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The beginning of slavery in America
Indigenous african religions
The beginning of slavery in America
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The most popular account, during the era, of the slave experience was captured by the son of a West African village Chief, who was captured and made his way through the passage of the New world. Olaudah Equiano’s life was underscored as “[…] the greatest contradiction in the history of the eighteenth century-the simultaneous expansion of freedom and slavery.” (“Voices of Freedom” 63) Before being captured, the boy talks about daily life in the West African village and how the children lived in constant fear. “Generally, when the grown people in the neighborhood were gone far in the fields to labor, the children assembled together in some of the neighbours’ premises to play; and commonly some of us used to get up a tree to look out for any assailant, …show more content…
“Surely this is a new refinement in cruelty, which, while it has no advantage to atone for it, thus aggravates distress, and adds fresh horrors even to the wretchedness of slavery. “ (“Voices of Freedom” 67) However, many believed that there was no experience more wrenching “for African slaves in the colonies than the transition from traditional religions to Christianity.” (“Give Me Liberty” 136) Equaiano wrote that his beliefs focused on a single “creator of all things,” who “governs events” on earth. Although “the slaves who ended up in British North America, however, came from the forest regions of West Africa, where traditional religions continued to be practiced” (“Give Me Liberty” 136) many beliefs seemed more similar to those of Native Americans than to …show more content…
The Petition of Slaves to the Massachusetts Legislature states, “your petitioners apprehend that they have in common with all other men a natural and unalienable right to that freedom which the Great Parent of the Universe has bestowed equally on all mankind and which they have never forfeited by any compact or agreement whatever, but…were unjustly dragged by the hand of cruel power from their dearest friends and some of them even torn from the embraces of their tender parents, from a populous, pleasant, and plentiful country and in violation of laws of nature and of nations and in defiance of all the tender feelings of humanity brought here either to be sold like beasts of burden and like them condemned to slavery for life, among a people professing the mild religion of Jesus, a people not insensible of the secrets of rational being nor without spirit to resent the unjust endeavors of others to reduce them to a state of bondage and subjection.” (“Voices of Freedom” 115) The petitioners continue to state that they are urgently awaiting the consideration of their petition “whereby they may be restored to the enjoyments of that which is the natural right of all men-and their children who were born in this land of liberty may not be held as slaves after they arrive at the age of twenty-one years. “ (“Voices of Freedom” 116) Besides economies and politics benefiting off the unjust servitude of Africans, they also gained power by taking advantage of colonists, who like the
Similar to the previous document, Document 6, the individuals writing this urges the state of Massachusetts to grant them freedom. In the introduction to this document, a contradiction is addressed by Holton, discussing the colonists’ views on King George III’s policies. Holton states: “White colonists’ protests often charged that the policies adopted by King George III and Parliament took away their liberty and even threatened to “enslave them” (Holton 46). Based on this, one would imply that the colonists are not used to this type of oppression being placed on their lifestyle. It seems that the colonists felt as if they were going to be treated like slaves. This protest contradicts itself because the colonists are the originally the ones that are oppressing and setting strict rules and laws against African Americans. In addition, it appears that the colonists are unbothered with treating the slaves worse than the result of King George and Parliament’s policies, but suddenly it is not okay once that action is placed upon the colonists themselves. Another document that speaks on these contradictions is Document 10. This document examines Phillis Wheatley’s letter to Samson Occom. Wheatley’s letter to Occum denotes the colonists’ insistence to break free from Britain’s wrath and their persistence to keep slavery in the United States. Wheatley attempts to
The fight for racial equality is one of the most prominent issues Americans have faced throughout history and even today; as the idea that enslaving individuals is unethical emerged, many great and innovative authors began writing about the issues that enslaved people had to face. Olaudah Equiano was no exception. In his work The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, he attempts to persuade his readers that the American way of slavery is brutal, inhumane, and unscrupulous. Equiano manages to do this by minimizing the apparent differences between himself and his primarily white audience, mentioning the cruelties that he and many other slaves had to face, and the advantages of treating your slaves correctly.
