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Centralization and decentralization in ottoman history
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The Ottoman Empire reached the peak of its power in the 1500s. While other empires were experiencing their downfalls, the Ottoman Empire’s power seemed to be increasing. In fact, this empire can be ranked as the strongest power due to its tactical internal organization of power, minorities, and religion, due to its physical expansion which provided more resources, more advancements, and more people to support the empire, and due to its large military strength that provided security, reduced rebellion, and challenged the other powers. The Ottoman Empire can be classified as the strongest power in 1500 because of its strategic approach to the allocation of power, the acceptance of minorities, and the use of religion to unite the empire. The way power is divided within a country is very important. If the population has no control, they will feel the need to rebel, and if power is divided too greatly, the problem of rivalry and internal wars occur. The Ottoman Empire was able allocate powers in a way that both diverted the need for rebellion, as well as in a way that united the empire. Uniting power is an important aspect that helps a country remain stable; Europe, for example, was constantly experiencing instability due to the conflicts in power: monarchs were persistently threatening one another, and there was a disconnect in religious leaders (such as having three popes at one time, each with their own opinions and beliefs). The Ottoman Empire, however, did not experience such instability, as power was more successfully divided within the empire: it was always given to a single person in order to avoid rivalries. In fact, a single family ruled for seven centuries without any conflict. (BBC) As well, the millet system un... ... middle of paper ... ...iority in military strength (it had the largest military, succeeded in the most seizures such as that of Constantinople, and the monopoly of trade), and superiority in stability and unity (a successful establishment and administration discouraged uprising and conflict). Every power must, at some point fall; that is history’s most repeated lesson. There is no evidence yet of a nation that did not fall victim to changing times; even North American capitalism is experiencing such alteration because of the rise of Chinese potential. The true measure of success, however, is what comes out of this downfall: what is learnt from it, and what is done to re-unit the power once again. Works Cited Kennedy, Paul M. The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. New York, NY: Random House, 1987. Print. "Ottoman Empire (1301-1922)." BBC News. BBC, 04 Sept. 2009. Web. 27 Mar. 2014.
The failure of defensive development in Egypt, the Ottoman Empire, and Persia had a large and long-lasting effect on the Muslim world. The original goal of the reforms was to end European intervention, revive the weakening empires, and to be on equal standing with Europe. Yet, all three empires over-utilized the wealth and knowledge of Europe, leading to their ultimate demise. The empires wished to impose reforms in the military, economics, education, and law which the region had not experienced previously. This resulted in backlash, violence, and division within the empires eventually leading to bankruptcy, ironically, to those which they wished to separate themselves.
The declines of the Ottoman and Qing Empires both had commonalities in their downfall such as corruption in the government, weak armies, and debt to the Europeans, though the main reasons for the collapse of the empires are alike the way that the problems developed are dissimilar. While both the Qing and the Ottoman were in completely separate locations both had government officials that abused their positions of power and brought down the economic standing of the empire as whole. Ottoman rule was at is peak during the sixteenth century and they stayed in that era, as did the Qing, the military advancements that had occurred were not followed by these empires causing them to be utterly defenseless in war. Finally due to the fact that the Ottoman and Qing had no way to protect themselves form the European, the British and French gave them loans or crops that force them into economical strife because they could not pay back the money they had borrowed. All of theses manipulations caused by their governments and the European nations drove to the outcome of two historic leaderships to disband.
Burbank and Cooper in their book Empires in World History portray the evolution of power and the development of different states. They elaborate on how powerful cities and states imposed their rules and waged conquest on surrounding territories. Political dynasties developed strongly among states inspired by religious, politic and economic trends. The Han dynasty of China and the Imperial Rome were some of the powerful states that developed during the third century. The two states adopted different strategies and ideas in developing of their emperor. The Roman, for instance, developed a more advanced for of governance as opposed to the Han. Their system of governance emerged as an expensive identity around the Mediterranean. These two empires controlled and conquered their territory in unique and different ways that made them strong and remarkable during their heyday.
5 Robert H. Ferrell, America as a World Power, 1872-1945, (New York: Harper & Row
The Ottoman Empire was one of the longest running empires in history, spanning 624 years. The women of the Ottoman empire were often limited to the household of their husband’s and held back by Ottoman lawmakers and authorities. The point of view of outsiders was varied, but there were both positive and negative views.
