The Levels Of Processing Model
The Levels OF Processing (LOP) Model is an alternative to the Multi
Store (MS) Model. It does appreciate the idea that both STM and LTM do
exist however it does focus on the inter- related processes needed for
memory. It looks at the way information is coded and how likely it is
to be remembered depending on the type of coding.
* The LOP model was based on a study by Craik & Tulving (1875) who
tested participants on remembering 4 different types of
information. These were called "Levels of Processing. They claimed
that the level information is processed at, accounts for how
likely it is to be remembered. The 4 levels are as followed:
* · Shallowest e.g. Distinguishing between TABLE and table - which
is written in Capital letters? This requires very little
declarative memory. This type of information is only consciously
recalled at a very young age and once the procedure is learnt, we
do not have to think about the question being asked. Therefore
this is known as the shallowest level of processing.
* · Phonemic e.g. which word sounds like wait? - Hate or Chicken.
Here we are using our echoic sense to understand what the question
is asking, once again a very logical question.
* · Semantic e.g. which out of the following is a food - Cheese or
steel? This requires slight more intelligence as your mind has to
understand which one of the words is a food. Once your mind has
established the difference between the two items, it understands
that cheese is the food.
* · Deeper Semantic e.g. "He kicked the _ _ _ _ into the tree" -
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...* However the theory is not explanative of why deep inter related
processing is effective and suggests that semantic processing is
the only thing that affects LTM. This is very unlikely. Eyzenck
criticised the theory for having a narrow view of encoding and
proposed 4 general factors as an alternative, which affect
learning. These were the nature of the task, the type of material
to be remembered, and the knowledge of the subject and the nature
of the test.
* It is also very difficult to measure the accuracy of this
experiment because "depth" and elaboration" are such vague terms.
It was said that deeply processed information would be remembered
better but the depth of processing was how well it was remembered.
This once again depends on the inter- related processes used.
First, a brief background in the three dimensions of language discussed throughout this paper. The functional, semantic, or thematic dimensions of language as previously mentioned are often used in parallel with each other. Due, to this fact it is important to be able to identify them as they take place and differentiate between these dimensions i...
National Honors Society is an extremely prestigious and well-known group that gave me the opportunity to assist the community while working harmoniously with my peers. To get into NHS, there are four pillars one must fulfill, including, scholar, service, leadership, and character. One may not realize it, but these qualities apply all throughout life. In order to be successful, one must achieve some form of each pillar. Being dedicated and committed to learning and improving but also using the knowledge one previously has is to be a scholar. Giving back to one’s community by making improvements or donations or simply just being courteous to one’s neighbor is to give one’s service. Taking the initiative to solve problems and guide others towards
ed. Vol. 2. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1995. 973-974. Yaeger, Bert D. The
As this topic is rather unusual there has not been much research done therefore theorists were hard to find.
The National Honor Society is a very prestigious organization that I would love to be a part of. It was an honor to be nominated as a candidate. I am currently a sophomore in high school, and I have always wanted to be a member of the National Honor Society. As I look back over the years and think of the times I have attended the ceremonies and saw all the awards the members received, I recall saying to myself “That’s going to be me one day.”. I asked my teachers about all the requirements that had to be met to be a National Honor Society member and I made it my main goal to meet each and every one.
The Effects of Levels of Processing on Memory PB1: Identify the aim of the research and state the experimental/alternative hypothesis/es. (credited in the report mark scheme) To show how different levels of processing affects the memory. “People who process information deeply (i.e. semantic processing) tend to remember more than those who process information shallowly (i.e. visual processing). ” PB2: Explain why a directional or non-directional experimental/alternative hypothesis/es has been selected. (I mark) I have used a directional experimental hypothesis because past research, such as that by Craik and Tulving (1975) has proved this. PB3:
Anglin, M., Burke, C., Perrochet, B., Stamper, E., & Dawud-Noursi, S. (2000). History of the
Cheese is a very famous food that is can be used in many dishes for example main course and desserts. Cheese is a food that is made from a milk based. This milk can come from various sources for example cows and goats. Water content is remove fully from the milk. The function of this process is to improve and concentrated the protein, fat and other nutrients in the cheese. It also use to increase the life time for the cheese. The cheese making is one of the examples for the biotechnology.
Greenblatt and M. H. Abrams. 8th ed. Vol. 2. New York: W.W. Norton, 2006. 1891
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Memory is a complex system that has many functions. It is simply defined as being able to store and use information (Feist & Rosenberg, 2012). According to the three-stage model of memory, there are three classifications of memory: sensory, short-term, and long-term (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1971). Sensory memory is the information we collect from using our senses and lasts from less to half a second to two to three seconds; this step is the first in creating a long term memory (Feist & Rosenberg, 2012). In a simple test testing iconic memory, visual memory, four digits were flashed for 30 milliseconds (Thompson & Madigan, 2005). If the numbers were followed by a blank screen, the numbers were recalled easily, but if the flash of numbers were
Jack Finney’s The Third Level is the story of Charley’s adventures on the hidden third level of Grand Central Station. No one believes that there is a third level, so Charley talks to Sam, a phsyciatrist friend of his, to try and understand what happened to him. His friend believes that he imagined the third level as a way to deal with the troubles of normal life. Charley talks about how one night as he was trying to take the subway to get home to his wife he got lost and found himself on the third level. The third level looks much like the second, except its smaller and everyone and everything look to be out of the year 1890. Charley discovers that he is now in the year 1894. He decides to buy tickets to Galesburg, Illinois, but when he tries to pay for the tickets they won’t accept his money, as it is from the future and looks
of your body. Food has a huge effect on your health, and a diet rich
human bodies. All these changes in the food are what people refer to as food