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Open systems interconnection model papers
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Intro The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model has significantly influenced the development of internet protocol we use today. Created in the 1980’s by the International Standards Organization (ISO), a multinational body dedicated to worldwide agreement on international standards, this reference model has defined the entire network communication process into seven structured layers. In ascending order these layers are the physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers. The purpose of this model was, and still is, to simplify and set a standard for the design of communication and networking products that can communicate with each other, regardless of system differences. Layer Functions The Open Systems Interconnection model breaks down host-to-host transmissions into seven different layers where each one performs a specific function. At the same time each layer has the ability to also communicate with adjacent layers in either direction. In essence each layer interacts directly with the layer below it and at the same time also provides support to the layer above it. 1. Physical Layer The first layer in the OSI model is the physical layer, which deals primarily with all of the hardware aspects of communication, essentially defining the standards for signaling and wiring. The main purpose of this layer is to handle the translation of binary bits in each frame into signals. And then transmit these signals one at a time over some physical medium connecting other network entities. On the receiving end, the physical layer will retrieve these individual signals and restore them to their bit representations before passing them up to the Data Link layer as a complete frame. Methods of ... ... middle of paper ... ...er applications may use, for example HTTP for web browsers or SMPT for e-mail. This layer is essentially responsible for integrating network functionality and providing network services to the user’s system, it is not involve any actual applications. Other standards set by the application layer include file transfer protocol (FTP), which is used to transfer files from one system to another. And domain name service (DNS) which is a network service that translates domain names to their IP addresses. Works Cited http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/osi-model-for-cisco-networking.html http://support.microsoft.com/kb/103884 http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/network-basics-the-seven-layers-of-the-osi-referen.html OSI Model Explained http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O_rsqVtaloI http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model http://www.webopedia.com/quick_ref/OSI_Layers.asp
The 802 committee and the OSI model both relate to one another. The OSI model shows how the layers of the internet are able to communicate and function with each other. While the 802 committee will add onto that by showing how network protocols should function. With that being said there are numerous working groups under the 802 committee however the one that I will be writing about is the 802.2 or the logical link control (LLC). The logical link control is in the 2nd layer (data-link) of the OSI model. The purpose of this protocol is flow and error control along with multiplexing and demultiplexing. How multiplexing works is by getting multiple data streams and combining them into one shared stream. This is mainly seen in the common forms
An example of a highly important protocol which will be utilized at application level, is HTTP or hypertext transfer protocol. HTTP is the protocol used within web browsers and the entire internet to send and receive specific web page data. HTTP is a controlling protocol, as it determines how documents should be sent, and what the browser should do in response to commands. When accessing a web page, a HTTP command is sent to the pages web server, so that the server may send that specific page’s data to the user. PCO’s Learning Centre will be using the hypertext transfer protocol on a regular basis. In order for students to access web pages, the HTTP must exist to ensure speedy and accurate navigation, especially in a learning
The internet works on the basis that some computers act as ‘servers’. These computers offer services for other computers that are accessing or requesting information, these are known as ‘clients’. The term “server” may refer to both the hardware and software (the entire computer system) or just the software that performs the service. For example, Web server may refer to the Web server software in a computer that also runs other applications or it may refer to the computer system dedicated only to the Web server applicant. For example, a large Web site could have several dedicated Web servers or one very large Web server.
OSI – Open Systems Interconnection - is reference model for how applications can communicate over a network. A reference model is a conceptual framework for understanding relationships.
MAC Layer Connections: Management connections and data transport connections are two connections in this layer. The management connections have three types: basic, primary, and secondary. A basic connection and primary connection are created for each MS when they join the network. A basic connection is used for short and urgent management message. And a primary connection is used for delay-tolerant management messages. The secondary connection is used for IP summarized management messages such as dynamic host configuration protocol [DHCP], and simple network management protocol [SNMP]. Transport connections can be provisioned or can be recognized on demand. They are used for user traffic flows. Unicast or multicast can be used for transmission.
Introduction The bus loosely defines as a digital path between resources and the processor of computer system. The bus provides an informational gateway or highway of wires, which allow binary signals to transmit to and from peripherals, memory, the central processing unit (CPU), and other components of a computer system. Due to these attributes, bus architecture divided into two major groups, frontside bus and peripheral bus. The frontside bus, also known as the system bus, facilitates all internal communication of binary signals from the CPU to memory and vice versa.
n.a. - n.a. - n.a. - n.a. - n.a. - A+E Networks. 2009. The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'. Web. The Web.
Transport—Transmission protocol that decides how messages will be sent between RosettaNet partners (HTTP is the default protocol).
A hierarchical topology is created similar to an extended star but instead of linking the hubs/switches together, the system is linked to a computer that controls the traffic on the topology. A mesh topology is used when there can be absolutely no break in communications, for example the control systems of a nuclear power plant. Each host has its own connections to all other hosts. This also reflects the design of the Internet, which has multiple paths to any one location.
There are three different physical networks, all existing in the same building and crossing paths but not communicating to each other. The main focus was on the general data network which is represented by the red lines in figure 4.1.
ErrealMedia (2010) Network standards OSI Reference Model; History of OSI Model; OSI Layers in Action http://www.erealmedia.com/cms125/
Networking is another way that advances in computer engineering and software has paved a way for the advancement of communication, industry, and our lives in general through technological advancements. Just as the utilization of fire and carving of the wheel gave us advantages over the perils of life, the networking of computers has brought an unreachable far off world closer to each and every one of us. First and foremost we are now able to nearly instantaneously share information with an unreachable world. The engineering that made this possible began not on some other planet, or from the depths of a holy shrine. But from the ingenuity of a partnership of companies that sought to find a reasonable (and soon profitable) solution to the proprietary incompatibility of emerging information system networks.
TCP/IP is a network model which enables the communication across the Internet. The most fundamental protocol on which the Internet is built. This is made up of the 2 common networking protocols, TCP, for Transmission Control Protocol, and IP, for Internet Protocol. TCP maintains and handles packet flow linking the systems and IP protocol has the ability to handle the routing of packets. However The TCP/IP stack consists of 5 layers first being application layer, the transport layer, then the network layer, the link layer and finally the physical layer. The assignment focuses on the three middle layers and is divided into five parts. Firstly explaining how the TCP and UDP the most vital protocols needed to deliver and communicate.
... middle of paper ... ... TCP/IP operates at levels 3 and 4 of the OSI model.