In 1462, Vlad launched a campaign against the Turks along the Danube River, even though they had a more powerful military force under the command of Sultan Mehmed II. Even though the sultan’s ar...
Ebel, Kathryn A. "Representations of the Frontier in Ottoman Town Views of the Sixteenth Century." Imago Mundi 60, no. 1 (January 2008): 1-22. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed April 20, 2011).
3. Kennedy, Paul “The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers” Random House: New York, NY 1987
Ultimately, European influence played a fundamental role in the shaping of the Ottoman Empire and Egypt during the 18th and early 19th century. It’s influence was most significant through government, economic, and military influence but its effects reverberated throughout society. Western influence was much less significant in Iran, primarily due to the fragmented nature of governorship in the region.
The Ottoman Empire were Muslims and included Hungary, Syria, Egypt, Bulgaria, and Albania, and they marched on land. The Ottoman Empire is said to have first appeared somewhere around the 1300’s, and can be related to the decline of the Byzantine Empire. They began conquering Christian lands and by the late 1600’s all Christians were afraid of the “terrible Turk”. It is no wonder that many other people were afraid of the Ottoman Empire since they seem to be really rather powerful and they conquered a lot of land. It was in the 1330’s when the Morroccan Abu Abdallah Ibn Battuta passed through Constantinople and became impressed with the Ottomans who seemed to be gaining power rather quickly, he noticed that they had close to 100 forts and
There is a point of time in certain a country’s history where they become dominant and more powerful than ever before. During this elongated process a country becomes an empire. The British and the Ottomans were states that succeeded in this process, but becoming an empire such as theirs required vast amounts of political and social maneuvering to expand their boundaries, called imperialism. Imperialism is, “a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force”. By becoming a modern nation enjoying economic prosperity and political stability, the British and the Ottomans created an imperialistic impact over the globe with distinctive motivations and approaches especially during the transition period of gaining ample amount power and influence globally.
At one time, the reforms made by the Young Turks worked well, but only for a short time. Overthrowing the tyranny of Hamid should have been enough to help establish a new government, but the triumvirate also became quite oppressive during their reign. Turkism established a new form of nationalism that left out various nationalities, races, and cultures, and this led to the decline of the empire. Following World War I, the empire was faced with so many conflicts, they were unable to remain strong. Even though the reformers set out to strengthen the empire, it is quite possible they are the reason for the fall of the Ottoman Empire.
Today, there are virtually no multinational states remaining and one would be hard-pressed to find a government that has remained in place since the pre-World War I era. In that sense, it is highly unlikely that the Ottoman Empire could have survived the tumultuous 20th Century. Nevertheless, it may have had a chance. If not for European intervention, Ottoman reforms may have succeeded. However, even with those reforms, they had to compete with the rise of nationalism, which would have been difficult.
Located in the province of Xianjing, the Uyghurs are isolated by massive mountains, deserts, Communist China, and extreme poverty. The Uyghurs are of Turkic origin, and were one of the 9 original tribes. One of these tribes, the Ottomans, sacked Constantinople in 1459, starting the rein of the Sultans for 400 years. The superpower carved a massive empire, from its roots in Turkey, to spread from the Russian steppes to the Alps to India, and stamping their name on history in blood. European history in the 1400‘s, 1500‘s, and 1600‘s centered on the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire and the Arabic people carved two massive empires in an extremely short time. They crushed the medieval christian kingdoms around Jerusalem, and quickly started attacking Christian kingdoms in Spain, Greece, and the Balkans. These conflicts between Muslims and Christians have been the longest and bloodiest in the history of the world, and still persist today. These Ottomans are, understandably, the most wel...
There are many strengths and weaknesses of empires for various reasons. An empire is a group of countries or state that are controlled by a foreign power or government. Empires will shape a society economic, political, and cultural development. There are two different types of empires by dominance or empires by hegemony. The benefits of an empire by dominance are dominating the productive farmlands and trade routes. Farming also known as agricultural began, “in West Asia around 9000 B.C.E”( Judge, Edward H., and John W. Langdon 25). Be able to dominate the productive farmlands and trade routes in West Asia could make an empire very wealthy and profitable.