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The Power and Problem of Religious Symbols: A Need for Change
What it is a symbol? A symbol is most understandably defined by The American Heritage New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy as “something that represents or suggests something else… often takes the form of words, visual images, or gestures that are used to convey ideas and beliefs”. This definition is pretty self explanatory, it not only emphasizes the functional purpose of a symbol, that of being solely representative of something else, but also suggests that a symbol is not complete in itself - it makes a comparison by pointing to something else. Symbols are metaphors; they help us to better understand those things that humans can quite put into words, in doing this they serve as life guides, as they help us to express and shape world views (Christ 139).
Individuals in modern society often treat symbols - religious, cultural and otherwise - as absolute, often ignoring or forgetting the representative aspect of them. When combined with the patriarchy dominating and influencing our society, this is where the primary problem with symbols starts. In feminist theology, religious symbols and their respective associations, pose a great problem not only to the advancement of women’s right, but to the struggle for the equal representation of their voice, and rightly so, their experience. The role of feminist theologians in the recovery of an authentic God-language can only be achieved if there is a significant change from the male dominated religious symbolisms.
Jung believed that essential to the meaning of a symbol is the “ability to express more than could be put into words” (Christ 136). Religious symbols are probably the most powerful of all symbols. According to Jung ...
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...isco, 1989. 128-38.
Gross, Rita. "Female God language in a Jewish context." Womanspirit rising: a feminist reader in religion. Ed. Carol P. Christ and Judith Plaskow. New York: HarperOne, 1992. 167-73. 1976.
Isasi-Diaz, Ada Maria. "Defining our Proyecto Historico: Mujerista Strategies for Liberation." Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion 9 (1993): 17-28.
Mcfague, Sallie. "God as mother." Weaving the visions: New patterns in feminist spirituality. Ed. Judith Plaskow and Carol P. Christ. San Francisco: HarperSan Francisco, 1989. 139-50.
"Naming the Sacred." Weaving the visions: new patterns in feminist spirituality. Ed. Judith Plaskow and Carol P. Christ. San Francisco: HarperSan Francisco, 1989. 95-96.
Plaskow, Judith. "The right question is theological." On being a Jewish feminist: a reader. Ed. Susannah Heschel. New York: Schocken Books, 1983. 223-33.
Kubitschek, Missy Dehn. " Tuh de Horizon and Back: The Female Quest in Their Eyes Were Watching God." Modern Critical Lyotard, Jean-Francois. " Excerpts from The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge.
Shaw, Susan M., and Janet Lee. Women's Voices, Feminist Visions: Classic and Contemporary Readings. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2012. Print.
Ruether, Rosemary Radford. “The Normalization of Goddess Religion.” Feminist Theology: The Journal of the Britain & Ireland School of Feminist Theology 13.2 (2005): 151-157. Academic Search Premier. Web. 4 Nov. 2013.
Indinoplulos, Thomas A. and Knoppzadorsky, Josephine. Mysticism, Nihilism, Feminism. Institute of Social Sciences and Arts. Johnson City, Tennessee. 1984.
A symbol is an object used to stand for something else. Symbolism has a hidden meaning lying within it; these meanings unite to form a more detailed theme. Symbolism is widely used in The Scarlet Letter to help the reader better understand the deep meanings Nathaniel Hawthorne portrays throughout his novel. He shows that sin, known or unknown to the community, isolates a person from their community and from God. Hawthorne also shows this by symbols in nature around the town, natural symbols in the heavens, and nature in the forest.
Rampton, M. (2008). The Three Waves of Feminism . Retrieved from The Magazine of Pacific University.
Tong, R. & Williams, N. (2009) Feminist Ethics. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, CSLI, Stanford University. Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminism-ethics/.
Scholz, S. (2014). Feminist Scholarship on the Old Testament: Introduction. Available: http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195393361/obo-9780195393361-0020.xml. Last accessed 19th March 2014.
Despite the patriarchal society from the biblical days, God is taught as being just as much a Mother as God is a Father (102). The willful ignorance of religious scholars of the time just show that they were making a conscious effort of trying to keep women from retaining any power that they had. This relegation of religious roles in an effort to keep Men in power is a poor example of how Christianity is a religion which promotes for the love and care of all people, no matter their status. The interpretation of God from these times clash severely with my notions of what is now considered to be an all-loving entity. Women of these times were obviously not equal to their male counterparts. In modern days however, women are thought of as equals in society. The problem is that they are still not being treated as equals in a religious aspect as well as many other aspects.
Firstly, we must define what symbol means in terms of Geertz’s work. A symbol is a concrete version of an abstract concept, it may contain ideas, abstractions from experiences, hopes. For Geertz, symbols are in all perspectives of life (religion, science, common-sense etc.). These symbols are formed into sets which then become culture patterns, and these culture patterns affect people’s views and cause people to act in particular ways. This can be seen, for example, in a Christian society, where symbols such as the Christian cross, doves and fishes all come together to create a culture
“Today I appeal to the whole Church community to be willing to foster feminine participation in every way in its internal life. This is certainly not a new commitment, since it is inspired by the example of Christ himself….nevertheless, he also involved women in the cause of his kingdom; indeed he wanted them to be the first witnesses and heralds of his resurrection. In fact, there are many women who have distinguished themselves in the Church’s history by their holiness and hardworking ingenuity.”
A symbol is an object, action, or event that represents something or that creates a range of associations beyond itself. In literary works a symbol can express an idea, clarify meaning, or enlarge literal meaning. Select a novel or play and, focusing on one symbol, write an essay analyzing how that symbol functions in the work and what it reveals about the characters or themes of the work as a whole. Do not merely summarize the plot. (2009 Open-Ended Question for AP English Literature and Composition).
Peterson, Linda H. "What Is Feminist Criticism?" Wuthering Heights. Ed. Linda H. Peterson. Boston: Bedford Books, 1992. 330-337.
One Catholic thinker that supported the idea that Catholicism supports feminism as was Pope John Paul II who proclaimed himself as “the feminist pope.” He believes that society should see sexual difference as good because it is part of our divine order and it does not diminish women’s participation in humanity. In addition, he calls to honor and celebrate the “feminine genius” in all aspects of society, including the great good of motherhood. Our embodiment as male or female shows the goodness of God’s creation and gives us direction. This supports ‘the radical idea that women are human beings’ because it affirms the dignity of women and shows that women have important roles that should be recognized.
The attempt for feminist movement dates back to the early 1800’s, where women were not considered equal to that of a man in religious contributions. If women did not belonged to a rich class, they had no privileges or the will to think freely. Around the 19th century religion gained some popularity amongst the general women population. The goal for the religious feminists was to change how their roles were perceived in the church life. Their aim was to create an image that would shape their role in the church and hope the outcome would positively influence their quality of life at home. This motivation for change created two feminist camps, egalitarians and complementarianism. Egalitarians were feminist camps, focused on equality. The Democratics Socialist Perspective belief was ...