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Modern management theories
Contemporary approach in management
Management theory
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Management is commonly used in all organisation across the globe. It is very crucial and the best approach which is required to complete the work. Management consists of three objectives, one which includes reaching goals without having to pay too much expense with minimal amount of wastage produced (Olum, 2016). There are several evidence that suggests people during the pre-historic times followed simple principles of management (Pindur, 1995). Management has developed over the years and in order to maintain a stable organisation, different approaches are used and as the time goes by the theories in regards to management gets modified hence creates modern management theory. Management has been evolving in accordance to the new demands so, …show more content…
Scientific management is when the workers are living in a proper working environment, the workers are trained in order to enhance their skills, and they are also rewarded and support by their colleagues which leads to further positive outcomes in the working industry. Administrative management helps the company to plan, organise, control and lead better. The contingency approach is also very essential in modern management theory because the overall development of the work place depends upon each individual person as their thought and actions can vary from people to people. Modern managers are often referred to as the ones who have the ability to adapt to the different changes in the 21st century. They are meant to possess leadership qualities, good with technology, motivator and creates strategies globally. They are very vital for the growth of the organisations, the scientific and administrative management is the best way to get work done however, contingency has a huge role in contributing and adapting to the unique changes in the organisation. The theoretical framework of all three theories will be discussed in this …show more content…
Scientific management is known to be one of the most profitable theories. In this theory it is believed that working in a safe and supportive environment leads to stable work relationship and a gradual increase in cooperativeness leads to a good end result. Whereas, in comparison to administrator management where skills such as human relationship, financial stability and control. Both are very useful for modern theory as it helps improves and is beneficial to the organisation however, they are both made for very different reasons. Scientific management for instances improve the level of stability, efficiency and effectiveness in other words when the workers are happy with their working conditions then that would lead to an increase in the productivity levels (Schermerhorn et al. 2014). The downside behind this theory is that people are treated like machines as the workers will have to work harder and continue in the same pace. There is a limitation in this scientific theory, each individuals are expected to follow the task accordingly but in reality every person is different to one another so it cannot be expected that each person has the ability to do the same kind of thing. There are always going to be people that may not want to work in tough situations. If the workers have to face something more challenging than they are most likely to do well if they get an uplift from the managers and credibility for their
Edgar Allan Poe is one of the most celebrated literary authors of all time, known for writing very suspenseful, dramatic short stories and a poet; is considered as being a part of the American Romantic Movement, and a lesser known opinion is he is regarded as the inventor of the detective-fiction genre. Most recognized for his mystery and macabre, a journey into the dark, ghastly stories of death, deception and revenge is what makes up his reputation. The short story under analysis is a part of his latter works; “The Cask of Amontillado”, a story of revenge takes readers into the mind of the murderer.
The major change came through the work of Fredrick Winslow Taylor and his theory of scientific management system. It was not that Taylor was unique or completely new; only time and motion study could be put in that category. The trend was already moving towards systematic management such as formal management methods or by cost ...
Scientific management is a way that an organisation regulates their staff within a workplace. The theory behind this is accomplished by selecting the ‘best person for the best role’, who will undertake the training to train each worker to do a ‘specific role the right way’ (Frederick Taylor). This extracts the responsibility from the employee whilst handing over executive decisions to the employer to make strategic directions. Frederick Taylor required the managers to set the tasks for the employees in advanced and that each task was to be detailed to each employee, to be done in a certain way and completed by an exact time no less.
Management Theorists such as F.W Taylor created the concept of scientific management, which is made up of six key aspects including observation, experiment, standardisation, selection and training, payment by results and co-operation. Despite some facets of his theory becoming outdated, scientific management can still be seen in the some way in current business structures. For example within Virgin, despite its reputation for having a relaxed working environment, some aspects of scientific management are used. Such as the selection and training and payment by results, with certain employees being offered rewards for showing ambition to set up their own businesses and showing signs of creative thinking.
