Indian architects studying abroad, came back to India, with an optimistic, free from the British rule, eager to offer their much-needed services to a newly free country. A few of whom are Habib Rahman, Achyut Kanvinde, Gautam Sarabhai and Charles Correa, with them came the influence of Bauhaus. As India had no uniform independent architectural movement in the early 20th century, ideas influenced by the Bauhaus and architects like Le Corbusier brought to India were modern. They were then influenced by both regional and interesting ideas. Modernism in India at that time was more like an overall approach to life. Modernist architects believed modern architecture was a medium of improving the lives of people. It meant designing the world positively,
Nehru called Chandigarh ‘the temple of the new India’. The city of Chandigarh was disliked by many, Nehru's response to this was, “It is totally immaterial whether you like it or not, it is the biggest thing because it makes you think. You may squirm at the impact, but it makes you think and imbibe new ideas.” Chandīgarh was an experiment, it had a creative approach to the concept of a township. Chandīgarh, today, is one of the famous towns in India and is known because of its architecture. Corbusier thinks of space in terms of light, air, earth, water and the users of the space, not by the normal rules and
They believed that the culture and traditions of Indian architecture shouldn’t be lost. Their buildings were in relation to the context of the site and their inspiration was local too. Vernacular architecture is concerned with building and construction methods. The architects who were practising vernacular architecture in India, their aim was to provide low budget housing using local material, labour and building techniques. Nari Gandhi, Rupal desi, the Kamath's etc. were few architects who practised vernacular architecture. Architects like Nari Gandhi worked like a mistri, giving instructions to the craftsmen on site and making changes. As the materials and the building techniques were local the craftsmen were familiar with the material and a lot was left up to the craftsmen to decide. A lot of these buildings include natural lighting and passive ways of cooling or
Antoni Gaudi was born June 25th 1852 and lived until 1926. His name is Catalan with Gaudi being the family name and Cornet being the second. Gaudi was best known for being a practitioner of Catalan Modernism. The style of Gaudi was individualism and distinctive. Architecture, nature, and religion were Gaudi’s passion in life, which influenced a lot of his work. Gaudi liked to interpret his creations into his architecture for many to see the unique ceramics, stained glass, wrought ironwork and carpentry. What’s interesting about Gaudi is that he did not like to plan his work out but liked to make three-dimensional scale models. Many people liked his architecture because of the organic and natural styles conceived. Gaudi’s work became interesting around 1984 because he interpret religious imagines into his work and earned himself the name “God’s Architect”. His work deserves to be globally popular and
Frank Lloyd Wright is widely known and is considered to be America’s greatest architect. He is considered, in the eyes of many, to be the most consequential American architect of the 20th century. “Strongly individualistic, flamboyant, and arrogant, Wright designed and built more than four hundred structures that reflect his architectural genius. Directly and indirectly, he heavily influenced twentieth century architecture with his diverse use of geometry in his designs” (Eisenman).
The deterioration of residential homes is common throughout the years due to wear and tear from everyday usage. The cost to prevent this deterioration is usually minimal and does not skyrocket into the hundreds of thousands of dollars for routine maintenance. In addition, the construction of residential homes has improved throughout the years; hence, not as many repairs are required over time. Engineers have developed better concepts of how homes will stand up against the elements and big box stores encourage the homeowners to repair and do their own maintenance on their standard house. However, there are residential homes that are nonconforming and their architectural designs are of those who have brought these homes into the forefront of Modern Architecture. One who is most noteworthy and is synonymous with residential homes is Frank Lloyd Wright. Known for his unique style of residential design, Frank Lloyd Wright was ahead of his time, however, the materials he used in these designs have proven to be unsustainable and cost hundreds of thousands, even millions, of dollars to homeowners for their preservation.
It is the new decade after the end of world war two and modernism is a well-established practice. Its pioneers and spearheads are prevalent figures looming over the new architects and designers who are trying to make their mark in the shadows of such historically influential people. With new technologies and materials emerging from the world wars the next era of modernism had started to evolved, bringing with it philosophies and ideas which seemed far removed from those of the pioneers of modernism “What emerged in the late 1940s and 1950s was an expanding synthesis of questions utterly removed from the confident statements of the pioneers.”(Spade 1971,10) Two significant buildings were designed in the 50's, both of them for educational institutes and to house students of architecture, there were both designed in completely different styles and methods. The first is Ludwig Mies van der Rohes' Crown Hall, finished in 1956 and designed as a part of a campus master plan for the Illinois Institute of technology in Chicago. Mies' design for Crown Hall is one of his most realised expressio...
