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Personal self assessment of personality
The five factor model of personality
The five factor model of personality
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Recommended: Personal self assessment of personality
Use of the 50-item International Personality Item Pool-Five Factor Model measure (Goldberg, 1999) can be a hindrance for researchers when dealing with participants that are less than enthusiastic about completing long questionnaires. The Mini-IPIP scales was developed specifically for this purpose. This newly developed assessment has been shown equally reliable and valid across the five measures in only 20-items.
General Information
The Mini-IPIP Personality Scale (Donnellan et al., 2006) is a derivative of the 50-item IPIP-FFM (Goldberg, 1999). It was published by the APA in the journal article presented in Psychological Assessments (Donnellan et al., 2006) that introduced the assessment tool. The Mini-IPIP is not available from any other source and does not have an online availability (apart from researcher published sites used for this specific research). Like the other assessments derived from the IPIP, it is in the public domain. Therefore, it has no cost associated with administration and it is self-scored with no means of electronic scoring at this time.
The Mini-IPIP (Donnellan et al., 2006) tests Big Five factors of personality; Extroversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism and Intellect/Imagination. It uses a Likert scale in answering 20 items designed to predict levels of each of the five factors. The IPIP-FFM (Goldberg, 1999) 50-item questionnaire is one of many “short” forms of the more comprehensive IPIP-NEO containing 300 items used for the same purpose. Gosling, Rentfrow and Swann (2003) reduced the measure to only ten items creating the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) noting a loss in psychometric quality. Donnellan (2006) sought to create the Mini-IPIP in order to slim down the ...
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Donnellan, M. B., Oswalk, F. L., Baird, B. M., & Lucas, R. E. (2006). The Mini-IPIP scales: Tiny yet effective measures of the Big Five factors of personality. Psychological Assessment, 18(2), 192-203. Doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.18.2.192
Goldberg, L. R. (1999). A broad-bandwidth, public domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models. In I. Mervielde, Il J. Deary, F. De Fruyt, and F. Ostendorf (Eds.), Personality Psychology in Europe, 7, 7-28. Tilburg, The Netherlands: Tilburg University Press.
Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann, W. B., (2003) A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 37, 504-528. Doi: 10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00046-1
Whiston, S. C. (2009). Principles and applications of assessment in counseling. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning.
Further, based on 14 year old, eight grade Jane Smith’s scenario, the reliability, validity and cultural considerations of the tool will be evaluated. In its 478 items, the MMPI-A covers the 10 original scales of MPPI, six validity scales, PSY-5 scales, and 15 content component scales. There are also three social introversion sub-scales, the 31 Harris Lingoes sub-scales and six supplementary scales. More importantly, studies of the MMPI-A have shown high test and retest consistency through which reliability and validity can be guaranteed (Gass & Odland, 2012).
Self-report has always been one the easiest ways to gain insight of a person’s personality. These test can range from quizzes filled out online that tell you which pop star is your personality twin to standardized tests requiring a certified test user. Some of the most popular and highly researched tests have been the MMPI and its successors. The MMPI, created by Stark R. Hathaway and John Charneley McKinley, was the first step towards the MMPI-2-RF. The MMPI was firstly created to test individuals who were 14 years old and older. Throughout the years, the MMPI has through a lot of changes, evolving into three tests used today: MMPI-2, MMPI-A, and MMPI-2-RF (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2013).
Hood, A.B., & Johnson, R.W. (2007). Assessment in Counseling: A guide to the use of psychological assessment procedures (4th ed.). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
The Big Five is currently the most accepted personality model in the scientific community. The Big Five emerged from the work of multiple independent scientists/researchers starting in the 1950s who using different techniques obtained similar results. Those results were that there are five distinct personality traits/dimensions. Here are your results on each dimension:
Cervone, D., Pervin, L. A. (2008). Personality: Theory and research (10th Ed.). New York: Wiley.
These scales are commonly alternatively represented by the OCEAN acronym Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion/Introversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism. The Big Five structure captures, at a broad level of abstraction, commonalities among most of the existing systems of personality description, and provides an integrative descriptive model for personality research. (Oliver& Sanjay 1999)
Klimstra, T. A., Luyckx, K., Goossens, L., Teppers, E., & De Fruyt, F. (2013). Associations of identity dimensions with Big Five personality domains and facets. European Journal Of Personality, 27(3), 213-221. doi:10.1002/per.1853
Funder, David C. The Personality Puzzle. 6th ed. 2013. New York: New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
JASON RENTFROW, P. (2009). World of Psychology: The Big Five Model of Personality. Retrieved March 7, 2014, from PsychCentral: http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2009/11/10/the-big-5-model-of-personality/
Personality is massive part of an individual’s identity. Our personalities dictate our patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting. An individual’s personality exposes them to predispositions and habits that influence their actions and lives. Early on, personality assessments consisted of physical features ranging from head shape and facial characteristics to body type. In today’s world, personality assessments are mainly based around traits. Traits are simply descriptions of one’s habitual patterns of behavior, thought and emotion. The most popular personality assessment is the Five-Factor Model, also known as The Big Five. This model allows us to describe people based on the five main traits/dimensions. These traits are extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience. Each of these five traits measures a different aspect of one’s personality. Extraversion is based on one’s level of engagement with the world,
Matthews, G., Deary, I. J., & Whiteman, M. C. (2009). Personality traits. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
The five-factor model includes five broad domains or dimensions of personality that are used to describe human personality. The five factors are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. While these five traits should be sufficient on their own to describe all facets of a personality, there also should be no correlation between the main factors. The Five Factor Model is now perhaps the most widely use trait theory of personality and has achieved the closest thing to a consensus in personality research. The advantage of this theory is that there have been multiple research studies conducted on this theory. Results suggest that this theory is effective in describing and determining personality. However, this theory is very categorical and does not allow for much flexibility. It also looks at the person personality at that time and now how it developed.
Morasco, B. J., Gfeller, J. D., & Elder, K. A. (2007). The Utility of the NEO–PI–R Validity Scales to Detect Response Distortion: A Comparison With the MMPI–2. Journal of Personality Assessment, 88(3), 227-281. doi:10.1080/00223890701293924
Friedman, H. S., & Schustack, M. W. (2012). Personality: Classic theories and modern research (5th ed). Boston , MA, USA: Pearson
The Five-Factor Model of Personality gives an insight to psychologists when dealing with patients and test subjects. Due to this theory, research psychologist are able to research personality more accurately and uphold a better understanding when discussing the reasoning behind certain pre-disposed tendencies. Also, counselors which practice different types of therapy are enabled to learn details concerning their patient that can assist in the treatment of that specific patient. There have been multiple disputes in regards to the validity of the Five-Factor Model of Personality theory. Many skeptics believe that there are too many variations that come into play when dealing with personality in order to accurately depict and diagnose a 100% accurate declaration of ones’ characteristics (McCrae, 1991). The issue with relying on the model in order to declare one’s characteristics is that there is often overlap between the degrees of high and low (Popkins, 1998). Although this is a valid statement, the model is a significant role in sorting through the variations to achieve a probable consensus. Therefore, the model cannot achieve a result without any probable cause for doubt but generally will provide a clear depiction of ones’ traits and