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Benefit of Therapeutic Communication
Principles of a person centred approach
Pros and cons of therapeutic alliance
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Recommended: Benefit of Therapeutic Communication
Introduction
This essay will consider the terms ‘the self-actualising tendency’ and ‘the fully functioning person,’ and how they tie in with Roger’s six necessary and sufficient conditions for constructive personality change (Rogers, 1957). The essay will incorporate theoretical published evidence to support my understanding of the essay question. A summation will be given at the end to conclude the essay.
1. Two persons are in psychological contact.
The Relationship:
“I am hypothesising that significant positive personality change does not occur except in a relationship.” (Rogers, 1990: 221) Rogers believed that great importance should be placed on the need for a minimal psychological meeting of minds to occur in order to bring about a positive degree of personality change. This relationship however minimal seems to be the foundation from where all the other conditions rise from. It appears this condition, which was described by Rogers as a ‘pre-condition,’ is of considerable importance, as any foundation is for growth. (Rogers, 1990)
1
When the client becomes used to being in the moment with the therapist, the client begins to see how they function within the relationship, it seems the most important thing during these transactions, is the felt sense by both parties that they are truly engaged in a real and open experience. The essence of the experience appears to be more important than the actual words spoken, it is the quality and depth of the experience that seems to bring about the freedom to let go, releasing emotions that have been trapped inside, without fear of judgment or criticism. It appears that as the client begins the journey to search out their inner needs, and set aside other people’s values, the actua...
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...ered framework’ in S. Koch (ed.), Psychology: A study of a science. Volume. 3. Formulations of the person and the social context. New York: McGraw Hill
Rogers, Carl R. (1963) "The actualizing tendency in relation to ‘motives’ and to consciousness." In Nebraska symposium on motivation. Ed. Marshall R. Jones. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press
Rogers, C. R. (1967) On Becoming a Person: A therapist’s view of psychotherapy. London: Constable
Rogers, C. R. (1980) A Way of Being. New York: Houghton Mifflin
Rogers, C.R. (1986a) Rogers, Kohut, and Erickson. Person-centred review, 1(2),
125-140
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Rogers, C. R. (1990) The Carl Rogers reader. London: Constable
Tolan, J. (2012) Skills in person-centred counselling and psychotherapy.
London: SAGE Publications Ltd
Vincent, S. (2005) Being empathic, a guide for counsellors and therapists. Oxon: Radcliffe Publishing Ltd
Myers, David G. “Chapter 14: Social Psychology.” Psychology. 10th ed. New York, NY US: Worth
This essay will explore one of the possible combinations of theories on personality and explain how it can be applied in practical therapy.
Frager, R., & Fadiman, J. (2006). Personality and Personal Growth . Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall .
Munsey, Christopher. “A long road back”. Monitor on Psychology. 38.6. June 2007. 34. PSYARTICLES. Web. 5 March 2014.
I pay particular attention to enactments, which expose intra-psychic dynamics between the therapist and client, as opportunities for relational remodeling. Combining these IST and attachment, a client can reintegrate affective responses and relational needs through mutual recognition in the therapeutic relationship. Furthermore, both approaches delve into the subjective and embodied processes of both client and therapist, which allows me to integrate interventions like mindfulness, deep breathing, DBT skills, and other behavioral coping skills that work in conjunction with the relational processes to empower clients to stabilize, regulate, and develop new ways to relate interpersonally. The use of these interventions are particularly helpful when working with clients with severe and chronic mental illnesses as it creates a safe, relational holding space for clients to develop necessary coping skills, especially when the therapy is
Person-Centred Counselling established its origins in the late 1940 during a conference when Carl Rogers gave a talk entitled ‘New Concepts in Psychotherapy’. The summarisation of the talk resulted in the theory that the client in a counselling relationship should be at the center of the relationship and lead the counselling process. The Client, in effect became the expert on their life and/or problems. The fundamental belief is that an individual is capable of change, growth and fulfillment (self-concept). Person-Centred counselling looks at ‘the here and now’ and how to make changes that affect the future. Person-Centred Counselling generated a system known as the ‘Core Conditions Model’ which emphasized three key components: Empathy, Congruence and Acceptance.
To explain, the client should not be inferior to the counselor; the environment should be two people discussing an issue and ways to make a difference. A therapist should occasionally share similar experiences; therefore, sessions should make clients feel comfortable. To add, the client should feel safe due to the positive atmosphere the therapist brings to the session. The goal is to finally give the client a chance to be heard, regularly people are muted and feel like they are insignificant to society. Similarly, to Person-centered therapy where communication with the client is unconditionally positive. The therapist needs to genuinely care about the client needs for them to fully express themselves successfully. Furthermore, clients should be encouraging to make their own choices which model how to identify and use power responsibly. Hence, this will help the client feel more confident in everyday life when making a meaningful
Rogers, C. (1957) The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change, Journal of Consulting Psychology, Volume 21, Pages 95-103.
Current research implies that an empathetic clinician-client relationship and interrelated ecosystems play the majority role in the success of therapy (Kilpatrick & Holland, 2009). The clinician’s ability to be present and actively perceive what the client is experiencing is of utmost importance in creating a therapeutic alliance. It is imperative that the clinician gains positive regard towards the client and their environment displaying honest acceptance towards the client no matter what issues are presented in session. This closely relates to a sincere presentation of genuineness that instills a feeling of honesty within the client and clinician (Kilpatrick & Holland, 2009). An experienced clinician builds upon the therapeutic
Erik Erickson’s eight stages of psychosocial development is argumentatively one of the best theories to explain how human beings should healthily develop from infancy to late adulthood. Every stage of the theory must be successfully completed for optimal human personality growth. Stages that are not successful completed may result in reoccurring problems throughout one’s lifespan. Every stage is broken down by a psychosocial crisis, each with a conflicting matter that must be resolved. If the person fails to resolve this conflict, they will carry the negative trait into every remaining stage of life. Furthermore, if the person successfully resolves the conflict, they will carry the positive trait into every remaining
Magnavita, J. J. (2002). Theories of personality: Contemporary approaches to the science of personality. New York: Wiley.
McAdams, D. P. (2009). The person: An introduction to the science of personality psychology (5th ed.). Hoboken, N.J: Wiley.
Applying the tenets of this theory to personality, Skinner felt that our environment and society shapes who we are and the personality traits that we develop. Instead of changing our internal response...
Alfred Adler directed his attention to searching for immediate results to the issues of the patient. The assumption of Adler’s individual psychology is that social factors and goals for the future are the motivating factors in human behavior. It was Adler’s position that people needed to have a sense or a feeling of belonging and that belonging was tied to their social ties (Ferguson, 2010). Individual psychology also makes the assumption that individuals are conscious of their thoughts and feelings and are personally responsible for how they respond or behave in a given situation (Overholser, 2013). Alfred Adler contributions to the theory of personality centered on the importance of society. Adler felt that as humans, individuals are all connected together and through that
Mcclelland, David C. "Toward a Theory of Motive Acquisition." American Psychologist 20.5 (1965): 321-33. Web.