“In the Cause of Architecture” is an essay written by Frank Lloyd Wright in 1908. In this work, Wright outlines many of his architectural values. This text goes into great detail about the philosophy behind Frank Lloyd Wright’s architecture, as well as many important milestones in his life, such as working for Adler and Sullivan. This text is useful because it comes straight from Frank Lloyd Wright himself. It talks about many things important to his role as a notable American, such as his influences for his architecture and his architectural
Nearly every aspect of life was redefined in the mid nineteenth century during the industrial revolution. Fundamental changes occurred in agriculture, textile and metal manufacture, transportation, economic policies and the social structure. Yet somehow architecture did not catch the bug, buildings still reflected the past with their stately capitals, columns, and other unnecessary fluff. This matter puzzled the young artist Le Corbusier; he believed that “we should make a machine for living”, and our buildings should reflect this newfound consciousness that has been adopted in the rest of our society. These ideas were the catalyst of an architectural revolution. Le Corbusier led the way in a movement that strove to bring architecture to the technological age, while still respecting the revered geometric proportions of the past and the beauty in simplicity.
The Bauhaus was the most influential modernist art school of the 20th century as it laid many foundations for design theory and helped us understand the importance of art in relation to society and technology. Although the school was in operation only between 1919 and 1933, it was a major influence in the fields of architecture, graphic design, typography, industrial design and interior design long after it has closed.
Architecture, the practice of building design and its resulting products, customary usage refers only to those designs and structures that are culturally significant. Today the architecture must satisfy its intended uses, must be technically sound, and must convey beautiful meaning. But the best buildings are often so well constructed that they outlast their original use. They then survive not only as beautiful objects, but as documents of history of cultures, achievements in architecture that testify to the nature of the society that produced them. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. Architecture is a social art, yet Frank Lloyd Wright single handily changed the history of architecture. How did Frank Lloyd Wright change architecture?
The essence of modern architecture lays in a remarkable strives to reconcile the core principles of architectural design with rapid technological advancement and the modernization of society. However, it took “the form of numerous movements, schools of design, and architectural styles, some in tension with one another, and often equally defying such classification, to establish modernism as a distinctive architectural movement” (Robinson and Foell). Although, the narrower concept of modernism in architecture is broadly characterized by simplification of form and subtraction of ornament from the structure and theme of the building, meaning that the result of design should derive directly from its purpose; the visual expression of the structure, particularly the visual importance of the horizontal and vertical lines typical for the International Style modernism, the use of industrially-produced materials and adaptation of the machine aesthetic, as well as the truth to materials concept, meaning that the true nat...
Charles Jencks in his book “The Language of Post-Modern Architecture “shows various similarities architecture shares with language, reflecting about the semiotic rules of architecture and wanting to communicate architecture to a broader public. The book differentiates post-modern architecture from architectural modernism in terms of cultural and architectural history by transferring the term post-modernism from the study of literature to architecture.
His works were totally reflected and enhanced the environment of nature on the site, the whole idea of a house could be were forever changing when it is his design. Wright’s architectural achievements in simplicity and unity were possible to be build supported by the method of the construction and materials like; Reinforced concrete, steel, metal sheet, glass plate and plastics. This genius architect offered a building with a relationship of Architecture and landscape, with community as well. Many projects nowadays have influenced from Wright’s modern styles, this well-known architect has many influences that became his principles. First is his exemplary teacher...
...t known as Union Territory Chandigarh, which became India’s first planned city. In this Le Corbusier designed administration buildings, a university, courthouse and parliament building.
What makes modern architecture? Before answering this, one would need to understand what the term “modern” exactly describes. In architecture, modernism is the movement or transition from one period to another, and it is caused by cultural, territorial, and technological changes happening in the world. In Kenneth Frampton’s Modern Architecture: A Critical History, he details these three major societal changes that impact and create modern architecture.
Human beings are susceptible to the force of nature. They had to make shelter for themselves. Material was one of the most basic tools to create shelter. By development of building construction, selection and use of materials also developed. The relationship between the architecture and the materials before invention of modern materials was simple and generally naturally [1]; in the past, architects always use tradition materials according their experimental skills. For choosing structural materials, they had attention to important factors such as availability (local materials) and harmony with climate and culture [2], although this way was forward with feedback. But this relationship was not continuing simply.
The history of architecture is quite long, and there is so much to learn about! Not only is there a lot to learn, I have so many questions I wish I could ask famous architects, such as why they built that, is there a particular color or pattern scheme that they chose for that building, is there a reason they built that building, or if they were going through something that influenced their reasoning as to why they built it the way they did.