What if your people were oppressed, jailed and killed just for being who they are in their search for economic, cultural and political sovereignty? The Basque people are an ethnic group in Northern Spain and Southeastern France. They have long sought to achieve political, cultural and economic freedom from their colonialist oppressors, currently being France and, especially, Spain. Presently, their attempts to become separate have failed. The Basque people have long had separate and unrepresented political beliefs, a very different culture and a financially separate and successful economy from Spain. The Basque people should have the right to determine their own future, as a separate country from Spain and France or otherwise.
The Basque people
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“Guernica”, a painting by Pablo Picasso pictures the bombing and slaughter of the Basque people by the Nazi Luftwaffe. These bombings were upheld by the fascist dictator Franco to help suppress left wing believers in the Basque country. Also, the Basques live in a unique geographical area. “We are disconnected from the Spanish” (Frayer). The Basque region, known as Euskal Herria, stretches from the Bay of Biscay to western spain to the Pyrenees (O’Toole). The Basque people also have a unique localized language known as Euskara which is not an indo-european based language. They have also lived in this localized area for over 35 millennia, and because of this are called Europe’s ‘indians’. Finally, the Basque people have a very unique and different culture from that of Spain or France. As was already mentioned, they have their own land and language. But in addition to that they have deep roots in sheepherding and crafts related to that. They also have ancestral family burial chambers, stone gathering circles, and Pyrenean cave paintings. Their society has remained intact under different regimes such as the french revolution, Napoleonic wars and other strife. And through all this they held onto autonomy, for example,
In the southwestern United States, above northern Arizona, are three mesas. The mesas create the home for the Hopi Indians. The Hopi have a deeply religious, isolated, tribal culture with a unique history.
· Chipp, Herschel B. Picasso's Guernica: History, Transformations, Meanings. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1988.
justified. The natives have been robbed of their lands, viewed as barbarians, forced to follow
Introduction The Basseri are an egalitarian tribe of pastoral nomads who live in tents located in the arid steeps and mountains south, east and north of Shiraz in Fars province, South Persia or what is currently known as Iran (Barth-1961). Following a traditional migratory route known as the Il-Rah (tribal road), they are granted the particular rights to a land for a specific time (Basseri).The Basseri generally are a Persian (Farsi) speaking tribe, they are also known to speak Turkish and Arabic (Barth-1961). During the mid nineteenth century, the Basseri were part of the Khamseh Confederation where they were not a predominant group within the confederation, but during
The Basque "nation" --for lack of a better word-- is composed of seven different "provinces" --for the lack of a better word-- four are located within the borders of Spain and three within those of France in the triangle formed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Garonne and Ebro rivers, as shown in the map below.
Towards the development of the United States of America there has always been a question of the placement of the Native Americans in society. Throughout time, the Natives have been treated differently like an individual nation granted free by the U.S. as equal U.S. citizens, yet not treated as equal. In 1783 when the U.S. gained their independence from Great Britain not only did they gain land from the Appalachian Mountains but conflict over the Indian policy and what their choice was to do with them and their land was in effect. All the way from the first presidents of the U.S. to later in the late 19th century the treatment of the Natives has always been changing. The Native Americans have always been treated like different beings, or savages, and have always been tricked to signing false treaties accompanying the loss of their homes and even death happened amongst tribes. In the period of the late 19th century, The U.S. government was becoming more and more unbeatable making the Natives move by force and sign false treaties. This did not account for the seizing of land the government imposed at any given time (Boxer 2009).
Guernica is a Basque town is best known for its disaster that happened on April 26, 1937 Bombing of Guernica. It was also one of the first aerial bombings by the Nazi Germany’s Luftwaffe. This Basque town also had inspired the painter Pablo Picasso with his inspired painting Guernica. The traditional Spanish way had spelled it Guernica, but most Basques dislike it and that Franco is gone, the Basques prefer Gernika. They actually changed it back to its original name. The author did apologize for spilling it wrong but it was also written that way with Picasso’s world famous painting Guernica that inspired many others.