Since the end of the 19th century, when factory manufacturing became widespread and the size of organisations increased, people have been looking for ways to motivate employees and improve productivity. A need for management ideas arise which lead to classical contributors such as Frederick Taylor and Henri Fayol generating management theories such as Taylor’ Scientific Management and Fayol’s Administrative Management. In the late 1920’s and early 1930’s the Hawthorne studies were conducted where Elton Mayo was the predominate figure and contributed to the Behavioural viewpoint. This brought about a Human Relations Movement which included Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y approach. Similarities and differences can be found between the theories due to the relevant time period they were implemented, the motives or goal of the theory and how they view organisations. However the use of contingency theory can help negate the dissimilarities which occur as it allows the relevant elements from each theory to be applied to specific situations.
The classical approach to management was the result of an effort to develop a body of management thinking, and the management theorists who participated in this effort are considered the pioneers of management study. The classical viewpoint emphasises efficiency in managing work and organisations in order to increase production (S. C. Certo & S. T. Certo, 2006).... ... middle of paper ... ...
Every manager must have a set of principles, values, and core beliefs that he must follow. These principles, values, and beliefs make up his philosophy of management. Webster defines philosophy as “the most basic beliefs, concepts, and attitudes of an individual or group.” (Webster) I will be discussing the principles, values, and beliefs I as a manager will have to do my job efficiently. I will also discuss the different biblical beliefs that support my management style.
The concept of scientific management is based on the idea that work could be studied to increase efficiency, and specialization. Economist Adam Smith changed the way the world looked at the economy and organization. In his essay, “Of the Division of Labour,” Smith emphasizes the importance of specialization, and how division of labor leads to specialization. He states that this would allow a worker to be more productive and efficient (Shafritz, Ott, & Jang, 2011, p. 41-45). Frederick Taylor introduced the principles of scientific management, which stated that management is a science, workers should be scientifically selected and trained scientifically, and both management and workers should work together.
Managing a workplace can be an eventful, yet stressful occupation, as motivating others while handling conflict can be challenging. In order to achieve success, the manager can explore many theories to help effectively manage the working environment. The implement of management theories help increase quality of service as well as increase the level of productivity within an organization (Hawthorne). “Not many managers use a singular theory or concept when implementing strategies in the workplace: They commonly use a combination of a number of theories, depending on the workplace, purpose and workforce” (Hawthorne). Contingency theory and Theory X and Theory Y are two of the many options that a manager can explore and adopt in order to effectively
Successfully running a business or organization requires mastering the four primary functions of managing. The four functions of management are planning, organization, leading and controlling. I manage a flourishing online shoe store (www.myhoodjapan.com), and each of these functions is important to my stores success. This paper will define the functions, and will explain how each relates to my Organization.
There are three well-established theories of classical management: Taylor?s Theory of Scientific Management, Fayol?s Administrative Theory, Weber?s Theory of Bureaucracy. Although these schools, or theories, developed historical sequence, later ideas have not replaced earlier ones. Instead, each new school has tended to complement or coexist with previous ones.
The contemporary era is the time with constant changes and new demands. In view of this point, we can't put unitary leadership into real work. Accordingly, the term of "contingency leadership theory" (also namely "situational leadership") is given rise to by those situational factors. This theory notes that managers can vary their styles to suit different circumstances.
Taylor’s principle of management developed from the positive phenomenon, thinking positively and logically based on practical experience in determining cause and effect. Based on his theory, the management can be collected details and information about workers and work process in order to develop their company. The scientific management technique helps to select and train workers, identify the team work between supervisor and labors.
Scientific Management is an approach to re-design the supervision and work scientifically and used to replace the management and workers conflicts and lower worker productivity. Scientific Management is use to increase the productivity by breaking down the work of workers into smaller task, timing, and re-design the work which helps to accomplish a task. Scientific Management is the control of labor by wage incentives, time studies, and controlled movements. While the Human Relation is a study of people issues arise due to organizational relationship and the behavior of people in groups. It is an approach which tells that the workers are not only motivated by fringe benefits but also by social factors that are feelings of achievement, praise, and pride in ones work. Scientific Management and Human Relation Approach both aim to build the relationship between the workers and the management and also to increase the productivity of workers in an industry.
Management plays a significant role in how business operates. The diversity of approaches to the theoretical and practical background of management has come up with several versions of what is meant by such key words as management and organization. The academia views expressed in relation to management theories take a different role than that prescribed to managers. There has not been any concrete definition of management even though the classic definition of Henri fayol still remains in contention to be the preferred choice after eighty years. In the context of what is required I would like to elaborate on the following journals.