The Saltpeter War (1879-1883), more commonly known as the War of the Pacific, is the conflict involving three South American countries (Chile, Bolivia and Peru) that grew out of the dispute between Chile and Bolivia over control of a part of the Atacama Desert, an area rich with deposits of nitrates and guano. Chilean business enterprises, which were mainly responsible for developing the area, thought their interests were at risk when Peru nationalized all nitrate mines in Tarapaca, and the Bolivian government imposed a 10-cent tax on the Antofagasta Nitrate & Railway Company in order to make profit and take advantage of the increasing income of the region. Chile’s involvement in the war was economically focused due to the recent deterioration in its wheat, copper, and silver exportation demand in 1873. With this ruling made by the Bolivian government to increase taxes on Chilean companies, and threats to confiscate land further alluding to continued economic depletion, Chile saw it a necessity to engage in conflict in order to gain ownership of the new wealth in nitrate. It was because of this decision to go to war with a united Bolivia and Peru that Chile was able to enter the 20th Century with a sustained economy.
National borders had not been finalized until 1866, when Bolivia and Chile had negotiated a treaty establishing the 24th parallel as the permanent boundary. The treaty also entitled both countries to share in tax revenue on the mineral resources of the territory between the 23rd and the 25th parallels.1 The Atacama Desert lied between the 23rd and 26th Parallels on the Pacific Coast of South America within the Peruvian province of Tarapacá and the Bolivian province of Litoral. In 1874, Bolivia became exasperated ...
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...crative mineral income. With the seizure of the natural products the Chilean national treasury was able to grow by 900% from 1879-1902 mainly due from the taxes of the acquired land.12 From 1902-1921 Chilean ownership of the nitrate grew from 15% to 51%, and established Chile and a global contributor in the nitrate industry.13
Chile was able to increase production rates and its national treasury in an 18 year time period after the Saltpeter War. The war’s benefits allowed Chile to expand itself as a nation, allowing for more control of the South American continent. With the control of the nitrate industry and neighboring countries, Chile was able to establish itself as an economic threat. With national treasury up by 900%, and the and major land control with valued natural resource income, Chile entered the 20th Century with dependent but sustaining economy.
The depression in the 1930’s in the country of Argentina was one of the most devastating internationally. In 1929, Argentina had the fourth highest gross domestic product; however a few short months later, this would no longer be considered the case. Considering that the economy heavily depended on foreign trade for daily essential produces, the economy was deficient of vital goods and thus lacked important industry. Mainly dependent on the foreign capital from Great Britain at the time, domestic industry was severely affected by the market crash due to the halt of British domestic capital investment. Through the Domino Effect, mass and widespread unemployment was a major and constant theme in the Argentinian culture at the time. This further affected the government revenue dropped significantly as the export of the country faulted investment and imports were decreased exponentially due to the international depression. As a result of the decline in national revenue, grand deficits began to appear. To repair the shortage of the countries’ profits, the government began to borrow mo...
The battle of San Pasqual was one of the many battles fought against Americans to protect their land. The greedy American government was determined to conquer California from Mexico and make it part of the union. The mass migration of immigrants caused the widespread of people to flee south.
Salvador Allende promised to redistribute Chile's income (only two percent of the population received forty-six percent of the income), nationalize major industries (especially the copper companies), and to expand relations with socialist and communist countries. Allende's presidency presented a threat to the United States; a man with such aspirations would have to stray from United States policies and the policies of all other countries. Allende would neither respect nor consider the work the United States had done for them in the past. The United States would no longer be able to act as a parasite, sucking the money out of Chile. The U.S. decided it must stop this man from rising to power as soon as possible.
Over the years, the United States faced many economic downfalls. There were so many downfalls that a lot of people actually thought that by the end of World War II in 1945, the Great Depression would return. However, it was a completely different story. By the time World War II ended, the United States was booming with success, especially Colorado. Colorado’s growth and economic success had actually passed up the nation as a whole. Colorado’s success would then last for forty years.
Rodríguez, Ana Patricia. 2009. Dividing the Isthmus: Central American transnational histories, literatures & cultures. U.S.: University of Texas Press, 130-167
World War II was a horrific time in not only in the United States, but throughout the entire world. There were horrendous things going on in Europe at this time. World War II began in 1939. The Battle of Midway had a great impact on World War II. The Battle of Midway was a battle between America and Japan; Germany was not involved in this. By examining why Japan attempted to take control over Midway, Japan’s plan, and the battle itself, a connection can be made to The Battle of Midway and its effects on World War II. The Battle of Midway was a huge part in World War II.
