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Ottoman success in world history
Rise and fall of the Ottoman empire
Modernization of the Ottoman empire
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While taking the class of Early Modern European History there was two states that really stuck out and peaked my interest the most. They were the Ottoman Empire and Early Modern Europe. If you compare and contrast both the Ottoman Empire and Early Modern Europe during the 16th Century through the 18th Century, you will see that there are a number of similarities as well as differences when you look at the expansion of the states. You will also see many of these contrasts as well when you look in terms of each states military and commerce. Although the Ottoman Empire existed before the 16th century and continued to exist past the 18th century and in great decline until the early 20th century, when looking at the state as a whole the time period of 1500’s through the 1700’s is a period of growth and strength. It is perhaps even known as a golden era for the state, when taking in to comparison the Early Modern Europeans where the same time period marks a change in how society thought and how people were treated. Prior to my research, there were two interesting articles that have struck my attention regarding the states and issues that are being discussed in this essay. The first article is A Survey of the Turkish Empire by Sir William Eton. In the article, Eton discusses his admiration of the glorious army that had once belonged to the Ottoman Empire. He describes the Turkish army as “formidable”, and organized. Eton tune quickly changes by criticizing their faults and ultimately what led to their demise. Eton states that “it is a mob assembled rather than an army levied.” This article had great impact because while researching the topic, I was able to better understand the role of the military in the Ottoman Empire. Anoth... ... middle of paper ... ...ern History Sourcebook:William Eton: Survey of Turkey 1799." FORDHAM.EDU. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1799Ottomans.html (accessed May 1, 2011). Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks, Early Modern Europe, 1450-1789 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 104 Ebel, Kathryn A. "Representations of the Frontier in Ottoman Town Views of the Sixteenth Century." Imago Mundi 60, no. 1 (January 2008): 1-22. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed April 20, 2011). Jaber , Kamel S. Abu . "The Millet System in the Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Empire." The Muslim World 57, no. 3 (1967): 212-223. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.14781913.1967.tb01260.x/abstract?globalMessage=0 (accessed April 28, 2011). Szostak, R. 1991. Role of transportation in the industrial revolution : A comparison of england and france. Montreal, QC, CAN: McGill-Queen's University Press.
The failure of defensive development in Egypt, the Ottoman Empire, and Persia had a large and long-lasting effect on the Muslim world. The original goal of the reforms was to end European intervention, revive the weakening empires, and to be on equal standing with Europe. Yet, all three empires over-utilized the wealth and knowledge of Europe, leading to their ultimate demise. The empires wished to impose reforms in the military, economics, education, and law which the region had not experienced previously. This resulted in backlash, violence, and division within the empires eventually leading to bankruptcy, ironically, to those which they wished to separate themselves.
Hooker, Richard. "The Ottomans: The 17th and 18th Centuries." Washington State University - Pullman, Washington. 1996. Web. 06 Apr. 2011. .
The Ottomans and Spanish built flourishing empires based on different philosophies from 1450 to 1800. The Ottoman and Spanish were two powerful empires during that time. During the building of the two empires, the Spanish and the Ottoman both developed similarities in their social, political, and economic structures. The Ottoman took control of Europe, while the Spanish saw it as easy to monitor new lands. The different tactics employed made the both empires flourish. For instance, the Spanish were not tolerant of religion. They conquered other areas with the aim of converting Christians to Islam, if they refused, they would be killed. On the other hand, the Ottoman leaders incorporated leaders of diverse culture
There were many important empires on the Eurasia continent; The Qing Dynasty, The Ming Dynasty, The Tokugawa Shogunate, The Mughal Empire, The Safavid Empire, The Russian Empire and The Ottoman Empire They all had their similarities and their differences and their influence on the modern day are strong. Two of the of the countries that shared many similarities but also had their differences where the Russian empire and the Ottoman empire.
From the 18th century through the beginning of the 19th century, European influence was a significant force in various aspects of the Ottoman Empire, Egypt, and Iran. Although the reforms, coined primarily by Gelvin as “defensive developmentalism,” were initially intended to centralize governmental control and strengthen the military, the actual effects were much broader. Based on varying pre-existing conditions and unique approaches to governorship, this process of modernization affected each region differently. This essay will explore the manners in which European influence shaped each territory, the primary areas of civilization, politics and culture that experienced reform, and the degree to which that influence was significant, or in the case of Iran, insignificant.
