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Nature of contract in construction
What is the nature of construction contract
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The construction industry sits at the epicenter of many legal disputes, likely because the interactions between construction professionals and property owners dip into a variety of law areas: real estate, contract, employment and tort. The industry is subject to construction laws that have grown from state statutes and cases (mainly from federal government contracts). Many of the doctrines from federal cases are adopted into state law, but states also choose to stretch or narrow these doctrines as needed.
Construction contracts and design agreements are central to construction business dealings from simple home renovations to large, multi-million dollar contracts. They are also where most of the legal issues stem from. It’s important to note that these contracts typically include a choice of law clause that indicates the state’s law (where the project takes place) will trump all other construction law in the case of disputes. In addition, tort claims may arise between parties who do not have a contract or from a third party not involved with the construction project. Construction professionals also face the legal ramifications of property law, which could have a significant impact on a project outcome.
This paper will boil down the mass of legal issues facing the construction industry through these facets into three distinct areas of law that, as they evolve, may govern the further transformation of the construction industry in the United States. First, we will dissect the regulatory legal environment in the construction industry at a greater depth and highlight three emerging issues pervading construction litigation today: health and safety hazards, the no damage for delay cause, and the public project restrictions on contrac...
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..., OSHA is responsible for enforcing the whistleblower laws regarding to illegal behaviors during construction.
General Contractors/Subcontractors Health and Safety Perspective: Contractors should follow all the applicable laws to product the safety and health of workers and the public. Contractors have the obligation to recognize hazards and abate them, and to train workers. Contractors are liable to hazards if they fail to fulfill their duties.
Workers Health and Safety Perspective: Workers are required to be trained to learn about the possible hazards and solutions. For example, scaffolding, fall protection, excavations, etc. Workers are also required to wear necessary protective equipment during the construction process. In addition, workers have the right to negotiate for better working environment and get compensations if injured during construction.
Ron Engineering & Construction Eastern Ltd. v. The Queen in Right of Ontario et al. 24 O.R. (2d) 332,
In all but name, building codes have been present in the construction industry for thousands of years. They can be found as far back as 1700BC, when King Hammurabi declared that the builder was responsible for and structural failure that occurred (Remmer & Norton, 1981). In a somewhat biblical fashion, the builder received ‘An eye for an eye’ punishment. Codes of practice have vastly evolved, however are still an essential component of the industry.
The OSH Act gave OSHA the authority to come into work places and inspect facilities for health and safety risks. Due to shortages in personnel, OSHA inspects accidents and safety complaints that are filed, and those facilities that have a high volume of accident rates. If an individual state has an approved safety and health enforcement plan, then they may be exempt from yearly inspections by OSHA and have their own state personnel conduct the inspections. The Act sets a maximum penalty for safety and health violations, but OSHA has the authority to calculate fines. If an industry objects to the citation or fine, they can go before the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission.
Occupational health and safety (OHS) laws require employers and all other workplace parties to consult and cooperate in the management of workplace risks, in order to protect the health and safety of workers and others who might be at risk from the work.
Currently, XYZ Construction Inc. receives a majority of their contracts from the state government. The purpose of this essay is to analyze and discuss ethical and social issues, along with cultural diversity when expanding
The construction site was in a downtown area of a large southeastern city, criss-crossed with city streets, utilities, and immediately adjacent to mid-rise and high rise buildings. Nearly all of the work was required to be constructed within temporary piling structures to limit settlement of adjacent structures. The construction contract called for seven phase releases of work areas and nine completion milestones, each milestone has its own liquidated damages penalty. The construction contract was valued at $10 million, and the duration was 545 calendar days. Following the completion of the work, the contractor filed a claim for $5.5 million and 1.1 million in interest. The authority subsequently denied the claim and the contractor, in accordance with the contract, filed an arbitration demand with the American Arbitration Association. Following the contractor’s issuance of the demand letter, the parties agreed to resolve the dispute through negotiation” (Ray,
Construction is a huge, complex and high risk industry. To survive in such a competitive environment, most companies try to find their own niche markets where they can prove to be successful. Most construction projects are awarded to one of the local contractor within a certain proximity to the job location, so that their expertise on local labor, materials and market conditions can ensure the success of a project. This results in these companies executing a major part of their jobs in the region they are based out of. They remain profitable and content with
In this case a large engineering consulting firm was contracted by the government to perform civil engineering work for the installation of equipment that would be later used to train firefighters. Prior to the actual work being commenced on site, Donald J. Giffels, president of the consulting firm soon realized through careful observation that there was a significant amount of ambiguity in how critical safety systems were to be designed. In this situation, what are the ethical issues that the consulting firm faces in accepting such a contract from the government. What is the optimal strategy in responding to what Donald J. .Giffels identified as an unacceptable lapse in safety. These two important questions are discussed in further detail with a conclusion of noteworthy facts surrounding this case following.
