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The role of religion in the development of society
The role of religion in the development of society
How religion shapes development
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Who would probably get the six hours of leisure, a Protestant or a Catholic? The Protestant group is mostly made up of the Northern European descent. The Catholic group comes mostly from the Southern European descent. Supposedly The Northern group was a little more advanced than the Southern group. The Catholics created less industrialized products, while the Protestants created highly advanced things which allowed their industrial lives to prosper. To me this sounds a lot like who is better the light skinned whites are the darker skinned whites. I mean I understand the facts as to what advancements actually came from a certain place but I think that no one Protestant was actually better than another Catholic. One could argue that maybe the Protestant group is a more advanced group because perhaps they have a personal relationship with God and the Catholic group doesn’t. Is that why the Catholic group isn’t as “blessed” as the Protestants? I mean you could really make up a lot of arguments as to why that is the way that it is. I mean today it is still like this in the world. Guess what the North Americans are a lot more advanced than the Southern Americans. Hmm?
“Status is something people aspire to, even if they don’t have the means to achieve it”, (Fancy). Could this mean that the Northern Europeans didn’t have the means to achieve things such as the Protestant did? Why did the Protestants have the means and where did they get them from, was it from God? “People saw that social mobility was possible for themselves.”(Fancy). “Hard work was an acceptable means to achieve it” (Fancy). Did the Southern Europeans really work as hard as the Protestants? Maybe the Protestants worked 50 hours more than the Catholics and maybe that is why they seem to have created more of a industrialized nation. I have just listed at least three reasons as to why the Northerners where so much more “better off”, than the Southerners. I know that Weber also kind of felt the way that I do about this having to really boil down to what spiritual beliefs played a role in who was to be more successful. “Spirit”, which had its roots from the Protestantism could not have grown in the modern capitalistic world. Weber believed that Europe was already acquainted with capitalism before the Protestant revolt. For a good century or so capitalism had been a growing monster.
According to John Winthrop, humankind is separated into political and economic classes. During the colonial era there was a large barrier between the rich and poor. Since the Puritans had a strong belief in religion, many thought that the social classes were part G-d’s plan. Winthrop explained that the reason for social divisions were that G-ds wisdom created the variety and differences in the creatures. Also, that they were created to be rich or poor in the glory of His power. The differences in humans were created for the preservation and good of mankind (Winthrop par. 2). These Puritan beliefs were the main justifications
In the documents titled, William Graham Sumner on Social Darwinism and Andrew Carnegie Explains the Gospel of Wealth, Sumner and Carnegie both analyze their perspective on the idea on “social darwinism.” To begin with, both documents argue differently about wealth, poverty and their consequences. Sumner is a supporter of social darwinism. In the aspects of wealth and poverty he believes that the wealthy are those with more capital and rewards from nature, while the poor are “those who have inherited disease and depraved appetites, or have been brought up in vice and ignorance, or have themselves yielded to vice, extravagance, idleness, and imprudence” (Sumner, 36). The consequences of Sumner’s views on wealth and poverty is that they both contribute to the idea of inequality and how it is not likely for the poor to be of equal status with the wealthy. Furthermore, Carnegie views wealth and poverty as a reciprocative relation. He does not necessarily state that the wealthy and poor are equal, but he believes that the wealthy are the ones who “should use their wisdom, experiences, and wealth as stewards for the poor” (textbook, 489). Ultimately, the consequences of
A big disadvantage that the lower class has compared to the wealthy is a lack of quality education. While serving as a waitress, Ehrenriech learned about many different people. Some of these co-workers were immigrants who had recently come to this country. “I learn that he [George] is not paid by Jerry’s but the ‘agent’ who shipped him over--$5 an hour, with the agent getting the dollar or so difference between that and what Jerry’s pays dishwashers”(38). Their contracts lacked any benefits, and they were paid below minimum wage. People, like George, cannot read their contracts before they sign because they don’t understand the language. The critic would argue, “…They are baffled at the idea of fighting the class struggle of which…Ehrenriech appears to be the only person complaining about the situation…” In Georg...
Social and economic stresses of The Protestant Reformation age were just among few of the things that impacted the ordinary population of Europe. The Protestant Reformation was the 16th-century religious, political, and cultural disorder that divided Catholic Europe, setting in place the structures and beliefs that would define the continent in the ordinary population. In northern and central Europe, reformers like Martin Luther, John Calvin and Henry VIII challenged papal authority and questioned the Catholic Church’s ability to define Christian practice. In 1555 The Peace of Augsburg allowed for the coexistence of Catholicism and Lutheranism in Germany; and in 1648 Treaty of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years’ War. The key ideas of the Reformation, a call to purify the church and a belief that the Bible, should be the sole source of spiritual authority. However, Luther and the other reformers became the first to skillfully use the power of the printing press to give their ideas a wide audience.