In the movie Pacific Rim, the Jaeger challenges our conception as act of subject individual beings. In Pacific Rim, the Jaeger is made up of networks of identities. Jaegers are cybernetic unions of humans and machinery. Therefore, the battle between Jaeger and Kaiju is not merely individual vs Kaiju but it’s actually team vs Kaiju. I argue in this paper that the success of the Jaeger is the collaboration among humans, machines and the social order and not solely the individual Jaeger. This is important because one usually does not value the social type of subjectivity, but values the individual. Pacific Rim resists the narrative that the individual who emerges is victorious, instead helps one recognize the importance of the dependency on the
War.” The actions that sparked their new revolution occurred on the eve of Peru’s first
This war took place between Ecuador and Peru the war had nothing to do with the war in the Pacific or Europe. The two countries were fighting over a piece of land and who had ownership. Peru had a much larger and more advanced military so they had no problem brushing off the small Ecuadorian army. No one knows who actually started the war, some believe the Ecuadorian army seized a small town in Peru and that’s when tensions flared, now it was just a matter of when the war would actually start. That day was July 05, 1941 and Peru had no problem seizing multiple towns in Ecuador. Peru’s success during the war was not a surprise to anyone; they outnumbered the Ecuadorian army 4 to 1 and had advanced military equipment. Ecuador’s army was poorly equipped with antique weapons and horse artillery from the 19th century. Ecuador’s army consisted of poorly equipped infantry and irregular soldiers that knew they had no chance but they still fought. Ecuador’s forces could not compare to Peru’s military, the soldiers were equipped with French uniforms had weapons from the First World War and even acquired two light tanks from Czech. On top of a more advanced military they also had multiple P-64 fighters that they converted into bombers. After 4 weeks of fighting Peru was decimating Ecuador pushing further and further into Ecuador seizing Cities, towns and villages. President Roosevelt brought the two
During the last 40 years of the nineteenth century the United States became the worlds greatest economic power. The rapid rate of economic growth happened for a
After the conclusion of the Civil War and the Reconstruction, the American economy rapidly increased as it developed in the Second Industrial Revolution. Between the time periods of 1800 to 1914, the United States had a massive increase in newly introduced natural resources that was involved with the new territory. New markets opened up a whole new economy and inventions that helped distribute these new manufactured goods were introduced. Innovations in transportation that included roads, steamboats, railroads and canals helped link isolated communities and distribute the new production of goods across the United States. American interior could be shipped directly to the Atlantic and could b...
American foreign policy directed and influenced its activities in Chile. United States although contradicted its firm belief of democr...
Driven by a failing home economy and immense Chinese demand, the Spanish quickly transformed the makeup of the small mining community. Neglecting sustainable practices, the whole of Potosi became consumed by a production oriented economy, at the direct expense of the local community and ecosystem. In the face of this ecological destruction, wealth flowed from the veins of Cerro Rico, providing the world the first widely available and universally acknowledged system of value, the Spanish silver Reales. Suddenly creditors and debtors alike were able to finance and expand their businesses to new frontiers, where un-commodified land and labor provided the perfect opportunity for wealth
In Mike Judge’s movie Office Space, the main character Peter is a cog in the bureaucratic wheel. He works a middling job for several different bosses, none of who care about him on any personal or emotional level. The system functions smoothly, allowing the business to operate efficiently and effectively. These corporations, like a government bureaucracy are compartmentalized, impersonal, and utilitarian. Every component of every department works toward the goal of efficiency and development. Consequently, the bureaucracy represents the culmination and manifestation of Western business ideal. Ultimately, the bureaucracy is successful when its members relinquish their own personal identity in favor of the bureaucratic ideal. Although these organizations have a significant importance in a society that values efficiency, punctuality, and materialism, the reality is that these values of Western progress are not embodied throughout the world. Other cultures have and maintain beliefs independent from this mindset. In Epeli Hau’ofa’s novel Tales of the Tikongs, the island of Tiko is a uniquely Pacific land that is the subject of a new development effort by the United Kingdom. In the name of progress, the imperialists attempt to modernize a culture they consider “native” (5). Although the Western imperialists claim these efforts are for the benefit of the Tikongs, through an analysis of the bureaucratic institutions in the stories “The Seventh and Other Days” and “The Glorious Pacific Way”, the true purpose of development is exposed to be the pacification of Pacific culture.
I don’t believe the Philippine War was justified. There are more ways than war to solve the annexation of the Philippines. I agree on some of the policies, but not all of the policies, that were in place during that time period.