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Basic elements of grammar
Why is grammar important
Importance of grammar in developing communication skills for a teacher
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The first step in understanding the intricacies of grammar is defining the word, or coming to an understanding of the meaning of the word in context. In order to do this we will start by examining the origin of the word. The word grammar originated from the greek word gramma meaning ‘the art of writing’. The key word in this phrase being ‘art’. The meaning of the word art can be defined as: Method/field of expression, as in; ‘I am interested in the art of poetry’. Therefore by definition ‘grammar’ means; A means of expression through verbal or written communication. The key word being ‘expression’. In order to shed more light on the subject, lets examine the meaning of expression. Expression can be defined as the act of making known ones thoughts …show more content…
The reason for this probe into the manner in which grammar is generally approached could be made clear by looking at one of the definitions of the word ‘Grammar’ on the Merriam-Webster website, which states the following; Grammar is - ‘Speech or writing evaluated according to its conformity to grammatical rules’. By looking at this definition one is compelled to see that the focus is being shifted away from the ultimate goal of the implementation of the rule, focusing rather
Utilizing the Psychological Aspects of Grammar to Gain a Better Understanding of its Difficulties on the rule itself. This statement is in direct contradiction with the cause for the development of grammar as a set of rules. An attempt to conform entirely to grammar rules often leads to an over zealous approach which results in a decrease in clarity of the communication, which is known as ‘hypercorrections’. Whats more is it is perfectly clear that hypercorrections stem from the fact that instead of understanding grammar the writer compensates by memorizing the components of grammar. The actual reason for the implementation of grammar rules which can be more accurately defined as; Applying
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Thus it is acceptable to say that the goal of clear communication should always trump the goal of grammatical accurateness. After all the fact that so many contradictions exist to the rules of grammar, is a clear indication that the rules are created to keep up with the norms of communication, thereby putting grammar as a set of rules, in a constant state of ‘catching up’ to the goal. This notion is backed by Diane Larsen-Freeman, Director of the English
Language Institute at the University of Michigan. Her studies in ‘The fifth skill in language teaching and learning’(Larsen-Freeman, D, 2001) strengthen the argument that perhaps it is time for a reform of what is considered the successful application of grammar rules. In other words The quest for understanding grammar needs to be refocused in order to be employed for the right purpose. In short, understanding the meaning of grammar should come before the mental indexing of grammar rules.
Conclusion
In conclusion of the information presented above, this paper seeks to suggest that the adoption of a different perspective on grammar, such as the one indicated by the
The Phenomenology of Error is a passage that is written by Joseph M. Williams. He evaluates through the concept that errors of grammar and usage are puzzling. Many believe that we understand the true meaning behind grammar, but we do not. Without a doubt, William repeatedly questioned what defines error and who decides what an error is. Throughout the passage William attempts to describe how the professionals who create rules for grammatical errors tend to break those rules themselves. William elaborates on how the social problems that exist in our society are neglected greatly because we focus on the issues of grammar to a greater extent. Our disapproval for grammar errors had always been seen as a larger problem. The idea that people take
Although conservative grammar abides by correctness, linguists say that errors often repeated are no longer errors. According to linguists, common errors are only considered to be incorrect by grammarians. As a results, linguists also claim that however people chose to speak should be considered correct with no regard for set standards. However, rules should not be thrown out just because evidence exists that they are being broken. Commonly broken rules do have the power to change language, especially by changing the meanings of words, but such errors should not make rules of grammar null and void. Without rules, communication would disintegrate, making this argument by linguists harmful to the purpose of
For example, “ To say ‘John said Pip hit the fence’ you could say the equivalent of ‘Pip say John hit fence’, ‘Fence say John hit Pep’ … or any other of the 120 possible word orders” (Bauer, 78). This show that if there is no grammar, there would be no rule for the word placement and when we say it, the listener wouldn’t know what is our intended. The author proves that this myth is wrong because if there is no grammar, there wouldn’t be rules for word placement, no difference between nouns and verbs, wouldn’t be possible to mark the different of the tune of the sentence and so on. Every language has their own grammar, the only difference is that some might have more grammar than other while some have don’t much as the other such as the ending and word order that is different in each language: Latin makes extensive use of ending, Chinese use word order and English use fixed word order. The main idea of this myth is when we say there is no grammar, we mean there is no grammar book that written all the rules for that particular language. So if we start writing down all the rules, Every language has their own grammar because it exists in the head of the speaker. Even the grammar is different but the language still capable to express the same range of structure
Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman, and Nina Hyams. An Introduction to Language. 8th ed. Boston: Thomson, 2007.