Slavery in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries consisted of brutal and completely unjust treatment of African-Americans. Africans were pulled from their families and forced to work for cruel masters under horrendous conditions, oceans away from their homes. While it cannot be denied that slavery everywhere was horrible, the conditions varied greatly and some slaves lived a much more tolerable life than others. Examples of these life styles are vividly depicted in the personal narratives of Olaudah Equiano and Mary Prince. The diversity of slave treatment and conditions was dependent on many different factors that affected a slave’s future. Mary Prince and Olaudah Equiano both faced similar challenges, but their conditions and life styles
The narrative of Olaudah Equiano is truly a magnificent one. Not only does the reader get to see the world through Equiano's own personal experiences, we get to read a major autobiography that combined the form of a slave narrative with that of a spiritual conversion autobiography. Religion may be viewed as at the heart of the matter in Equiano's long, remarkable journey. Through Equiano's own experiences, the reader uncovers just how massive a role religion played in the part of his Narrative and in that of his own life. More specifically, we learn of how his religious conversion meant a type of freedom as momentous as his own independence from slavery. As one reads his tale, one learns just how dedicated he his to that of his Christian faith; from his constant narration of the scriptures to the way that Equiano feels a growing sense of empowerment from the biblical texts for the oppressed community. However, at the same time, one may question Equiano's own Christian piety. Did Equiano really seek to tell the tale of his soul's spiritual journey, did he really believe God would set him free or was he simply using religion as a ways of manipulating British and American readers to accept him as a credible narrator. Regardless of which of these facts is true, religion is quite possibly the defining feature of his life story.
It should be noted that the Declaration of Independence made it clear that “all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” Although this progressive view was shared by many of the members of the Constitutional Convention, it is clear that the original text of the American Constitution is rather pro-slavery and up to a certain point protects the slave-owners. It is of utmost importance to note that the words slavery/slave are not used in the text of the Constitution.
It was once thought that slavery was just a normal civilized part of life, whether you owned a slave or were one, that’s just how it was. In the eighteenth and nineteenth century, slavery was a well know topic, and slave narratives such as the ones by Rowlandson and Equiano were becoming quite popular. Slave narratives such as these assisted in revealing the horrors of slavery. Both these slave narratives have similar traits that helped people around the world better understand the perils of slavery. Both the Rowlandson and Equiano slave narratives utilize the perils of slavery, and one might say they are “one in the same.” Both Rowlandson and Equiano were abruptly taken from their home, and forced to live somewhere they could not have
In comparison to other slaves that are discussed over time, Olaudah Equiano truly does lead an ‘interesting’ life. While his time as a slave was very poor, there are certainly other slaves that he mentions that received far more damaging treatment than he did. In turn, this inspires him to fight for the abolishment of slavery. By pointing out both negative and positive events that occurred, the treatment he received from all of his masters, the impact that religion had on his life and how abolishing slavery could benefit the future of everyone as a whole, Equiano develops a compelling argument that does help aid the battle against slavery. For Olaudah Equiano’s life journey, he expressed an array of cruelties that came with living the life of an African slave; which demonstrates all of the suffering that he endured, then proving how much it can change one’s point of view in life.
The narrative by Olaudah Equiano gives an interesting perspective of slavery both within and outside of Africa in the eighteenth century. From these writings we can gain insight into the religion and customs of an African culture. We can also see how developed the system of trade was within Africa, and worldwide by this time. Finally, we hear an insider's view on being enslaved, how slaves were treated in Africa, and what the treatment of African slaves was like at the hands of the Europeans.
The American Revolution was a “light at the end of the tunnel” for slaves, or at least some. African Americans played a huge part in the war for both sides. Lord Dunmore, a governor of Virginia, promised freedom to any slave that enlisted into the British army. Colonists’ previously denied enlistment to African American’s because of the response of the South, but hesitantly changed their minds in fear of slaves rebelling against them. The north had become to despise slavery and wanted it gone. On the contrary, the booming cash crops of the south were making huge profits for landowners, making slavery widely popular. After the war, slaves began to petition the government for their freedom using the ideas of the Declaration of Independence,” including the idea of natural rights and the notion that government rested on the consent of the governed.” (Keene 122). The north began to fr...