There are two sociologist that have taken a major interest on stratification and social class. Karl Marx and Max Weber have had a profound influence on how we view the United States class system today. “According to Karl Marx, class position and the extent of our income and wealth are determined by our work situation, or our relationship to the means of production” (Kendall). Marx’s theory states that capitalists society consists of two classes which are the workers and the capitalists. As for the Appalachian people, they would most likely fall under the workers. “Working class (proletariat) consists of those who must sell their labor to the owners in order to earn enough money to survive” (Kendall). A very few percentage of Appalachian people would be considered capitalist. The ones who would be classified as capitalist would be the coal miners. “Starting salary for coal miner is $60,000 a year” (Sawyer). The capitalists own and control the means of production. Other than working in the coal mines there is not a lot of jobs that would make the people of Appalachia capitalists. Max Weber’s theory is similar yet very different to Karl Marx’s theory on social stratification. “Weber developed a multidimensional approach to social stratification that reflects to the interplay among wealth, prestige, and power” (Kendall). With Weber’s approach it allows the Appalachian people to to be a high-level rank in one area
However, in "The Gospel of Wealth a person like Jurgis is scoffed at. He implies that anyone can climb out of poverty. He makes it seem like there are no faults with the capitalist system and everything is wrong with the socialist system. With both authors exaggerating their claims, the truth lies somewhere in between. Thus, a society that accentuates both systems strengths and minimizes its failures will be a prosperous
The view on the wealthy in the society was different from one person to another and this actually led to publications and criticisms one after another. Actually the discovery of new economic opportunities made United States to be viewed as a land of economic glory and prosperity. This in turn attracted more people from different parts of the world. Ironically, some of the optimistic immigrants got overly involved relentless poverty and had to struggle for cont...
One is the old values where origin is the most important feature for social mobility, this will be discussed with the theory of Pierre Bourdieu. The other is the new values that the American dream where whoever can work its way up the social ladder, this will be discussed with the help of Gwendolyn Foster. The origin of wealth is a key factor in deciding which social class each character in The Great Gatsby belongs to. Jay Gatsby is the character who made the greatest social mobility. The other characters use him for his parties and hospitality, but they do not consider him as an equal.
Friedrich Nietzsche’s “On the Genealogy of Morality” includes his theory on man’s development of “bad conscience.” Nietzsche believes that when transitioning from a free-roaming individual to a member of a community, man had to suppress his “will to power,” his natural “instinct of freedom”(59). The governing community threatened its members with punishment for violation of its laws, its “morality of customs,” thereby creating a uniform and predictable man (36). With fear of punishment curtailing his behavior, man was no longer allowed the freedom to indulge his every instinct. He turned his aggressive focus inward, became ashamed of his natural animal instincts, judged himself as inherently evil, and developed a bad conscience (46). Throughout the work, Nietzsche uses decidedly negative terms to describe “bad conscience,” calling it ugly (59), a sickness (60), or an illness (56); leading some to assume that he views “bad conscience” as a bad thing. However, Nietzsche hints at a different view when calling bad conscience a “sickness rather like pregnancy” (60). This analogy equates the pain and suffering of a pregnant woman to the suffering of man when his instincts are repressed. Therefore, just as the pain of pregnancy gives birth to something joyful, Nietzsche’s analogy implies that the negative state of bad conscience may also “give birth” to something positive. Nietzsche hopes for the birth of the “sovereign individual” – a man who is autonomous, not indebted to the morality of custom, and who has regained his free will. An examination of Nietzsche’s theory on the evolution of man’s bad conscience will reveal: even though bad conscience has caused man to turn against himself and has resulted in the stagnation of his will, Ni...
According to excerpts from Letters From An American Farmer by St. Jean de Crevecoeur it states, “What the is the American, this new man? He does not find, as in Europe, a crowded society, where every place is over-stocked. There is room for every body in America.” (Document 6) Europeans see America as a new beginning for them. The Europeans came to Colonial America because the rich in Europe received all the jobs. The poor Europeans were not given jobs with fair wages because the rich in Europe received all the jobs with higher wages. In America, there was “room” for everyone that wanted economic opportunities. When poor Europeans received jobs in Colonial America, many felt as if they were given jobs they actually wanted. The “spacious” American gave immigrants the jobs they were never able to receive before in Europe. In the same excerpt Crevecoeur states, “Here the rewards of his industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor.” (Document 6) This means that even if you were a colonist or an immigrant, as long as you worked hard for what you would like to achieve, you will receive the rewards one way or another. Immigrants captured their rewards in a “roomy” way. In summary, poor Europeans came from the over-stocked societies to find their spot in the American
One of the most controversial topics in Christianity is sacraments. Scholars define the word “sacrament” many ways. A common definition is that a sacrament is an outward, visible sign of an inward, spiritual reality. It would be inaccurate to say that a sacrament is just a sign. It should be viewed as an encounter or something that brings something else about. In other words, a sacrament is something that points beyond itself and has meaning in a spiritual sense. Sacraments compile a range of imagery which all have deeper meanings than meet the eye. It is not just a ritual enactment of something else going on; it has objective order.
Weber also thought there was a link between capitalism and the Protestant work ethic. Specifically he looked at Calvinism. Calvinism was a simple way of life in which you were to do good for others. The way into heaven was to do the greatest good for the greatest number of
Ethics in Christianity According to Webster, ethics is "the science of moral duty." He further describes it as "the science of ideal human character. " The word in Greek means "dwelling" or "stall," as in a safe place to live (our word "morals" comes from the Latin word for ethics). The implication is that humans depend on right choices for security.
The Christology has been debated by theologians since the resurrection of Christ. Christology is a doctrine that concerns the nature and significance of Jesus Christ, the study of His nature and work. It has been questioned whether the Son is the Savior and whether the Son in God. For centuries there were councils that attempted to answer those questions and came up with their own explanations.
The Objectivity and Rationality of Morality According to Kant morality is rational and objective. It is based on