Lions are the only true sociable cat and have been known to live in prides consisting of up to 40 members. Within a pride are related lioness (females), offspring, and a few lions (males). The social behaviors within a pride differ by sex as lions are responsible for mating with lioness and protecting the pride’s territory while females are responsible for rearing and hunting in addition to the males’ job – protecting and defending. Unlike many other female animals, lioness display egalitarianism or equality amongst one another. Their behavior serves as an advantage because their equality results in equal access to mating with males within the pride. The consequence to this behavior deems benefits that increase the species’ fitness. One not so obvious benefit is that the offspring are, subsequently, born synchronously. The synchronous arrival of offspring leads to “creching” of cubs which reproducing mothers collectively nurse. Not only is this consequence a benefit for the cubs, due to the fact that it allows for an abundance of rearing, it also allows for greater protection agains...
As stated in the article, “each ape’s social success depends on what other group members are up to, natural selection has favored the capacity for social maneuvers and [superior intelligence]” (2). Natural selection also favors apes because they are not ones to dwell or hold grudges on other apes when they get into feuds. Frans de Waal, a primatologist at the Arnheim Zoo in the Netherlands, shows how natural selection has also promoted the ability to strengthen the relationships of others. In his example, he gives an account of Mama, the most influential female in the colony, who would reconcile other apes after they got into
Yvain the knight of the Lion, like most medieval tales is a coming of age story. The young, careless thrill seeking Yvain is transformed into a adult and a king that assumes responsibility while taking care of others. This transition can be credited on part to the Lion he encounters on his journey.
Broad, K.D, J.P Curley, and E.B Keverne. "Mother–infant Bonding and the Evolution of Mammalian Social Relationships." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. Royal Society, 2014. Web. 24 Mar. 2014.
In many cases Savannah cats are known for being cute, furry and cuddlable but we need to respect them in their natural behavior tendencies to provide them a suitable stimulating environment. By doing so we have to encourage environmental enrichment for the physical and mental health for these Savannah’s. Having a proper environment increases these species brain activity, well-being, senses, stimuli, and relieves them from boredom. These cats tends to get physical, physiologic, and behavioral disorders for stress and lack of stimulation. It can cause these species to do urine marking, house soiling, owner directed aggression, behavioral over grooming, displacement activities and reduce comfort behavior. For Savannah cats are a cross between
Introduced by tragedies early in his life, Edgar Allan Poe became one of the most successful writers, poets, and storytellers to ever live. Edgar Allan Poe had the intelligence to do anything he wanted to do, however, the pain of losing his loved ones always seemed to drive him towards a pen and paper. His emotions never failed to show through his writings, which helped the story line touch the readers. Poe became very close to several different women but each would die shortly after he came to love them. This only pushed him to write more emotionally. Poe had a natural talent for putting his real life experiences into a fictional story and making it seem as if it were really happening.
In Franz De Waal’s book Chimpanzee Politics: Power and Sex Among Apes, social interactions between the chimpanzees at the Arnhem Zoo in Holland are examined. De Waal spends time observing the lives of these animals and comparing them and their ‘culture’ to human culture. The book follows a power struggle between the three dominant male chimps, Yeroen, Luit, and Nikkie. The book does not exclude female chimps and talks about how they influence the role the alpha males play.
