INTRODUCTION Poultry meat is by far the most accepted food product worldwide. The microbiological safety and quality of the meat are equally important to producers, retailers and consumers, and both involve microbial contaminants on the processed product. Two quite different groups of microorganisms are relevant: on the one hand certain foodborne pathogens, and on the other, organisms that are generally harmless to human health, but, being psychotropic, are able to multiply on the product during chill storage. Spoilage results mainly from off'-odour development, and product shelf-life is resoluted both by the number of spoilage organisms present initially and the temperature history of the product at all stages of production and subsequent storage and handling (Pooni and Mead, 1984). Contamination of poultry meat with foodborne pathogens remains an important public health issue, because it can show the way to illness if there are malpractices in handling, cooking or post-cooking storage of the product. In developed countries, foodborne illness causes human suffering and loss of productivity, and adds significantly to the costs of food production and healthcare. It is also a possible cause of mortality, which is even more of a problem in developing regions, where the health status of many individuals is already compromised. The problem is exacerbated by modern conditions of intensive rearing, where large numbers of birds are kept together, and high-rate processing, in which carcasses remain in close proximity throughout the operation. Such conditions favour the spread of any pathogens that may gain access to the flock. Moreover, the use of antimicrobials in poultry production, whether for prophylactic, therapeutic or performanc... ... middle of paper ... ...ed during food processing, including heat, salt, an activated lactoperoxidase system, and surface-active agents (Leyer and Johnson, 1993). In the present investigation, enumerate the bacterial population on chicken meat which collected in different location and control of E. coli and S. aureus by acetic acid, lactic and citric acid. AIM AND OBJECTIVE The objective of the study can be summarized as follows. 1. Isolation and identification of E. coli and S. aureus from poultry meat in different slaughtering house of Namakkal district 2. Evaluation of chemical food preservatives for their antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus 3. Study on the minimum inhibitory concentration of acetic acid on E. coli and S. aureus 4. Evaluate and compare the effectiveness of organic acid treatment in reducing E. coli and S. aureus on chicken meat surfaces.
Reducing the risk of salmonellosis from these farms would include food safety practices such as: washing eggs and hands thoroughly, making sure that the farm is kept in good condition, feeding the chickens good food, and using fresh water
The next day, 100 µL of an overnight culture of Salmonella growth will be transfer onto the center of a Petri plate containing tryptic soy agar where taken out from refrigerator. Sprea...
Many say that history repeats itself, and throughout history, the spread of food-borne diseases has been constantly threatening humans. Salmonella, a disease which attacks numerous people a year, has returned, infected, and put people under panic of what they are eating. According to Foodborne Diseases, it is stated that “Salmonella comprises a large and diverse group of Gram-negative rods. Salmonellae are ubiquitous and have been recovered from some insects and nearly all vertebrate species, especially humans, livestock, and companion animals” (Gray and Fedorka-Cray 55). Because of the flexibility and the ability to reproduce rapidly, this infamous disease still remains as one of the most common threats in our society as well as an unconquerable problem that humans face these days.
...ood to above 60 degrees C and storing food below 7.2 degees C are two effective ways of controling S. aureus growth in food. The most important recent epidemiological information concerning this organism involves the increasing resistance to antibiotics. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is the most common of these antibiotic resistant organisms. The effects of MSRA are the same as any other S. aureus infection, however, MSRA infections are a difficult to treat because there are few effective antibiotics available. MSRA infections are generally not life threatening, however in some extreme cases death can occur.
"Record-High Antibiotic Sales for Meat and Poultry Production." pewhealth.org. The Pew Charitable Trust, 6 Feb. 2013. Web. 20 May 2014. .
Infection with C. perfringens as a food-borne illness is acquired from consumption of food or water that has come in contact with the bacterium. Some possibilities include unwashed fruits and vegetables, undercooked me...
...e of bacterial contamination of raw materials subject to environmental pollution, sterilization is not complete, improper storage methods and unsanitary operations.
However, health concerned organizations want to ban the use of these products due to the increasing fears that they can cause harm to the consumers. For over 50 years, antibiotics have been added to the food of animals such as poultry, cattle and pigs. The main purpose for doing so is to lower the risk of disease in animals. Farm animals are housed together in overcrowded areas, which are very dirty. The hygiene level can get to such a poor state that they are often in contact with their own excreta as well as excreta of the other animals they are housed with and because of tight single air space they share, the likelihood of catching diseases from one another is further increased and very often a whole heard can be infected at one time.
However, scientist have begun to find that farm animals such as chickens have bacteria in their food that has resisted even the strongest antibiotics. This is extremely worrying because animals such as chickens, cows and pigs are consumed by people. Which means that if the animals is infected, the infection can pass to the human population. For now these bacterias are harmless but the problem still remains; what would happen if out animal food supply is infected and we are unable to cure it?
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The most commonly recognized food borne infections are those caused by the bacteria Campylobacter, Salmonella, and E. coli 0157:H7, and by a group of viruses called Calicivirus, also know as the Norwalk viruses. “Thousands of types of bacteria are naturally present in our environment, but not all bacteria cause disease in humans.” (Schmutz 1)
Each and every year millions of people become sick because of food poisoning and other food related illnesses. Many of these illnesses can easily be prevented by properly cooking and handling food in the kitchen. Unfortunately, many people around the world are unaware of the consequences that can occur from contaminated and undercooked food. It is important for every individual who is planning on making a meal in their life (virtually everyone) to understand how to properly prepare their meal.
Bare hand contact with ready-to-eat food is not allowed because this will transfer the viruses, bacteria or parasites from hands to the food. Besides that, hair in food also can be a source of bacterial and microbial contamination. Thus, brushing or combing hair is not allowed during food preparation. Hair should be tied and covered where necessary to ensure a good food product integrity. Moreover, jewellery and plain wedding band should not be worn because this kind of things can carry the bacteria. Furthermore, especially for the food handler in food industry, smoking, spitting, eating and drinking are not allowed in the food handling or storage area. This is because saliva which could contaminate the food would be generated through these action. In addition, food handlers should put on the clean outer clothing like aprons during handling the food in order to minimize the contamination. Moreover, if food handler have cuts or wounds, should be make sure that they are completely covered by a brightly coloured and waterproof wound strip. Bright coloured of wound strip is used so that it can been seen easily if it is
Food-borne illnesses fall into two categories, intoxicant and infections. An understanding of the causes and preventions will limit any contaminations. The food preparation process emcompresses the sanitation process from
Food is a product that is rich with nutrient and can be contaminated with exposed to major source such as water, air, dust, sewage, insects and rodent (Oi Nee and Norrakiah, 2011). As a food handler they need to handle the changes in preparation techniques and food production because the fact remains whereby food is the source for microorganism which can cause illness (Oi Nee and Norrakiah, 2011).