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Blink by malcolm gladwell summary of chapters
Blink by malcolm gladwell summary of chapters
Blink by malcolm gladwell summary of chapters
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In the novel, Blink, Malcolm Gladwell discusses how unconscious thinking is just as important (If not more) as conscious thinking. “Thin-slicing”, a process of accessing an situation, with very little information, within a couple of seconds (23). Throughout Blink, Gladwell uses multiple examples to argue three main points that underline why sometimes those first two seconds of looking are the most significant in good decision making: less is better, intuition vs experience, & awareness. The first theme elaborated on reasons on why occasionally less knowledge is better for executing important decisions. Gladwell explains on how too much information clouds our judgement, since we tend to rely on all information we’ve gathered to assess situations. He provides the example of diagnosing a heart attack. Apparently, there are many things that contribute to heart attacks, but it’s difficult to accurately tell if an individual is having one or if it’s a false alarm. Doctors are left to determine if an attack is real & the studies show percentages that signify their readings are no better than mere guesses. For they take into account several bits of information like “Do they smoke?”, “Are they overweight?”, “Does the patient have high blood pressure?”, & more. However, the hard work of an cardiologist produced an equation that has …show more content…
been found to identify heart attacks 70% more often than doctors themselves can identify. This demonstrates the effect of excessive information, in which too much potentially backfires. Argument two emphasizes on how our instincts are really just based off past experiences.
So when you look at an person & form assumptions on them, you’re relying on stereotypes. You automatically establish another’s motive based on their appearance, facial expressions, & hand gestures. For you’ve recognized an activity that resembles an earlier event, that triggers your mind to relate the two occasions together. An example from the passage displays Bronx officers faced with a “kill or be killed” scenario. Since the officers couldn’t recognize they were stereotyping, they shot an unarmed minority resulting in charges of manslaughter against
them. His last case is just as the word implies, awareness. Gladwell wants his readers to be aware of the biases in their judgements, that have been led to fallacies by society. His solution is to condition your mind, just like the food tasters within the book. This is why their feedback is so precise, for they hone their minds and consider if there's bias behind their opinion. Unlike the average customer whose criticisms are often unreliable & grounded. If people don’t consider their first impressions to be affected by outside influences, then it would be challenging for them to construct an sound judgment To sum it up, thinking long & hard is not always the best solution to solving all your problems. You need to know when to listen to your gut & when to just think things out. We as humans use what we perceive to understand our immediate surroundings. However, this is wrong, for our eyes can deceive us and lead us into making rash decisions. Therefore, the author encourages us to practice locating prejudices in our first opinions about affairs.
The power of stereotypes stored in the brain was a daunting thought. This information enlightened me about the misconceptions we carry from our cultural experiences. Also, it startled me that according to (Banaji and Greenwald, 2013) “those who showed high levels of White Preference on the IAT test were also those who are most likely to show racially discriminatory behavior,” (pg. 47). I reflected on this information, and it concerned me that my judgments were simply based on past cultural experiences. This mindbug was impacting my perception of someone before I even had a chance to know him.
In the article Threshold of Violence published by The New Yorker Magazine, author Malcolm Gladwell alludes to the cause of school shootings and why they transpire. Gladwell tries to make sense of the epidemic by consulting a study of riots by stanford sociologist Mark Granovetter. Granovetter sought to understand “why people do things that go against who they are or what they think is right, for instance, why typically non-violent, law-abiding people join a riot”(Granovetter). He concluded that people’s likelihood of joining a riot is determined by the number of people already involved. The ones who start a riot don’t need anyone else to model this behavior for them that they have a “threshold” of zero. But others will riot only if someone
When we go about our daily lives there are many things that go undetected. One such undetected event goes on inside our own head. Thinking without thinking, an idea brought forth in Malcolm Gladwell’s Blink, where your brain is processing information that you aren't even aware of yet. Some of the best outcomes are produced from this “idea”. Another huge topic in this novel is the idea of “thin slicing”. Where your brain can come to a conclusion within seconds of analyzing the situation. Thin slicing is proven in this book to be more resourceful than putting any length of thought into a situation. But in order for Gladwell to drive home his ideas, he is going to need the help of some psychologists tests to prove that he is right.
In Part Three, he focuses on how irrational stereotypes effect how we come to know things.
Throughout Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury uses his world to show what books provide that society can not offer; knowledge. Knowledge then guides people out of the ignorance and conformity that the society in Fahrenheit 451 encourages and even demands as the majority. The fear of any discomfort that knowledge might bring is the cause for the society’s actions in trying to eliminate it; however, because they never take time to look past the discomfort and see the happiness that knowledge does provide, they stay in their ignorance and experience their false happiness. Therefore, knowledge is what brings people out of ignorance and into the light where they may be able to find true happiness for themselves.
Snap judgements are those immediate conclusions we make when we meet someone for the first time or experience something new or different. Many of us make snap judgements every single day of our lives without even being conscious of it. In fact, it only takes us a couple seconds to decide whether we like something or not. Snap judgements are a mental process we all do unconsciously. According to our class reading “Blink” by Malcom Gladwell, Gladwell states that most of us have experienced snap judgments, but we feel like we should not trust it. Snap judgements are not always precise but Gladwell believes we should ignore these odds and trust our snap judgements.