Lee, Desmond. “The Study of African American Slave Narratives “Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl” and “Narrative of Frederick Douglass”.” Studies of Early African americans. 17 (1999): 1-99. Web. EBSCO
Published in 1789, “The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano” tells the captivating life story of none other than Olaudah Equiano himself. Not only did this story contribute to British’s abolitionist movement but it also depicts the Trans-Atlantic slave trade. The narrative, written by Equiano, told about his experience as a slave. For the majority of Equiano’s life he went by the name of Gustavus Vassa, which one of his masters Henry Pascal gave to him. Equiano goes through his memories as a child, in Eboe, better known today as Nigeria. Equiano was born in 1745 in a region named Essaka. At a young age the British kidnapped, sold, and separated both his sister and himself. Eventually, a slave trade bought Equiano. Equiano describes his journey from the Middle Passage to the West Indies on to Virginia. In Virginia, Henry Pascal, the Captain of a British trading vessel bought Equiano. Before King, a slave owner in Montserrat, bought him, Equiano spent many years at sea. In Montserrat, Equiano continually traveled the sea on trade routes. Along the way of the trade routes Equiano traded his own goods. Through doing this he earned enough money to buy his freedom back. King only made Equiano pay him 40 pounds for his freedom, which was the same amount he had bought Equiano for. Equiano then was able to live the life of a free man and later returned to England. Through Equiano’s life he experienced many different events that changed his views of race.
"The Life of Olaudah Equiano” is a captivating story in which Equiano, the author, reflects on his life from becoming a slave to a freeman during the 19th century. Through his experiences and writing, Equiano paints a vivid picture of the atrocities and cruelties of European slavery. Ultimately through his narrative, Equiano intends to persuade his audience, the British government, to abolish the Atlantic slave trade as well as alert them of the harsh treatment of slaves. He successfully accomplishes his goal by subtly making arguments through the use of character, action, and setting.
Throughout history freedom has had many different meanings and definitions; based on race, gender, and ethnicity. According to the dictionary freedom means the state of being free or at liberty rather than in confinement or under physical restraint (“freedom” def. 1). Freedom may seem like something given to everyone however it was something workers had to fight for. Not everyone believed that workers’ rights needed to be changed, which led to a long battle between workers, employers and the government. To the working class people freedom meant making higher wages, having regulated hours, workable conditions and the right to free speech.
In his autobiography, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, he begins with a detailed description of life in his homeland. He describes a culture that had a hierarchal, patriarchal system, not unlike that of Pocahontas’ tribe. There is an established government, with chiefs and judges, one of which, is his father. It is important to note that while Equiano states that he was slated to claim the status of “grandeur”, he never reached that point in his narrative before he was kidnapped and sold as but another slave in the Middle Passage. Thus, early life for Equiano, while perhaps better than some of his counterparts, was still of the same class, dictated by the governance of these socially superior figures. Similar to Pocahontas too, Equiano eventually regained a “free” status. But unlike Pocahontas who is still bound by the voyeuristic gaze of the men surrounding her, Equiano’s unfreedom stems from the social stigma and struggle of being non-white European. As he recounted during his time in the Barbados, “as I knew there was little or no law for a free negro here […].” The social intolerance of African people, while different in the Caribbean from in England or America, was still clear.
In West African Narratives of Slavery, Sandra Greene charts a different route than the typical text that highlights the infamous slave trade along the coasts of West Africa. The text focuses on the lives of Africans who were slaves of their fellow Africans and provides a perspective that contrasts the stories those who faced the burdens of continental travel. To enlighten readers on the impact of the slave trade and slavery on the West African locals, Greene contextualizes primary source evidence. The use of primary source evidence allows readers to closely follow Africans enslavement on the continent and their attempts at liberation. The text also uses this primary source evidence to show the slow cultural shifts that emerge in the