The Cause of the Industrial Revolution
In discussing the main developments of the Industrial Revolution, we
must first look at the Agricultural Revolution and the effects of
enclosure as writes Peter Mathias a secondary source, "to be given
identity, the concept (the Industrial Revolution) implies the onset of
a fundamental change in the structure of an economy; a fundamental
redeployment of resources away from agriculture" (Peter Mathias
(1969,p2) The First Industrial Nation). The agricultural revolution
was the precursor to the industrial revolution and began around 1650,
with parliamentary enclosure acts dominating the period 1750 - 1830.
Enclosure changed agriculture from an open field system, whereby the
villagers would each farm on a strip of land to provide for their own
requirements to a system of private land management of enclosed fields
and individual landowners took over control of the land. The community
no longer had communal rights to the land and had to look to the large
landowner for their living. Enclosing the land brought benefits to
agricultural productivity from new crop rotation and heavy manuring,
but for the peasant farmers they were displaced of their land and
forced to find work elsewhere. Farming became less labour intensive
and the large farms contributed to a rural labour surplus.
The Agricultural Revolution created wealthy landowners, which in turn
added to a financial situation favourable for the industrial
revolution. As M.W. Flinn a writes in Origins of the Industrial
Revolution, a secondary source "there is much truth in the assertion
that the increase in rents, itself mainly the product of enclosur...
... middle of paper ...
...g ought to be done in regard to it."
Bibliography
Class notes 19/09/04 The theory of 'take-off' W.Rostow 'The Stages of
Economic Growth'
Class notes 29/09/04 Banking and Finance
Class notes 29/09/04 Industrial Revolution Background Events
Class notes 29/09/04 Map 5 The British Empire 1783
Class notes 30/09/04 Conditions in England 1832 - 1853
Dale, Henry & Dale, Rodney (1992). The Industrial Revolution, London,
The British Library
Flinn, M.W. (1966). Origins of the Industrial Revolution, London,
Longmans Green & Co Ltd
Mathias, Peter (1969). The First Industrial Nation, London, Methuen &
Co Ltd
http://histclo.hispeed.com accessed 4/10/04
http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/oliver/context.html accessed 4/10/04
http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/IR/036.html accessed
1/10/04
Farmers’ incomes were low, and in order to make a profit on what they produced, they begun to expand the regions in which they sold their products in. This was facilitated through the railroads, by which through a series of grants from the government as...
Lack of peasants and laborers sent wages soaring, and the value of land plummeted. For the first time in history the scales tipped against wealthy landlords as peasants and serfs gained more bargaining power. Without architects, masons and artisans, great cathedrals and castles remained unfinished for hundreds of years. Governments, lacking officials, floundered in their attempts to create order out of chaos. The living lost all sense of morality and justice, and a new attitude toward the church emerged.
For example, when they had sheep in this land, they were only allowed to bring in a certain number. If they saw another person with a number bigger than that in which was allowed, it would be up to that person to take action. The land was for everyone and if one person was selfish than it would affect the ratios of everyone in the
...s. These lands were “usually in less desirable locations and discouraged any successful transition to agriculture”.24
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The smallholders (farmers) were in “the midst of a nation brought to the verge of moral, political and material ruin” (Foner, 2013,p.642). They have been faced by numerous struggles politically as well as economically. To begin with, they were denied the right to direct vote and choose a representative to remedy their problems. Corruption has manifested through the congress and legislatures. The capitalists hav...
For centuries machines have fueled the functioning of our society by being the foundations of business and labor. This all started in Britain, due to the island’s abundant natural resources in coal and the country’s booming cotton industry. Although the Industrial Revolution sparked a successful economy, it lowered the quality of life for many people. Because of the Industrial Revolution, children had to labor in the factories, poor people felt they were not treated properly by the factory owners, and living spaces were polluted and taken away for the purposes of mechanization. Children were expected to work in factories in order to help provide for their families; this meant that their childhoods were taken away from them, as they had to work
countryside and follow the jobs, which led them to move to the cities. Economics weren't the
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The Period of 1730-1850 was one of the most influential, if not the most influential period, of human advancement. This time gave us many of the basic things we see all around us today, from our current wealth based system to the use of unions. It gave us the engine, it gave us a global economy. The Industrial Revolution was, and is, incredibly important. In the space of 5 generations, man went from farming for his living to operating mammoth machines. Man went from an unorganized group of warring people to a global economy. The Industrial Revolution truly boosted humanity to its next step into the future.
It began as a muddy pool, which was the meaning of the city’s original name: Liuerpul. Liverpool, located in England, was found by King John during 1207. It was known for being a port town, which was used to send soldiers and supplies to the Irish Sea during the conquering of Ireland by England. As years passed, King John divided the land and allowed people to establish houses and to start living. Later, they were given more freedom to start their own organizations. Over the next centuries, population grew and fell constantly because of poverty and famine. The economy wasn’t stable enough to give the city a proud name. It was not until the years between 1760 and 1850, when a big era hit the city of Liverpool, called Industrial Revolution. It became a success because of new technology that was invented to increase the population and secure its safety. Liverpool's industrialization became a success because new ideas and inventions affected the size of population and development of Liverpool.
The Industrial Revolution is a period that started around the 1750s, and is a period we are currently living in; it is seen today as one of the most dramatic and impactful eras in human-history. Thanks to Britain’s start-up of the period, we now have a society in which progress is culturally embedded as a necessity to survive. This was developed by the revolutionary inventions of the period, along with the strive for innovation from other international countries.
The famous term, the “Great Divergence”, refers to the great progress by Western European countries and some parts of New World who overcame other comparable counterparts such as the Qing dynasty of China, Mughal Empire of India, Japan and Ottoman Empire. There have been a series of debates, researches, and studies for why industrial revolutions did not happen during the Ming/Qing dynasties. Known as the Industrial Revolution, this progress led mankind to the transition of mass producing status of machines, heavy industries and irons from hand-made productions. There is no consensus for what is the most significant factor which led to the Industrial Revolution, yet. In this paper, I described major established theories made by two famous scholars for this issue, Pomeranz and Elvin. Furthermore, I discussed other plausible explanations that might explain this controversial topic.
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