Another type of stereotypical occurs, when officer John Ryan with his partner Tom Hansen were working on a case to find the stolen car of Mr. Cabot. They encountered different black people with the car that looks exactly like Mr. Cabot’s stolen on. Even though officer John knew the car wasn’t the stolen one, he still chose to stop the car and start going through the license of the owner of the car Cameron an African American man. After checking the
Namely, he gets his message across to his audience with the use of imagery. Even so, he says that when he’s out walking the streets of Brooklyn at night, he finds that women “set their faces on neutral”, place their purses “across their chest bandolier style”, and “forge ahead as though bracing themselves from being talked” (Staples 543). With this use of imagery, Staples is able to place an image in the reader’s head of a young women walking the streets- alone, tense, and skittish- all because of man who, unbeknownst, means no harm to her. This denotes the theme of racial profiling in society because it shows the woman’s fear of an African American walking the streets, whom of which has not made one advance or threatening move towards the woman. The woman’s ability to assume the worst in the blink of an eye shows how society has been drilled with the influence of stereotypes and racial profiling. This leads to the fact that an innocent man is being ridiculed for the color of his skin while he had done nothing to cause such actions. Moreover, the description of the woman’s reaction to Staples makes the audience pity him because of his innocence in the cruel and unfair situation and unwillingness to be anybody other than an innocent bystander. Additionally, Staples’ use
Eagleman talks about unconscious learning, and explores how much of what we do daily is learned and directed by the unconscious mind. The first example is changing lanes: when we’re driving, we do it without thinking. However, when asked to describe how they change lanes, many people are flummoxed. Changing lanes is so automatic that when the conscious mind tries to take control, it confuses our brains and our gears become out of sync. The second example is chicken sexers: people who can sort chick hatching even though male and female chicks look exactly alike. The third example is plane spotters: people who could distinguish between enemy and ally planes thousands of feet in the air. In both cases, the people just knew! They couldn’t explain how they knew. Rather, after trial and error, their unconscious picked up on the slight cues that allowed to them tell the difference. The conscious mind, on the other hand, was unaware of this
This was especially evident when they were being pulled over by a racist white cop. She felt that he could have done more to defend their rights instead of accepting injustice. There is also a Persian store owner, who feels that he is getting the short end of the stick in American society because his store was robbed multiple times. Then the Hispanic locksmith encounters racial slurs and discrimination, although he just wanted to keep his family safe. The partnered detectives and lovers of different races, one is a Hispanic woman and the other is a black male, who are dealing with his drug addicted mother who feels that he does not care enough about taking care of his family. In this movie, discrimination and prejudice are the cause of all kinds of collisions. We easily prejudge people with stereotypes, and we are concerned with our pre-thoughts of what kind of person he/she should be, we forget to actually get to know them. It is human nature to have some type of prejudices in one way or another; we fear the unknown. There are stereotypes that black people are angry or tend to be violent; white people feel they are the dominant race and discriminate against all; Asians are thought to be poor or ignorant, and people with higher economic statuses are distinguished to the working class
For instances, in one study, volunteers were required to stare at a computer screen as different phrases quickly appeared and disappeared without their knowledge. These phrases such as “violent” and “elderly” influenced their minds when they complete different types of tasks, such as writing or walking. Their behaviors changed according to the flashing words because the unconscious mind was affected by it, even though they were unaware of these influences. Since their conscious minds were not able to pick up the words on the screen, they created reasoning with the knowledge they did have. As Daniel Gilbert stated, “ their brains quickly considered the facts they are aware and draw out the same kinds of plausible but mistaken inferences about themselves that an observer would probably draw about them” (131). Daniel Gilbert proves that the unconscious mind takes the knowledge one is aware of and creates a logical reasoning behind it, even if it is not true. When Daniel Gilbert says "mistaken inferences" he means that the person is unaware of the factors that influence one's behavior, thus creating a false sense of understanding. The volunteers believed their false reasoning, thus affecting the truth behind their
He creates this tone to convey his purpose to the reader which is that prejudice is still an ongoing problem in American society, and that it will never be a thing of the past. Staples gives many personal anecdotes that are very somber; the readers are affected by this because they can emphasize and feel the prejudice that the victim, Brent Staples, faces. Although Staples is never delighted with the positions he is in, he never shows his resentment. In one part of the article, Staples said, “It is not altogether clear to me how I reached the ripe old age of twenty-two without being conscious of the lethality nighttime pedestrians attributed to me.” (Staples, 2). Staples attributes that he knows many people in American society automatically assume that he is a threat to “their” society because of
According to Devine (1989), automatic processing involves the unconscious retrieval of obtained associations that develop through memory repetition; this process links with stimulus cues in the environment. The intense nature of automaticity is that an individual cannot escape or try to ignore the process (Devine, 1989). People build and enforce stereotypes through this automatic process and have no conscious control of memory retrievals. Human bodies take a lot of effort to function, but automatic processing requires little effort. People, therefore, mostly rely on automatic thinking, rather than controlled. This is why some researchers argue that automatic processing is why stereotyping is inevitable; because automaticity is easier, it does not mean controlled thinking cannot disband stereotypes (Devine, 1989). Controlled thinking is intentional and requires active participation of an individual. This proce...
Sternberg, Robert J. & Janet E. Davidson, eds. 1995. The Nature of Insight. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Everybody in this world has a talent. He or she can use his talent to express about himself or herself. Also, the writers can explain some themes from their societies in their articles, novels, and books. The artistic works can treat some problems and face the society with it. For an example, Khaled Hosseini on his novel The Kite Runner, explains some themes from the society like, how the children affected by their parents, how the society and the religious matter effect on the people, and the value of having someone by your side supports you.