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DiplomacY foreign policy
Theories Of Cultural Diplomacy
Importance of foreign policy
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In the field of foreign affairs, the using terms of foreign policy and diplomacy are related. The two terms are important topics and knowing the difference between them is very important. States cannot exist without the assistance of other state for its survival as well as development especially in such globalized situation. Due to this reason, United States use various method in tackling other countries in the international affairs. US uses diplomacy and foreign policy as one packaging to be performed in order to stimulate the relations and fulfilling the needs of its national interests. National interests of each country can be different, however in general, a country strives for sovereignty and prosperity. Foreign policy refers to the stance that a country adopts and the strategies used for the promotion of its national interest towards the relations with other countries. While diplomacy refers to a manner in which a country goes about in achieving its needs. In order to achieve its national interests, United States can use a number of strategies. Diplomacy, foreign aid, and military force are some of these strategies to implement foreign policies. Unlike in this present, in the present, powerful states including US used its military …show more content…
For China, Chinese leaders have been aware of the growing relevance and importance of cultural diplomacy,taking its unique culture and utilising platforms for cultural exchange programs, festivals, movies, music,religious forums, sports and tourism with the outside world in the 2000s, such as these new initiatives: Confucius Institute, exports of Chinese cultural products, and recently, efforts to make the Chinese media global players. Its aim has been to enhance China’s soft power and project its image of peaceful rise, also to document the main forms of cultural diplomacy encouraged and even sponsored by the state for that
Steven Hook and John Spanier's 2012 book titled “American foreign policy since WWII" serves as one of the most important texts that can be used in understanding the underlying complexities on American foreign policies. Like the first readings that are analyzed in class (American Diplomacy by George Kennan and Surprise, Security, and the American Experience by John Lewis Gaddis), this text also brings history into a more understandable context. Aside from being informative and concise in its historical approach, Hook and Spanier also critiques the several flaws and perspectives that occurred in the American foreign policy history since World War II.
All of the history of the United States, foreign policy has caused many disputes over the proper role in international affairs. The views, morals and beliefs of democracy in Americans, makes them feel the need to take leadership of the world and help those countries whom are in need. The foreign policies of President Eisenhower will eventually led to the involvement of the United States in the Vietnam War. President Eisenhower’s role with these policies were based on his military type strategies to safeguard a victory in the Global Cold War. President Eisenhower’s foreign policies led to an effective involvement in the Cold War and enviably the Vietnam War from an American perspective. President Eisenhower’s foreign policies when implemented would facilitate the goal of containing communism, and also
The book A Concise History of U.S. Foreign Policy, by Joyce Kaufman, and the essay, American Foreign Policy Legacy by Walter Mead both acknowledge the history, and the importance of American foreign policy. The two argue that American foreign policy has always been an essential aspect of the prosperity and health of the United States. After reading these writings myself, I can agree that American foreign policy in the U.S. has always been detrimental to the success of this nation. Throughout history most Americans have had very little interest in foreign affairs, nor understood the importance. This essay will address the importance of foreign policy, why Americans have little interest in foreign affairs, and what the repercussions
DuVernet, Sylvia. Canada-China cultural exchanges: centered in the 1970's but beginning with Dr. Henry Norman Bethune. S.l.: S. DuVernet], 1989.
Despite the obstinate survival of the continuity invigorated the earlier foreign policy from 1880-1919 and 1933-1948, the latter generation accentuates the divergence and the dwelling of a new aspiration. U.S. foreign policy between 1880 and 1919 and 1933 and 1948 is a paradigm of a complex input of continuity and disruption. Although undertones of the change are still present in the new American foreign policy as it is still committed to the economic and strategic interests abroad, the foreign policy during World War II still represents a significant shift and the birth of a new perspective altogether. World War I and the interwar period formed the arena of new tactics for American diplomacy, the nation’s proactive role in international affairs and multilateralism. The United States cemented its success as a global grand power through an unshakable belief in the responsibility for sustaining peace, democracy, and economic growth in the
LEADERSHIP AND FOREIGN POLICY: Contrasting between the liberalist and realist views, discuss the role of a leader in influencing foreign policy.
On the international scene, diplomacy is employed between nations as a means of negotiating on issues regarding trade, environment, culture, peacemaking among others for the mutual benefit the parties/nations involved. Personal diplomacy is premised on the idea of engaging face-to-face or having one on one discussions with partners in a non-threatening environment with an aim to persuade someone and seek common ground on issues.
What is Foreign Policy? Foreign Policy is a nations’ attitude, actions (ie economic sanctions, peacekeeping, military activity) as well as our dealings with other countries (ie trade, immigration, aid, defence) and anything that is directed towards preserving and furthering certain national interests. Foreign Policy seeks to maintain national security, promote economic and trade interests, expand regional and global links, and promote the nation as a good global citizen.
To understand the power struggle relating to foreign policymaking, it is crucial to understand what foreign policy entails. The Foreign Policy Agenda of the U.S. Department of State declares the goals of foreign policy as "to build and sustain a more democratic, secure, and prosperous world for the benefit of the American people and the international community." While this definition is quite vague, the actual tools of foreign policy include Diplomacy, foreign aid, and military force.
The first paradigm of international relations is the theory of Realism. Realism is focused on ideas of self-interest and the balance of power. Realism is also divided into two categories, classical realism and neo-realism. Famous political theorist, Hans Morgenthau was a classical realist who believed that national interest was based on three elements, balance of power, military force, and self interest (Kleinberg 2010, 32). He uses four levels of analysis to evaluate the power of a state. The first is that power and influence are not always the same thing. Influence means the ability to affect the decision of those who have the power to control outcomes and power is the ability to determine outcomes. An example of influence and power would be the UN’s ability to influence the actions of states within the UN but the state itself has the power to determine how they act. Morgenthau goes on to his next level of analysis in which he explains the difference in force and power in the international realm. Force is physical violence, the use of military power but power is so much more than that. A powerful state can control the actions of another state with the threat of force but not actually need to physical force. He believed that the ability to have power over another state simply with the threat of force was likely to be the most important element in analysis the power of as state (Kleinberg 2010, 33-34).
government. An example of these interests is gaining territory which is under the control of
From the beginning of their establishment, the bilateral relations between the United States of America and China have changed throughout the time. The bilateral relations between the two countries emerged in the 1970’s with the ‘Ping-Pong’ diplomacy and there have been many pauses in their mutual relations. The US and China enjoyed cooperation in economic and military spheres and the mutual relations grew massively during until the end of 1990’s. The heads of the two states began visiting each other’s countries and the economic ties were tightening year by year. However, the issues of human rights and free speech declined mutual Sino-American relations.
The study of international relations takes a wide range of theoretical approaches. Some emerge from within the discipline itself others have been imported, in whole or in part, from disciplines such as economics or sociology. Indeed, few social scientific theories have not been applied to the study of relations amongst nations. Many theories of international relations are internally and externally contested, and few scholars believe only in one or another. In spite of this diversity, several major schools of thought are discernable, differentiated principally by the variables they emphasize on military power, material interests, or ideological beliefs. International Relations thinking have evolved in stages that are marked by specific debates between groups of scholars. The first major debate is between utopian liberalism and realism, the second debate is on method, between traditional approaches and behavioralism. The third debate is between neorealism/neoliberalism and neo-Marxism, and an emerging fourth debate is between established traditions and post-positivist alternatives (Jackson, 2007).
The main aim of cultural diplomacy is improving the image of a particular country, therefore, Japanese i...
international politics (politics in general) are objective to be interpreted by one's own understanding of