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Core concepts of motivation
Motivation and their implication
The importance of being a student athlete
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What is Motivation and how does it affect an individual? Motivation is the reason or reasons one has for acting or behaving in a particular way. There are two types of motivation that affect us, Extrinsic and Intrinsic. Extrinsic motivation is the type of motivation that motivates us to perform or engage in an activity to earn a reward or avoid a form of punishment. Examples of this would be working hard for a raise, because you want a better pay check or cleaning your room as a kid to avoid being in trouble from your parents. In both examples, the person is motivated to gain a reward or avoid punishment. However, intrinsic motivation is when a person performs an activity, because it is personally rewarding. Examples of this type of motivation …show more content…
The article is split into sections, the first section describes the student-athlete experience. This section shows that student athletes go through all the same challenges as nonathletic students, but also athletes have an added demand brought on by their sport. The article references that athletes are afflicted by their coaches expecting a great deal of their player’s time and how their mental fatigue, physical exhaustion, and nagging injuries (Eitzen 2009). The second section of the article goes on about the Structure of their model. The structure of their model starts with Precollege section which is split into three sections; family background, educational experiences and preparation, and individual attributes. Then moves into Initial commitments such as; goal, sport, and institutional commitments. Finally, the last section of their models introduces Environmental characteristics, which consists of social and academic. Comeaux and Harrison (2011) stated that their purpose for their article was to fill the theoretical and analytical gaps that exist in the understandings of student athlete’s academic success in Division I institutions. Comeaux and Harrison designed their model in a way that motivates and engages the student to learn inside and also outside the
Once stated by Dwight D. Eisenhower, “Motivation is the art of getting people to do what you want them to do because they want to do it.” The aforementioned ideology places an emphasis on an individual’s internal desires, rather than an outside/external force driving the individual’s consciousness (cognitive evaluation.) Therefore intrinsic motivation is one in which an individual 's own desire comes from within; a relentless and genuine passion for an intended goal. On the contrary, when an individual relies on external factors such as, a reward or any other form of external reinforcement, an extrinsic motivation is exhibited. Although society likes to stress the importance in pursuing an internal motivation, in today 's modern world, an extrinsic factor far outweighs an internal desire to accomplish an objective.
Potuto, Josephine (Jo) R., and James O'Hanlon. "National Study Of Student-Athletes Regarding Their Experiences As College Students." College Student Journal 41.4 (2007): 947-966. Humanities International Complete. Web. 21 Nov. 2011.
Howard-Hamilton, Mary F., and Julie Sina. "How College Affects College Athletes." New Directions for Student Services (2011): 35-43.
All college students sitting in classrooms today face challenges that can impede their success. A challenging course schedule, competing demand for the student’s time, and college readiness are all factors that can hinder a student’s performance in the classroom. Moreover, these challenges also have the ability to impact the student’s overall student development. While most students share a common set of stressors, there are certain groups on campus that face pressures and challenges that are not shared by the majority of their peers. Student athletes are such a group. Joshua Watson (2005) noted the positive benefits of participating in intercollegiate activities, but also noted that such participation can lead to issues of “maladjustment, emotional illness, and psychological distress” (p. 442).
College is a time for young people to develop and grow not only in their education, but social aspects as well. One of the biggest social scenes found around college campuses are athletic events, but where would these college sports be without their dedicated athletes? Student athletes get a lot of praise for their achievements on the field, but tend to disregard the work they accomplish in the classroom. Living in a college environment as a student athlete has a great deal of advantages as well as disadvantages that affect education and anti-intellectualism. Around the country, college athletic programs are pushing their athletes more and more every day.
A student-athlete is defined as a participant in an organized competitive sport sponsored by the NCAA and the member institution at Division I, II, or III. Student-athletes cope with challenges and pressures as they try to find a balance between being a student and an athlete. Upon entering an institution, student-athletes are given the responsibilities of managing multiple roles. First-year student-athletes are expected to meet the demands of a college student in addition to those of an athlete in a new and unknown atmosphere. (Etzel, Ferrante, & Pinkney, 1996; Parham, 1993). The transitional experiences of a first-year college student paired with playing at a higher level of skill, concerns of injury, and dealing with conflicts among teammates and coaches add stress (Adler & Adler, 1987; Etzel, Ferrante, Pinkney, 1996; Miller & Kerr, 2001; Parham, 1993). The unique challenge for many student-athletes is to find balance between these dual roles and the pressures from coaches, teammates, family and friends, the institution, and the NCAA to perform well both on and off the field of play.