Transportation was a large factor in the market revolution. During the years of 1815 and 1840, there were many forms of improved transportation. Roads, steamboats, canals, and railroads lowered the cost and shortened the time of travel. By making these improvements, products could be shipped into other areas for profit (Roark, 260). Steamboats set off a huge industry and by 1830, more than 700 steamboats were in operating up and down the Ohio and Mississippi River (Roark, 261). Steamboats also had some flaws, due to the fact of deforesting the paths along the rivers. Wood was needed to refuel the power to the boat. The carbon emissions from the steamboats polluted the air (Roark, 261). The building of roads was a major connecting point for states. There were some arguments of who would pay for...
The Ottoman Empire were Muslims and included Hungary, Syria, Egypt, Bulgaria, and Albania, and they marched on land. The Ottoman Empire is said to have first appeared somewhere around the 1300’s, and can be related to the decline of the Byzantine Empire. They began conquering Christian lands and by the late 1600’s all Christians were afraid of the “terrible Turk”. It is no wonder that many other people were afraid of the Ottoman Empire since they seem to be really rather powerful and they conquered a lot of land. It was in the 1330’s when the Morroccan Abu Abdallah Ibn Battuta passed through Constantinople and became impressed with the Ottomans who seemed to be gaining power rather quickly, he noticed that they had close to 100 forts and
Imber, Colin. The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650: The Structure of Power. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.
Özcan, Azmi. "Empire, Ottoman." Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism since 1450. Ed. Thomas Benjamin. Vol. 1. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007. 407-416. World History in Context. Web. 30 Apr. 2014.
During its prime, the Ottoman Empire was one of the largest and most powerful empires in the entire world. Unfortunately for the Ottomans, various problems arose, and eventually the empire started to decline. This resulted in a period of reform, known as the Tanzimat. Between 1839 and 1876 numerous changes were made to the empire, but whether they were truly effective is still debated to this day.
Farr, James R. World Eras. Industrial Revolution in Europe, 1750-1914. Vol. 9. Detroit: Thomson Gale, 2003. 203-04. Print.
The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, transport, and technology had a profound effect in North America. The industrial revolution marked a major turning point in history because it changed every aspect of life in America and the country as a whole. People started replacing ploughs and other tools for machines that could do twice the work. While others moved to large cities and started working in factories and other businesses. Huge industries such as the textile, steel, and coal industry came out and had a profound effect on the industrial revolution but, they would not have been extremely successful if it was not for railroads. The railroads played a vital role in the development and success of other industries. The railroads triggered the biggest leap in transportation in history. Through technological and entrepreneurial innovations and the creation of steam-powered locomotives, the development of trains as public carriers of passengers and freight, brought forth the railroad. The railroad industry changed the nature of production because it became an important energy source that replaced human and animal power. Due to the important role of the railroads, workers became more productive, items were being shipped more quickly, and resources were becoming available to everyone including the working and middle class and not only the wealthy. The railroads became to be known as one of the biggest leaps of transportation in history. This is because it set up the next fifty years of America’s prosperity. The railroads became extremely popular and useful during the 1800’s to millions of people and other large companies. Although there were many indu...
...mpant Ottoman forces from gaining a strategic foothold in the central Mediterranean." History Today 57.1 (2007): 12+. World History in Context.
Justin McCarthy follows the typical positive outlook on the Westernization of the Ottoman Empire during the Tulip Era- citing the benefits such as the introduction of military school and the printing press and slightly insinuating that those who were opposed were conservatives who only wanted to stay to the purity of Ottoman tradition regardless of how less advanced they were than their Western counterparts. Vucinich on the other hand takes a more negative view, and cites the revolt of the poor as one of the many negative effects of the Westernization of the Ottoman Empire. Sajdi in her interpretation acknowledges that both of these interpretations do exist, but both tend to follow a general narrative without delving deeper into the background of Ottoman history and the efforts of Ahmed III and Damad Ibrahim. Sajdi in her interpretations takes a combination of the two and cites various historians’ account of the Tulip Era while arguing that all of these arguments only take a one-sided view without looking at the objectives that Ahmed III and Damad Ibrahim may have had in mind with the gradual Westernization of the Ottoman
The Ottoman Empire started as a small Turkish state and turned out to be something major. However, this Empire was one of the biggest empires in history. The Ottoman Empire had many problems along the way. The Ottoman Empire’s features and foundation lead to the growth, but the Empire still fell.