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Project management techniques
Project management techniques
Project management techniques
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Introduction
According to Zwikael and Globerson (2004), "Faulty planning will result in project failure, whereas high-quality project planning increases the project's chances of success." So the trick for any successful project manager is to have the greatest possible awareness of planning tools, techniques, and methods. While we can utilize many project planning tools in several ways that may be interrelated, or even have similar functions i.e. The Critical Path Method and PERT or the MOSCOW and Agile methods, each process can shine under the proper conditions. The availability of IT and cloud-based systems has also increased the accessibility of many of these methods to include Kanban, Scrum, and various simulations. This wide variety and ready availability make skipping the project planning phase inexcusable.
This paper will provide a comparison
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According to a Rand Corporation Memorandum for the US Air Force in 1963, “the mathematical assumptions underlying the PERT management system are of doubtful validity, and even granting these assumptions there are still serious computational difficulties involved in getting the desired answers.” It also notes that the deficiencies of the system include its failures to address resource allocation, correlations between activity durations, and limited feedback value (Slyke, 1963). A 1965 study conducted at the University of Iowa revealed that 42 percent of the companies surveyed wanted to utilize PERT but were “Functionally unable to use it (Schoderbek, 1965). The passage of did not change much. A 1978 study found that PERT was still used in less than half of the US Aerospace industry, one of the most technologically sophisticated industries at that time (Klementowski, p. 65). While project software and computer technology have streamlined the development of PERT charts since then, its use is still limited in its accessibility to the average
As the world is constantly changing in terms of program needs and the requirements to achieve them, there is a demand for innovative and tactical ways to increase success in achieving project objectives. The ever-changing technological climate, market dynamics, relatively short-lived solutions and the arduous integration of business and I.T., have proved stumbling blocks in managing complex programs and ultimately attaining desired results on time and on budget.
Planning phase involves completion of the project scope plan, WBS, schedule of the project plan, cost and procurement of the project plan. According to the research study, the organizations need to spend a certain amount of time on planning and initiating phase. These plans address the knowledge areas. In this phase, we need to estimate the cost and obtain resources for the project. The team members need to reassess the plan at each and every phase of the project.
- Merchant, K., Planning and Budgeting Systems, in: Merchant K.A., W.A. van der Stede, Management Control Systems, Performance Measurement, Evaluation and Incentives, Prentice Hall, 2007
SDLC( Software Development Life Cycle) , is a process used by the software industry to design, develop and test high quality software .The SDLC aim to produce good quality software that meets or exceeds the user’s expectation and reaches completion within time and cost estimates.
13 Jacobs, D.A. and Keating C.B. “Process Analysis and Personnel Development Program. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA, April 1998.
In this article, teams from the various aerospace company’s departments were set up to examine their processes and seek ways to become more efficient. At the beginning, the team members were excited and were exceeding their goals for improvement. Upper management watched the project carefully, and team members were rewarded and praised for achieving their set goals. Management was convinced that the project was going well.
Project planning in teams is an integral constituent of team dynamics. When a team has been already formed it is time for it to start working on a project in order to reach the goals of the team or company in a whole. It is necessary to keep in mind two peculiarities about team projects. The first peculiarity is that all projects no matter what their goals are need to be carefully planned and structured before the implementation. And the second peculiarity is that the given projects will be performed not by an individual but a group of individuals, which may result in a certain conflict of interests or other problems, which may be encountered while working with a group of people.
The project management plan will help the organization to manage all the foreseeable risks in a timely, proactive, effective, and appropriate manner. The aim of the project management process is to maximize the chances of the project achieving its objectives, while minimizing the risks and keeping them at an acceptable level. The scope and objective of the risk management plan are as follows:
“Our plans miscarry because they have no aim. When a man does not know what harbor he is making for, no wind is the right wind” a famous quote about our goal by Seneca. It is a metaphor about the achievement goal and objectives by good planning skills. One has to plan for what one wants to achieve and where one wants to go. One of the most important things is to have good planning, before taking any project the first think you should do is to create project plan. Planning can be defined as preparing a sequence of action to achieve specific goals and objectives. According to Kerzner (2009), “project planning is desirable that the project manager is involved from project conception through execution. It must be systematic, flexible to handle, closely disciplined through reviews and control and capable of accepting multi functional inputs (pg. 412)”. The importance of planning a project is to describe the work so that it will be easily identifiable to the project team member.
“Using PM System doesn’t improve the performance of an organization. PM system incorporates of not only evaluating performance appraisals but also rewards. As quoted by Sheridan (2009) and Latham (2005), “the cultural maturation of performance based can take decades to implement and requires the organizations to allocate the required resources”. Technology plays a pivotal role in future of PM systems where e-monitoring of performance of employees in Hilton and other entities respectively can change the evolution of performance management thus bringing necessary and important changes to stay competitive in the market as well increasing an individual’s productivity in the company (Sheridan & Latham, 2005)”.
There are different phase, which are followed in different types of crystal methodologies. In Crystal Clear method, it is documents, roles of the people and the process, which is being followed. It is best for the companies where all the employees are sitting in the same room. This stresses upon the importance of collaboration and coordination among the team members. It is very obvious that if the people are discussing project design, priorities, problems, possible solutions in the same room then it would affect the overall performance of the team. It will enhance their performance and their understanding about the project technically. This is the reason that companies doing small projects which are following the Crystal Clear methodology achieve maximum with the help of this project related communication and collaboration.
Project Management practice varies considerably from one type of project to another (Payne and Turner, 1999) and its methods are essentially designed for the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to manage activities so as to meet the project objectives (PMI, 2013). A range of different tools, techniques, and approaches are applied to distinct types of projects in order to adapt project management procedures to the specific needs of each project (Crawford et al., 2005). The application of the principles of project management have been considered to be very efficient in the management and control of projects (Murphy and Ledwith, 2007). Project managers tackle different tasks and challenges throughout a project implementation,
However, in some cases we need to develop strategies for them to improve their efficiency, improve their machinery, install backup generation, etc. In these scenarios, a team is developed with the consultant being the project manager or point man. Therefore, these projects require the four functions to be followed so we can develop the best possible solution. The first function used is “Planning”, which allows us to outline a strategy catering to the specific needs of our client. The “Planning” function also gives us a time table on how long the project will take to complete, who needs to be involved, and how we expect to accomplish each goal.
When implementing a new performance management system in an organization there are both advantages and disadvantages that need to be taken into consideration by the design team. However, one of the best ways to know if a performance management system is effective is by implementing the system within the organization and then continuously monitor and reevaluate if the system is still relevant to the organizational
When planning a new project, how the project will be managed is one of the most important factors. The importance of a managers will determine the success of the project. The success of the project will be determined by how well it is managed. Project management is referred to as the discipline that entails the processes of carefully planning, organizing, controlling, and motivating the organization resources so as to foster and facilitate the achievement of specific established and desired goals and meet the specific criteria of success required in the organization (Larson, 2014). Over the course of this paper I will be discussing and analyzing the importance of project management.