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Effect of crime
Consequences of crime on criminals
Consequences of crime on criminals
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One of the biggest concerns of criminology is the reason why the criminals commit the crimes that they do. Whether it’s due to a mental disease or genetics. Even if the criminal is healthy and has been planning it for months analyzing the consequences and results. Could the society that the criminal has grown up in ever be at fault causing him to act the way he or she did? People have been trying to find the reason that criminals commit these crimes for many years, and the numbers of theories that have been come up with looks to be the same number of criminologists. A criminologist is “one who studies the biological and sociological causes and consequences of crime and criminal behavior (such as the effects of mental defects and social environment).” Their job is to figure out why criminals acted the way they did and how to change the person in order to not repeat it, in other words rehabilitate them. Rehabilitation teaches the prisons to live a better life when let out instead of being punished in prison. When a criminal commits a crime the reason for the action is a very important part of the case and after the prisoner is behind bars, then they can find a solution for the crime to not be repeated by the same convict.
There are many reasons people change from living an ordinary and normal life to people behind bars that are not having a good time. The biggest reason though is the way the child has grown up, how their parents or guardian has raised him or her, because child abuse is a leading cause to delinquency.
Other reasons could be anger or jealousy. For example a girl named Maxine Breakspear has been convicted of murder at the age of 18. When she was in jail interviewed by a reporter, the reporter described her as a hea...
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.... Also the number of teens had increased and they are more likely to commit crimes than adults because they are not as mature and do not take life as seriously.
The larger the city does not always mean the more crimes are going to be committed though. The total crime does not increase when people move to larger cities and they are not at risk because most crimes such as murder are caused from conflict of two or more people, which could happen anywhere depending on whether the area is filled with poverty or how the people in the area are raised.
The graph on the previous page explains how the number of crimes increase as the community population increases although when it gets to 1,000,000 people or over its goes back down. The city with the largest population’s violent crime rates goes down by 23%, and its its property crime and vehicle thefts decrease by 32%.
Gentrification makes way for safe neighborhoods that were once considered to be unsafe because of crime. Areas such as Echo Park, East LA, and Bed-Stuy, once notorious for being some of the most dangerous places in the United States are now safer than ever because of the changes brought by gentrification. According to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, “…gentrification can cause an initial increase in crime because neighborhood change causes destabilization, although in the long run gentrification leads to a decline in crime as neighborhood cohesion increases.” (2016, HUD USER). The arrival of new members of the community and the changes they bring creates unrest in the form of crime.
Why are some neighborhoods more prone to experience violent episodes than others? What is the extent and in what sociologically measurable ways do communities contribute to the causation and prevention of crime in their neighborhoods? Are neighborhood-level predictors adequate to explain differences in violent crime rates in the respective communities? These are some of the questions addressed by this statistically intense paper published in Science 1997, by Sampson, Raudenbush and Earls.
Is it a coincidence that highly urbanized areas are full of crime and always statistically higher than small towns and rural areas? A child that is being brought up in a metropolitan area that is full of violent crimes is flooded in a sense and has nothing to do but to breath in some of the negative influences that go on around him. Therefore, I believe that the most influential scene in a child’s life is the neighborhood that he grows up in. Parents cannot constantly watch over their children, ask about whom they are hanging out with, constantly check where they are, and find out what they are getting themselves into? (Statistics p348)
Free Press. Blau, P. M., & Blau, J. R. (1982). The cost of inequality: Metropolitan structure and violent crime. American Sociological Review, 47(1), 114-129. Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M. (1979).
Then all of a sudden, instead of going up and up and up, the crime rate began to fall. And fall and fall and fall some more. The crime drop was startling in several respects. It was ubiquitous, with every category of crime in every part of the country. It was persistent, with incremental decreases year after year. And it was entirely unanticipated, especially because the public had been anticipating the opposite...
For decades researchers have speculated about the relationship between levels of violence, and societal conditions such as poverty, urbanism, population composition, and family disruption. National and international level research has concluded that each of these factors are related to crime rates and their trends overtime (Avison & Loring, 1986; Lafree, 1999, Lauristen & Carbone-Lopez, 2011). To examine these factors more closely we should recognize that they are the foundation of many criminological theories, both motivational and control, applied to the macro and individual level. Specifically, these include social disorganization theory (Shaw & MCkay, 1942), anomie-strain theory (Merton, 1968), violent subcultural theories (Anderson, 1999), social bond theory (Hirschi, 1969), self-control theory (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990), and biosocial perspectives (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1983).
The correlation between the homicides in more stable and less stable communities for the given regions is striking. In the North, the homicide rate per 100,000 for white males ages 15-39 is 4.7 in a stable community and 6.7 in an unstable community (Cohen 412). In the South and West, however, the numbers are much higher.