Following the growing consensus within and outside the construction industry that corruption and other unethical practices are endemic in the industry, coupled with scarce empirical study on professional ethics in the industry. Ethical behaviour in the construction industry is a subject which rarely discussed openly (Miller, 2011). Construction projects have suffered from under-achievement in the recent past, because professionals’ misconduct has been on the increase. Through the construction industry is the key driver of economic growth in many countries, the industry faces a long list of ethical challenges related to behaviour, c...
Engineers possess jobs that require the utmost care and responsibility. Structural engineers have the responsibility of making decisions that affect the structural integrity of buildings, bridges, dams, et cetera. Engineers daily make decisions that affect the outcome of projects. The construction industry revolves around money; consequently, employers sometimes request engineers to overlook a certain aspect of their project that breaks certain building or city codes. This situation forces an engineer to anger his employer and follow the engineering “Code of Ethics,” or to ignore the “Code of Ethics” and risk endangering the public and facing litigation. Engineers deal with problems every day; therefore, engineers have the responsibility to
The importance of lien services in the construction industry cannot be ignored. Even the smallest of construction projects go through the same process, protocols and procedures in order to complete successfully. In order to ensure that all the paperwork involved is current and in order and that all the parties involved in the project such as contractor and suppliers are paid for their services, many company offer their services. They exist solely to protect the rights their lien rights.
Construction regulation require that protective clothing, equipment or devices are worn to protect the worker. What data and sources are available? Explain the websites or information you will be reviewing.
Every one of them have their own role, duties and responsibilities when working at the place of the work. Worker is the one that work under the operate of the contractor on the site. For those the worker that have huge experience, knowledge and appropriate skill, he or she can conduct the work. Furthermore, worker are provided with safety and health training and supervision to make sure all of them can work without risk to their personal health, aware of the risk at the workplace and also must follow all the rule and procedure that are already fix by OSHA. Co-operate between the worker and the duty holder are important at the site too.
I believe falling hazards remain a problem due to the complexity of these projects, worker’s behaviour and misjudgement. These factors become critical concerns when the employer does not have the proper planning and procedures in place, the supervisor and workers are not fully utilizing there training adequately and efforts are not being made to improve the program by all stakeholders. Many companies experience an incident of this nature when these factors take place, especially when control measures of the hazard is prolonged and neglected it becomes the norm and creates a negative
After that, they will move to the new construction site. As a result, the contractor or the sub-contractor is not willing or not able to provide training for these temporary workers. The firm may think that it is a waste of money to educate workers about workplace safety. Therefore, this temporary employment practice is one of the cause of the ignorance of the construction site safety by the workers. Besides, usually the construction workers learn their skills through the job. However, they seldom learn about construction site safety from it. As a result, they forgo and ignore the importance of the safety. Then this leads to the high accident rate in the construction site. Low education level of workers is another cause of the high accident rate. As they are not well-educated, the knowledge and the awareness of the construction safety are not instilled properly and adequately, so they are more easily to be exposed to the construction accident, then results in high accident rate in the construction industry compared with other