The Impacts Of Globalization And The Impact Of Civil Society

The world 's socio-economic is affected by globalisation for more than two eras. Ghaus-Pash (2004) quoted that new chances for economic growth have been furnished through globalisation process (e.g. direct foreign investment, exchange of technology and free trade) to some countries like America and United Kingdom. Meantime, globalisation in other countries such as Latin America and Africa connote rising economic deprivation and inequality as a result of their incapability to cope with new and rapid developments (Ghaus-Pash, 2004). In response to rising monetary deprivation and inequality, civil society organisations (CSOs) impose vital and crucial progress to assist the public authorities in recent epoch. According to the World Health Organization

The 'activitist’ was a term revived in Eastern Europe and Latin America, stressing that civil society was a means to depict efforts in generating independent public spaces in circumstance of authoritarian states. Currently, ‘civil society ' symbolises changes introduced between the society and the state which led to setting up self-organised institutions (Michnik, 1985). Developments of formal international instruments and human rights groups in Western countries are examples illustrated the influences of civil society in setting up independent public spaces. The term ‘neo-liberal’ refers to civil society with domain outside the political parties, targeted to reallocate and to democratise the state 's power. These civil societies proceed to generate public place and the atmosphere for individuals to behave and to communicate freely without constraint of state and capitalism. Besides, some scholars like Salamon and Anheier (1996) and Kaldor (2003) used other terms like ‘third sector’ or ‘non-profit sector’ to describe above-mentioned versions of civil society. In other words, these civil societies are organisations assisting both the state and the market, but not to dominate them (Kaldor, 2003). Voluntary associations, non-profit organizations and charitable entities are some examples of civil society rendering social services besides

Therefore, scholars (e.g. Lewis, 2002; Edwards, 2004; Mersha, 2009) proposed two common approaches to define civil society in the contemporary epoch: the ‘associational’ and ‘public sphere’. The ‘associational approach’ denotes that civil society mainly comprised ‘non-market’ organisations lying between the state and household, namely social movements, membership organisations and trade unions. On the other hand, the 'public sphere’ or ‘deliberative’ approach ' illustrates civil society as a domain with public controversy on formation and determination of society (DFID, 2004). Edwards (2009) supposed that both approaches of civil society are a 'good thing ' to public authorities and the society. He perceived that the former is more desirable for a more delegated and inclusive society. Meanwhile, the latter form of society deems to defend and to broaden public controversy as well as to improve participation of the excluded groups (e.g. rural women and poor people) (Edwards, 2009). The operational definitions and notions of civil society range from official and formal associations to informal and small social groups, yet commonalities are observed in their