Criminology has always been an area of ardent interest for researchers, especially over the most recent decades. As crime rates have continued to vary over the decades, the study of criminology has increased as a result, thus, becoming more prominent than ever before. Theories, both at the micro and macro level of society, have been developed by many criminologists in order to explain the increases and decreases of the crime rate over the years and why certain factors tend to affect criminal behavior. By utilizing theories, researchers have been able to seek the best solutions available in order to apply them to policies in which they firmly believe will reduce the overall crime rate.
They pointed out that hot spots policing can sometimes be referred as place-based policing. It represented a range of police responses that focus police resources on the small geographical areas where crime was highly concentrated. Then the confirmation of the effectiveness of hot spots policing was given based on. According to authors, this is “an established fact based on strong experimental and quasi-experimental evidence (p. 202).” This position was supported by NRC’s (2004), Braga’s (2007) and Braga et al.’s (2012) studies and evaluations. Therefore, hot spots policing could be considered as an effective crime prevention strategy. Moreover, they also affirmed that hot spots policing did not necessarily lead to the immediate spatial displacement, and on the contrary, a diffusion of crime control benefits was likely to be witnessed. However, it still remains unclear whether the crime displacement could happen to areas father away. Likewise, non-spatial displacement such like displacement of crime types also need more research
Statistics show that female crimes have increased in the last thirty years. There are many different reasons why women crimes have increased. Biological, psychological, and sociological factors all contribute to why female crime occurs. Everyday in our society we see more female crimes trending on the news, on the internet, and even on Netflix. “Orange Is The new Black” is a television series that revolves around Piper Chapman, a woman in her thirties living in New York City, who is sentenced to 15 months in Litchfield Penitentiary, a minimum-security women federal prison in upstate New York. This chapter illustrates what crimes are usually committed by women and why they commit them.
Description is, criminologists study a variety of factors to determine why criminals commit crimes. They perhaps consider psychological and social concerns, research data about certain crimes and arrests and study and study the background of the criminal to determine if any biological connections that led him or her to commit the crime. In the process of studying the criminal, it is possible that criminologist can discover the cost that may have influenced their crime.
Homicide is definitely a problem for society. Cities like Chicago and Compton deal with murder on a daily basis. Police Departments have specific units just to handle murder and the elements that come with it. Homicide also goes hand in hand with politics. Usually, violent, crime ridden cities are the hot bed issues among the candidates that run them. Just recently, in the presidential race in 2017, the problem of Chicago and their skyrocketing murder rate was discussed. Federal assistance was discussed in order to help quell the murder rate.
The American Journal of Public Health released an article named “Network Exposure and Homicide Victimization In An African American Community” which estimates the risk of victimization and rise in crime rates citizens of high crime rated cities are subjected to. The researchers explain that social networks, especially urban centers, expose people to the most violence. It is stated that, “Risk of homicide in urban areas is even more highly concentrated than previously thought” (Papachristos). These urban areas are the ones most recessed and underdeveloped in the country. The author of the article uses many credible facts and evidence, like the statement above, to explain the crime rates in American cities. Also, the article continues to explain that there are now identifiable sources in these urban areas which cause the most violence such as gangs and recreational activities which will make it easier in the future to eradicate and being solving the problems in the
Most significantly is the recent transition in urbanization that has occurred. According to Kille (2013), roughly 50% of the U.S population resides in urban cities. While urban populations were higher than rural populations during the emergence of the Chicago school, the difference lies in the social construct of recent urban cities. Conditions within some of these areas have improved in terms of adequate employment with competitive wages and economic growth. Unfortunately, recent improvements in urban areas have resulted in increased poverty throughout rural and suburban areas (Kille, 2013). Although this was not the trend in the 1900’s, Chicago theories still maintain relevance in explaining recent urbanization. Urbanization tends to create weak attachments that contribute to social disorganization within a community, which potentially leads to crime (Lilly et al., 2015). Another relevant point about urbanization as it relates to Chicago theories is the idea that the poor are typically driven by their environment, thus, when applying this perspective, crime should be more prevalent throughout rural and suburban areas based upon the above
As a citizen living in the United States you are probably aware of increase of violent crimes happening in many of our communities. Nationwide, law enforcement made an estimated 12,196,959 arrests in 2012. Of these arrests, 521,196 were for violent crimes, and 1,646,212 were for property crimes (FBI. Gov., 2013). Many of Americans are finding themselves worried because of rise of unemployment and the U.S. economy. Normally as unemployment rises, city profits decrease because fewer people are paying taxes. This will usually cause cutbacks in city services including the police force. So a rise in criminal activity may not be due to fewer police, but rather rising unemployment hard economic times usually steer to an increase in crime, but what is happening across the U.S. now is absolutely stunning. Here in the United States, there are many communities where it is not safe to even go out at night, at times in my may be even in your own neighborhood. You may be even one of the millions that lock themselves in their own homes to try to keep crime away. It’s getting hard to just living your daily life because you are afraid of what kind of crime is going right outside the house you live. The sad thing is that crime will probably get even greater as our economic conditions continue fail. The question is what are the causes why so many of our citizens find themselves committing crime in our society? Do more men commit more crimes than women?