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Influence of affirmative action
Affirmative action in the arguments for and against
Affirmative action policies
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The University of Michigan Should NOT Use Affirmative Action
Imagine, your walking down the street looking for a job. You see a sign in the window that says, “Whites encouraged to apply.” Imagine the period in time when just being white got you into a college, without any other considerations of grades or athletic ability. Those were the days of the Jim Crow laws. Now these instances have happened in the past 20 years, through new laws called Affirmative Action. The big argument is over these few years of affirmative action. Have they alleviated the pain of the Jim Crow laws? The answer to that question is no. Especially, in the case of the University of Michigan‘s use of Affirmative Action in the acceptance of students. Using race as a factor of admission is wrong and is reverse discrimination.
Jennifer Gratz, Patrick Hamacher, and Barber Grutter have filed lawsuits against the University of Michigan for being denied admission based on their race. Hamacher had a “GPA of slightly under 3.4 and an ACT score of 28” (Kosseff). Gratz, who attended Southgate High School, had a GPA of 3.765 and ACT score of 25, said she hopes to change an admissions system that she believes is flawed” (Kosseff). Grutter, who tried to gain admission to the University of Michigan law school, maintained a straight-A average through college. She did this all in spite having two children and working nights to support them. All of them witnessed students with much lower credentials get accepted because they were minorities.
“The university is unapologetic about its use of race in admissions. According to Michigan's president, Lee Bollinger, it's the right thing to do” (Bradley). Lee Bolinger says :
The basic idea is that students learn better when they're in an environment in which not everyone is just like them. And we take into account a host of factors. Race and ethnicity are two, but there are many others. The question of bigness or smallness of the--of the factor is not the way to look at it. The--the question is: How much do you value diversity as an educational tool for your students? (Bradley)
This maybe a noble idea, but the system to get to this idea of diversity is evil and wrong.
Carl Cohen is the professor of Philosophy at the University of Michigan and has been since 1955. He is old enough to remember the discriminatory practices at certain schools set ...
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... person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws” (Lowery). The university is going against this amendment all the way in their admission policies. Admitting a student who is less qualified just because they are a minority is wrong. The University of Michigan is racist and should accept the students with the best grades and ACT scores no matter what race they are.
Works Cited
Bradley, Ed. Interview. Professor Cohen . CBS. 60 Minutes. 29 Oct. 2000.
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Chavez, Linda. “Is Racial Preference Unfair?” 19 June 2000. The Affiramtive Action
And Diversity Project . 14 Dec. 2000. 16 Feb. 2002.
Kosseff, Jeffrey. “Firm files lawsuit challenging University’s admission policies.”
The Michigan Daily. 14 Oct 1997. 16 Feb. 2002
Daily/1997/oct/10-14-97/news/extra.html>.
Lowry, Richard. “Quota U – Ann Arbor shows its colors.” National Review 19 March
2001. Find Articles.com. Gale Group. 16 Feb. 2002
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In 1973 a thirty-three year-old Caucasian male named Allan Bakke applied to and was denied admission to the University of California Medical School at Davis. In 1974 he filed another application and was once again rejected, even though his test scores were considerably higher than various minorities that were admitted under a special program. This special program specified that 16 out of 100 possible spaces for the students in the medical program were set aside solely for minorities, while the other 84 slots were for anyone who qualified, including minorities. What happened to Bakke is known as reverse discrimination. Bakke felt his rejections to be violations of the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th amendment, so he took the University of California Regents to the Superior Court of California. It was ruled that "the admissions program violated his rights under the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment"1 The clause reads as follows:"...No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor without due process of the law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."2 The court ruled that race could not be a factor in admissions. However, they did not force the admittance of Bakke because the court could not know if he would have been admitted if the special admissions program for minorities did not exist.
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In a world where slavery existed, enslaved men and women were becoming more aware of the injustice inflicted upon them because of their skin color. In that world, black people were being forced to migrate, sold, kidnapped and traded in the name of slavery. Slavery was the ultimate business that condemned black men and women’s humanity and freedom. The slaves became the reliable pathway for people of white skin to obtain power and prosperity. Obtaining freedom was not an option but more of a necessity not only for the slaves but also for all their descendants. The enslaved men were put in a situation where their pride of masculinity was taken away from them. Eventually, there came a time when rebellious slaves strived to conquer what white men had stolen from them, what made them true men, their virility. With no rights, the enslaved men were completely being stripped of their masculinity, which was to men the main factor of being a true man. The white men impertinently build a sense of self-esteem by keeping their masculinity and thriving from the slaves’ pain. The movie “12 years a slave” portrays the idea that manhood was a concept important
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