The General Prologue - The Canterbury Tales

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The General Prologue - The Canterbury Tales

The General Prologue

The most popular part of the Canterbury Tales is the General Prologue,

which has long been admired for the lively, individualized portraits

it offers. More recent criticism has reacted against this approach,

claiming that the portraits are indicative of social types, part of a

tradition of social satire, "estates satire", and insisting that they

should not be read as individualized character portraits like those in

a novel. Yet it is sure that Chaucer's capacity of human sympathy,

like Shakespeare's, enabled him to go beyond the conventions of his

time and create images of individualized human subjects that have been

found not merely credible but endearing in every period from his own

until now.

It is the General Prologue that serves to establish firmly the

framework for the entire story-collection: the pilgrimage that risks

being turned into a tale-telling competition. The title "General

Prologue" is a modern invention, although a few manuscripts call it

prologus. There are very few major textual differences between the

various manuscripts. The structure of the General Prologue is a simple

one. After an elaborate introduction in lines 1 - 34, the narrator

begins the series of portraits (lines 35 - 719). These are followed by

a report of the Host's suggestion of a tale-telling contest and its

acceptance (lines 720 - 821). On the following morning the pilgrims

assemble and it is decided that the Knight shall tell the first tale

(lines 822 - 858).

Nothing indicates when Chaucer began to compose the General Prologue

and there are no variations between manuscripts that might suggest

that he revised it after making an initial version. It...

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...ed if

he does not put people in the order of their social rank, "My wit is

short, ye may well understand." This persona continues to profess the

utter naivety that we have already noted in his uncritical

descriptions of the pilgrims.

It is in this way, too, that we should approach the conclusion of the

Prologue. Here the Host of the Tabard Inn (Harry Bailey, a historical

figure) decides to go with them and ironically it is he, not Chaucer,

who proposes the story-telling contest that gives the framework of the

Tales. He will also be the ultimate judge of which is the best: "of

best sentence and most solas." He is, after all, well prepared by his

job to know about the tales people tell! One model for the literary

competition would seem to be the meetings of people interested in

poetry, known in French as puys, with which Chaucer would have been

familiar.

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