The main causes of women choose to be surrogate mothers are poverty and kind human being, and its result in physical and mental effects to the surrogate mother.
II. Surrogacy is often done or committed is because of poverty.
A. Effects of poverty
1. Hunger
2. Sickness
B. Surrogacy is becoming a growing business.
1. Earn more money in order to overcome their hardship
III. Surrogacy is being done by people.
A. Help relative that could not reproduce offspring
1. Strengthen the bonds between family members
B. Surrogate mother will feel delighted and happy after giving birth successfully
1. Bring a new life to this world
2. Emotional affected by original parents
3. Feel proud for doing something not ordinal
IV. Several physical effects on surrogate mother.
A. Risks that associated with traditional pregnancies
1. Morning sickness
2. Muscle strain
3. Weight gain
B. Risk of gestational surrogacy
1. Inflection or bleeding
V. The surrogate mother might result in psychological problem.
A. Giving baby away
1. Bond develop between pregnant mother and child
B. Abortion
1. Parents want to terminate the pregnancy of surrogate mother
C. Family conflict
1. Not accepted or supported by family
2. Family of surrogate mother develop an emotional attachment to the unborn baby
VI. Conclusion.
The Cause and Effects of Surrogacy
Throughout many centuries, not able to produce next generation has been problematic. People who cannot reproduce, face issues of sadness, shame, and decapitating. Luckily, science has presented the thought of surrogacy. Surrogacy is a third party agreement whereby a lady consents to get pregnant with the end goal of conceiving a baby for others to raise. This methodology permits couples to ...
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The woman who conceives, carries and gives birth to the child is called the surrogate mother. There are two types of surrogacy: traditional surrogacy and gestational surrogacy. Traditional surrogacy involves the sperm from the intended father (also known as the sperm donor) and the egg of the surrogate mother. Therefore, in this case, the surrogate mother is the genetic mother of the child. The second type is gestational surrogacy. Gestational surrogacy involves the extraction of the egg from the intended mother, and the transfer of the embryo into the surrogate’s uterus. This means that the surrogate mother is not genetically related to the child. Within the two types of surrogacy, there are two types of surrogacy arrangements: altruistic (non-commercial) and commercial. Under the Surrogacy Act 2010 (Qld), a commercial surrogacy arrangement is when a person receives payment, reward, or other material benefit or advantage for entering into the surrogacy arrange...
Surrogate pregnancy was talked about and questioned in the early 1970’s but was not put into practice until 1976. The first case documented actually comes from the bible. It was the story of Abraham and Sarah. Sarah talks about her experience with infertility. She then turns to Hagar, her handmaiden, and asks her if she would carry their child for them since she was unable to. Hagar was their maid so in a way it was a command, not exactly a favor or question.
Goldstein, Jennifer. "I didn’t look for my birth parents": being adopted can raise a lot of question." Cosmo Girl Nov. 2005: 100. Print.
Munz, M. (2013, April 07). Why are so many u.s. women dying during childbirth?. Retrieved from http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/why-are-so-many-u-s-women-dying-during-childbirth/article_dd916b4b-38f0-5bae-ba42-ddee636e4cf4.html
Commercial surrogacy commodifies children because by paying the surrogate mother to give up her child, they treat the child as an object of exchange or commodity that can be bought and sold. As any business transaction, the parents give money for the exchange of an object, the child. The parents get their desired child and the mother gets the money, but what about what thee child think about this event? The parents and surrogate mother’s action were done with self-interest. It could be argued that they wanted the best for the child. However, the first priority in the intentional procreation of the child was not the welfare of the child but rather to give it up to the parents in exchange of money. Additionally, women’s labor is commodified because the surrogate mother treats her parental rights as it was a property right not as a trust. In other words, the decisions taken concerning the child are not done primarily for the benefit of the child. The act of the mother relenting her parental rights is done for a monetary price. She disposes of her parental rights, which are to be managed for the welfare of the owner, as if they were property right, which are to be handled for personal
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Gestational surrogacy, especially when it involves commercial surrogates, challenges the status quo in the ethical theory of reproduction, because with this technology the process of producing a child can no longer remain a private matter. Now a public contract exists between two parties, the couple and the surrogate ...
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Arguments against commercial surrogacy typically revolve around the idea that surrogacy is a form of child-selling. Critics believe that commercial surrogacy violates both women’s and children’s rights. In addition, by making surrogacy contracts legally enforceable, courts will follow the contract rather than choose what is best for the child. However, in her article “Surrogate Mothering: Exploring Empowerment” Laura Pudry is not convinced by these arguments.
Aside from including medical complications, there are psychological risks for the surrogate, future psychological risks of the child, lack of trust between surrogate and intended parents, etc. Women may have psychological reactions when being surrogate mothers that include depression when surrendering the child, grief, and even refusal to release the child. This can be seen in the iconic Baby M case. In the Baby M case, a traditional surrogacy was arranged between the Sterns and Mary Beth Whitehead. All went smoothly until the last few months of the pregnancy, when Whitehead began acting on her own. After bearing the child, she had a very difficult time surrendering the baby, and returned the next day saying she was suicidal because of it. (Baby M and Mary Beth Whitehead. Surrogate Pregnancy in Court) She threatened to kill herself and the baby if she didn’t get to keep her. Whitehead had kept the baby for months after childbirth while the trial was taking place. There was an ongoing struggle between Whitehead and Mr. Stern, the two biological parents each wanting custody, and they developed a sort of odd relationship, acting as though they are a couple. In the testimony, Whitehead and Stern discuss the fate of “their” baby, completely disregarding Mrs. Stern, who was the intended mother. (Surrogacy: Baby M) The issue with traditional surrogacy is that the intended mother has no biological nor physical tie with the child. It can cause an identity issue for the child and problems in the future for the parents, saying that only one of the intended parents is actually biologically related to the child. The technological solution to that problem is gestational surrogacy, but that has issues of its own. Gestational surrogacy involves a surrogate implanted with the fertilized egg(s) of the intended parents through IVF. IVF has its own list of ethical issues and risks, but for the sake of simplicity, IVF involves some medical risks.
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Surrogacy is becoming extremely popular as a way for people to build their families and women to have a source of income. Many people have various reasons for their opposition to it whether it be by comparing it to prostitution or disagreeing with how military wives take advantage of the Tricare insurance. Lorraine Ali states in her article “The Curious Lives of Surrogates” that one of the more popular reasons to oppose surrogacy is that it contradicts, “what we’ve always thought of as an unbreakable bond between mother and child.” However, a woman’s inability to conceive her own children does not determine the absence of a mother to child bond.
Most young people envision their future in the realm of getting married and creating a family. One of the most devastating things that can happen to a young couple is to be told they cannot have children. There are several options the couple can pursue, and one of those options available is surrogacy. Society today is torn on whether or not surrogacy should be legal in today’s world. Surrogacy is very controversial for many people around the world, and opinions are strong on the subject. Surrogacy is defined as the utilization of a third party female in order for a infertile family to create a biological child for their family. Legalized surrogacy is important to many couples as an option of creating the family they have always dreamed
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