reaches a point of doom. A point in the story where he has no choice but to continue downward through the spire of entropy. This leads to the tragedy. His or her end. The flaw is usually a master passion. This passion controls the hero’s thoughts and actions, and, if unable to control this passion it will lead to his doom.
The Canterbury Tales is an in-depth narrative analysis of twenty-nine unique characters and their Host on a collective pilgrimage to Thomas Becket’s shrine in Canterbury. Chaucer paints vivid pictures of each pilgrim through his description of their physical appearance, inner nature, and outward behavior towards others. The individuals are not given names but the reader can identify them by their titles. One of the clearest cut characters in this work is the Parson. Chaucer presents the Parson in The Canterbury Tales to create a stark contrast for the other religious figures by his description of the Parson’s inner constitution, outward actions, and shepherd like qualities.
Tragic heroes are within everyone, but cannot be fully exposed or understood without the essential tragic qualities. One must be a potentially noble character who endures heroic qualities and has respect and admiration from the society. Consequently, they must be essentially great. Also within the character must be a flaw or weakness that leads to a fall. Lastly, one is required to possess an element of suffering and redemption. Remorse and regret is a necessity for ones wrong doings or deeds. One’s pays for their wrong doings because of failure to find happiness and regrets for actions taken. Therefore they die heroically. In the play “Macbeth” this quality of a tragic hero is portrayed though the character Macbeth.
Tragic figures are characters that aim for a goal but never reach it. They suffer throughout their story and are most likely to die before the play ends. The tragic hero is the most commonly known of these figures, but tragic villains also exist. An example of the tragic hero is Franz Woyzeck, of Georg Büchner’s working-class tragedy ‘Woyzeck’. Compared and contrasted to Woyzeck is the tragic villain, Ferdinand, of John Webster’s tragedy ‘The Duchess of Malfi’. Both characters fail to gain what they desire because they suffer of a mental illness.
The word pride in itself isn’t an important word but it’s meaning implies many things. There are several different definitions for pride. Pride can be referred to as a type of plant, a form of body ornamentation, or even a group of lions. The most commonly used definition of pride is being proud, or having a feeling of great accomplishment and feeling self-satisfaction. The word pride both positive and negative meanings that can be seen throughout history.
The second most important part of a tragedy is Character. Characters actually play a secondary role to the plot in the “perfect” tragedy. The actions of the characters make them responsible for their fate, not a higher power. There should be a protagonist and a tragic hero. Tragic heroes are also exceptional beings; Hamlet was very intellectual, giving him a brilliant mind and a quick wit. The tragic hero is the ma...