Motivation is the desire to accomplish something and it could be described in two ways: Intrinsic and Extrinsic (Ryan and Deci, 2000) - Intrinsic motivation is described by an interior desire to do things out of pleasure or love, worthy of note is that intrinsic motivation is not same to all individuals i.e all people are not motivated similarly by the same thing. Extrinsic motivation is concerning doing things exclusively for their result it is the opposite of intrinsic motivation, here rewards or punishment motivates people which comes as an effect of events external to the persons (Ryan and Deci 2000).
According to Casey et al. (2012) motivation stimulates people to do things with the use of ‘incentives’. Intrinsically motivated behaviour is when a person performs well for his or her own sake. Whereas extrinsically motivated behaviour is when motivation arises from necessities for security, job and pay (Casey et al, 2012). According to Petroni, A, & Colacino, P (2008), there are thre...
For decades there has been a debate on student athletes and their drive to succeed in the classroom. From the very beginning of organized college level athletics, the goal to want to succeed in athletics has forced students to put academics to the back burner. In spite of the goal to want to succeed over a hundred years of attempts to check limits of intercollegiate athletic programs on colleges' academic standards still seems to struggle to this day. This brings to surface one of the most asked questions in sports, “What effect does college sports have on academics and economics?” Herbert D. Simons, Derek Van Rheenen, and Martin V. Covington, authors of “Academic Motivation and the Student Athlete” researched the topic on whether athletics and academics benefit each other. Bryan Flynn, the author of “College Sports vs. Academics” poses the question “Should institutions of higher learning continue to involve themselves in athletic programs that often turn out to be virtual arms races for recruiting talented players who bring big money and prestige, but put academics to the back burner?” Although both authors agree that sports have an impact on an athlete’s academics, the focus of their argument differs.
Motivation is important because it allows you to work towards and complete your goals. GPA allows you to see, on average, how well a student has performed in all classes they have taken. It is likely there is a relationship between motivation and GPA. If a student is highly motivated, will their GPA rise? Based upon previous research, it is hypothesized that students who are highly motivated will have a GPA of 3.0 or higher. Seventeen university students, 9 male and 8 female participated in the survey. The survey included 9 questions that measured motivation, measured on a Likert scale from 1-5. [Results].
According to Richard M. Ryan and Edward L. Deci (2000), to be motivated which means ‘to be moved’ to do something. A person who feels no drive or encouragement to act is described as unmotivated while someone who is energized or make active toward goals is considered motivated. The purposes of people who are motivated are to achieve certain goals such as earn more money or gain promotion. Employees may work hard for one of two reasons: intrinsic motivation or extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is defined as the doing of an activity for itself such as Psychological and Job satisfaction (Richard M. Ryan and Edward L. Deci, 2000). Extrinsic motivation serves to satisfy indirect needs (Frey, B. 2002), who are Income Maximisers and Status
Intrinsically motivated behaviors are those that one does for enjoyment of the activity itself. There is no external reward for these behaviors, and it is seen as a prototype for autonomous behaviors. Extrinsically motivated behaviors are those that one does to illicit a direct consequence. In some cases, one might behave a certain way to avoid punishment, or alternatively, to receive a reward. Most people are extrinsically motivated to go to work every day. There are four different types of extrinsic motivation: External, introjected, identified, and integrated. For certain activities, Amotivation can occur, which usually has negative effects. This occurs when people’s needs aren’t being satisfied by whatever they are doing. Each of the types of motivation can be located on The Self-Determination
Mullins (2002) also classifies motivation into Intrinsic and Extrinsic types. Intrinsic motivation involves psychological rewards to enhance job satisfaction, such as the opportunity to use one's ability, a sense of achievement, receiving appreciation and positive recognition or being treated in a considerate manner (Mullins, 2002:P490). Such methods ensure employees are constantly motivated while being engaged in activities that are enjoyable and rewarding.
Student motivation can be affected by several factors. These elements include parent involvement, teacher enthusiasm, rewards, peers, the learner’s environment, personal experiences, personal interests of the student, and self-esteem and self-image.
Motivation is the process by which one is moved, whether the process is external or internal. It encourages one to do something or not to do something. It can bring about positive change or a negative reaction depending on the situation. Many things affect motivation such as, the environment, your family background, schools, the government, and many other stimuli.