The Role of the BEF in the Failure of the Schlieffen Plan

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The Role of the BEF in the Failure of the Schlieffen Plan

Introduction:

The Role of the British Expeditionary Force (the B.E.F.) was an in

important contributing factor to the failure of the Schlieffen Plan,

but not the only one. The French's Plan XIV, the out of date

Schlieffen plan itself, and the role of the Belgian army all were

contributing factors that together resulted in the failure of

Germany's Schlieffen Plan.

The Background:

Germany had anticipated war for a long time, and in 1905 the German

Chief of Staff, Alfred von Schlieffen devised a short, decisive plan

to win it. The biggest problem with Germany's location was that it was

in between France and Germany. In a European war, the Germans knew

they could not, and so would have to avoid, dividing their forces and

fighting a war on two fronts.

Consequently, von Schlieffen's plan counted on Russia's inability to

mobilise - he estimated it would take them 6 weeks to do so. Thus, to

avoid a war on two fronts, the Schlieffen Plan meant 90% of the German

army would cross rapidly through neutral Belgium, and like a scythe

advance through northern France past the French army and

fortifications on the French/German border, and take Paris and the

French army from behind.

After France's defeat, the German army could march back through

Germany to fight Russia. With France gone, von Schlieffen thought the

Russians would be both terrified and their morale would be down, and

that Russia would be easily crushed.

Unfortunately for the Germans, what actually happened was quite

different. Many factors von Schlieffen had counted on did not go as he

had planned, for ...

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...he

causes were linked together.

The role of the BEF was a very important factor in the failure of the

Schlieffen plan for two main reasons. Firstly, the Schlieffen plan had

not counted on meeting the BEF at all, and their morale decreased

after facing such well trained troops, and the fact that the BEF gave

the French army time to stop the German army at Marne. If the BEF

weren't there, the Germans, regardless of whether they marched around

to the west or straight to the east of Paris, could have taken both it

and the French army from behind resulting in the overall success of

the Schlieffen plan.

In the end, the Schlieffen plan really did fail. It ended up with

exactly the opposite it had intended. It ended up with a stalemate and

leaving Germany fighting a war on both sides which it would eventually

lose.

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