A wolf and a leopard is able to be with a little child while the lion eats straw. The image that I see when I read this is one where all these animals are together underneath a tree smiling and playing together. The wolf and leopard are lying next to the child as the child sleeps, the calf and young lion are playing in the distance, and the cow, bear, ox, and lion are all feeding on straws. This unity between cross-species is the pinnacle of coexistence of all species. Dwyer also acknowledges this when he says, “It is a vision of peace where childlike friendliness is validated, allowing for concord among humans and all other animals” (630). Ironically, this is also what humans want. Humans actually desire to be with animals, according to Dwyer and Dr.Bekoff, a professor emeritus of ecology and evolutionary biology (Goode, 1). In Erica Goode’s essay, “Learning from Animal Friendships,” Dr. Bekoff says that, “Humans are craving to be re-wildered. They’re craving to be reconnected to nature” (Goode, 1). For example, we visit zoos in order to be closer to animals, to connect with nature, and the petting zoo exists in order for us to actually physically connect with the animals. However, the zoo is not the only way for humans to connect with animals. This is one of the reason humans keep pets. Human’s relationship with pets is a prime example of the desire to connect with nature. But, as
Between the lioness and the lion, a lioness is responsible for having the cubs and nurturing them and the same goes for the gorillas. The gorillas physically carry their child keeping them close and protected. Additionally, Shaw in here argument makes a claim that proves a mother has the child. Meaning, a mother has a duty to care for the child and that’s what her job is. Both human and animal mothers have nursing duties. They possess milk for their newborns, thus proving that a mother doesn’t need to work because she has a duty to her family. A woman gives life back to the world, what else is could be more
The structure of this essay is based on animals and humans mate choice strategies and gender differences and similarities. These factors are intertwined with males and females reproduction success for choosing the right mate and bearing the parental cost involved in the offspring upbringing. (Trivers, 1972, 1985).Animal males from the evolutionary perspectives seek fertile, strong, females as a security for their offspring reproduction. These males’ strategize for their mate choice by advertising their masculinity as men ready for a mate. (Buss & Barnes, 1986; Buss, 1987).The female animals chooses mate base on their sense of security so they prefer males capable to protect and bear the cost of parenting with them.(Trivers,1972).In humans, females prefer wealthy men with high status as mate (Bjorklund & shackleford, 1999; Buss, 1992) whereas males prefer to date young attractive females who considers as fertile with the ability for genes reproduction.
In addition Bateman (1948) suggested that sexual selection is defined by the different levels of investment by each sex to their offspring. Females invest more heavily in offspring as fertilisation, gestation and placentation all occur within...
The main difference between male and female primates is that female primates are the ones who conceive an offspring. If primate males were the ones to conceive, then the roles would be completely different. There are two different reproduction strategies the male and female follow in the primate world. The male strategy would be to always be ready and wanting to mate, so he can maximize reproductive success. The female reproductive strategy would be to make males compete for her and also to select a quality male (Male with territory and/or ability to protect her and her offspring). Another female reproductive strategy that will benefit her is, sneaky copulation because it creates a confused paternity so, if the transient male takes over the group the offspring will not be killed. The male parental investment is fairly low; mostly all the male does is just give the sperm to the female and take off onto seeking another mate. As for the female parental investment, it’s extremely high; because she must grow the offspring in her body, give birth, nurse and raise the young. The factors of limiting male’s reproductive success would be female access and competition with another male. As for the factors of limiting female’s reproductive success would be food resources, and a predator free space. The male strategies maximize reproductive success because, with males spending less time on parental investment they can seek more mating opportunities; for a chance the female will take care of the offspring so that his genes can be passed on. Another way males maximize their reproductive success would be to eliminate all unfertile females from their mating because there is no way that the male genes could be passed on. Females use their strategy ...
2. For the most part, cats prefer to share their territory, indoors or out, with few
This standard model is known as the seual strategies theory ( Buss & Schmitt, 1993). Buss argues that any species in which differences exist, there will be corresponding sex differences in mating behaviors. The biological reality in humans is that males need minimal investment, a single ejaculation, to reproduce their genes. The cost of female reproduction is traditionally years of investment including gestation, lactation and offspring care. In theory, such one sided investment has resulted in sex-specific selection strategies for reproductive success (Beckes et al. 2009). Human males ‘naturally’ track down opportunities to copulate with as many female partners as possible, specifically those who display signs of fertility. By ‘nature’ human females are more sexually cautious and prefer one male partner who can provide resources to be shared with their offspring. Though emphasis is on sex differences, sexual strategies theorists state that mating behavior--under specific circumstances--can be similar between men and women. The inevitable conclusion from their work is the differences between the sexes regarding mating preferences. The main focus of the sexual strategies theory is that all human mating is inherently strategic. Mating behavior is guided by psychological mechanisms that compel both males and females to desire certain qualities in a mate based
Infanticide is a frequent event among non-human primates, and is a phenomenon that has been interpreted in various different ways (Borries et al., 1999). Although it is a fact adult male primates frequently try to commit infanticide, the question of why they commit it is frequently debated (Borries et al., 1999). One of the most generally accepted theories for infanticide is the sexual selection hypothesis, which claims infanticide is a reproductive strategy to improve one’s fitness, or have more offspring (Borries et al., 1999). As producing more offspring means a higher chance of the father’s genetics passing on to future generations, the presence of other males and the offspring of those males can be a threat to one’s dominance (Borries
" Society & Animals 18.2 (2010): 183-203. Academic Search Premier -. EBSCO. Web. The Web. The Web.