Language, according to Owens (2012, p. 6), “can be defined as a socially shared code or conventional system for representing concepts through the use of arbitrary symbols and rule-governed combinations of those symbols”. Language is thought to be a complex system; however, it can be broken down into three different components. These three components consist of content, form, and use. Within these three components, language has five main components which includes semantics, morphology, phonology, syntax, and pragmatics (Owens, 2012, p. 18).
Curzan, Anne and Adams, Michael. How English Works: A Linguistic Introduction. New York: Pearson Longman, 2006
Issue No. 1 -. 33, 32, and a. Vol. 1, No. 1 -. 1, 1973; no. 2, 1974. California State College, Sonoma, Dept. of Education. of the English language of the country. Roseman, Ellen.
In the article, “Current Developments in Research on the Teaching of Grammar” by Hossein Nassaji and Sandra Fotos two main issues had been discussed. The first one is whether grammar teaching make any differences to language learning where the questions raised are whether grammar should be taught or not. The second issue is what kinds of grammar teaching have been suggested to facilitate second language learning. If grammar should be taught, how much and should it be implicit or explicit grammar teaching? Lastly, the article discussed on the current approaches to grammar teaching in which formal instruction can be integrated with communicative activities which are processing instruction, interactional feedback, textual enhancement, task-based
"The principles and rules of grammar are the means by which the forms of language are made to correspond with the universal froms of thought....The structures of every sentence is a lesson in logic."
Finegan, Edward,."Language :its structure and use" Edward Finegan, David Blair and Peter Collins. 2nd ed. N.S.W : Harcourt, Brace & Co., c1997
In this essay I intend to investigate how differently one of the closed word classes, determiners, are approached in a series of pre and post corpus-based English grammar reference books, course books and practice books. And the theme of my investigation is how corpus affects the development of English teaching materials. The grammar reference books I intend to analyze and compare are “A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language” (ACGEL) and “Cambridge Grammar of English” (CGE). The former is an indispensable grammar reference book first published in 1985, which has been widely consulted in researches in relation to English linguistic studies, while the later offers clear explanations of both spoken and written English grammar based on authentic everyday usage.
When grammar is put to use in a society, people will often have different beliefs at what is the "right" or "proper" usage. This had led to the formation of two widely accepted forms of grammar, Prescriptivism and Descriptivism. These forms will often separate those who believe their form of grammar is the only correct way from those who use many forms they find to be acceptable. Descriptive grammar is formed by analyzing how speakers use a language, and deducing the rules they follow. Linguists create descriptive grammars in order to understand language more deeply. They understand that a single language can have multiple dialects, and that each dialect will have its own grammatical rules--internally
Humans are born with the innate capability and knowledge to learn any language. Children can construct mental grammar easily due to such innate knowledge of language. Mental grammar can be defined as unconscious rules/principles of a language a speaker has in his/her mind. However, the ability to learn language is constrained by critical period, a time period in development when the human brain is prepared to construct a mental grammar. After the critical period, our innate ability to learn language diminishes. Test situations centered on the critical period for language acquisition and the input received during such period is essential in furthering comprehending human language. They shed light on how mental grammar are constructed.
Human’s have always struggled to express themselves. Art, is considered by many to be the ultimate form of human expression. Many assume that art has a definition, but this is not the case. Art, it can be said, is “in the eye of the beholder.” This simply means that what you consider art, someone else would not. Art is part of a person’s internal emotions, which signifies why different people see art as different things. Every type of culture and era presents distinctive and unique characteristics. Different cultures all have different views of what art can, and would be, causing art itself to be universally renowned throughout the world.
Syntax is the study of how words are combined to create phrases and causes in the sentences of a specific language (Freeman and Freeman, 2014). Syntax helps us to make clear sentences that “sound right,” where words, phrases, and clauses each serve their function and are correctly ordered to form and communicate a complete sentence with meaning. The rules of syntax combine words into phrases and phrases into sentences. Not only does it focus on the correct word order for a language, but it also helps show the relationship between the meaning of a group of words. Without proper syntax, a sentence can be meaningless. It is key to understand that while every language does have certain syntax, the syntax does vary from language to language. It