For the first two weeks of my class, I had no idea where I was headed in terms of my learning experience but I soon found out. During the first week we had to define “indigenous identity” which by the way was a foreign language to me. After I determined the meaning of it (because there were so many choices) I settled on the meaning “that what connects a person or people by their culture, race, beliefs and way of life”. I never considered or included myself a part of that definition because I thought it only pertained to people of other nations or countries. Eventually my thoughts and understanding changed. As I stated before my reading “Thinking Like an Anthropologist” Chapter Five, “What was This Practice or Idea Like in the past - The Temporal Question (2008, Omohundro, J.T. ), will be an excellent and informative guide for my research (in which it was). Also having to use Syncretism as a tool allowed me the opportunity to not only research the past but present rituals, beliefs, etc. of African Americans and how much they have changed over the years. Looking through this research as a critic allowed me to broaden my horizons not only about my culture but other cultures that are included in this identity. We were first introduced to two articles: The “Gebusi” and “Body Ritual of the Nacerima”. And I thought their rituals and beliefs were somewhat extreme, but then I realized if they looked at our society and our practices, they could consider the same thing about us. Having said that I decided that as an African-American woman, I was prepared to take that journey into the unknown, to investigate my culture, our accomplishments, and therefore have the ability to share my findings and observations with others. Week after week we w...
ancient religion. The number of villages at this time was reduced from about 80 to
Native Americans have inhabited this country for many generations. We see so many things that are influenced by the Native Americans and we find ourselves in awe of the independence of these peoples and the culture that they have come from.
The word Ainu means human being in the Ainu language. Over the last 120 years the traditions of the Ainu people has changed with the times. Nevertheless the culture has been painstakingly past down onto the younger generation from their grandparents. It is estimated that there are somewhere near 50,000 to 100,000 ainu people living in japan. The Ainu culture originates in the northern island of japan called Hokkaido. Currently everything about the Ainu people is the same as all the other Japanese people. The Ainu folklore falls into many categories Epics that last for many days and range from sunset till dawn. Another type of folklore is uway picara unlike the other epics they do not have melodies; it has many different stories with complicated plots. In the present day in life the Ainu no longer wear traditional garments as everyday clothes. The fabric of this traditional costume is woven with thread made form tree bark. Until the recent past both formal, and informal clothes were made from the bark of some kinds of elms and Japanese linden. Fabrics made from tree bark were embroidered with unique patterns made with pieces of cotton cloth and thread.
People have been living in the Americas for thousands of years. Only fairly recently, the past few hundred years, have foreigners begun to arrive and drastically disrupt the way of life of the aboriginal population. The situation has become so severe that a population that was one believed to be numbered in the millions, was at one point reduced to as few as 220,000 in 1910, and entire tribes have been either irretrievably warped or have disappeared altogether. While Native American Indians have almost completely recovered population-wise, they will never catch up to the rest of the world, and their culture can never fully recuperate. At the time the United States was settled by Europeans, it was abundantly populated by dozens of separate nations with diverse civilizations and cultures. Like other colonized regions, the indigenous people suffered first from the introduction of diseases that were common in the regions that the settlers were from, to which the Indians had no immunity. It is believed that millions died of smallpox, measles, whooping cough, and influenza. Some estimate that such epidemics were responsible for more than 80 million deaths during the early colonial period alone. Although The Indians numbers were never accurately recorded (estimates have ranged from in the low millions to as much as around a hundred million) it is certain that they are far from a complete recovery. For nearly 300 years the population of Native Americans had been declining, since shortly after Columbus arrived in the Western Hemisphere to a while after the civil war. But starting in the beginning of the 20th century the United States census bureau has reported an almost continuous increases in native populations (with some exceptions, notably an influenza epidemic that occurred in 1918). From the 1980’s to the 1990’s there is reported a growth of almost 500,000; from 1,478,523 in 1980 to 1,937,391 in 1990. Despite these promising statistics the population of Native Americans is only a small fraction (0.8 percent) of the hundreds of millions of other inhabitants in the United States. Despite their initial confusion to their situation after the arrival of Europeans, the Native Americans did not take their disenfranchisement from their own land lying down. Native Americans have a long history of "fighting back" against invaders encroaching on the land that ...
The American Indians Between 1609 To 1865. Native Americans or American Indians, once occupied the entire region of the United States. They were composed of many different groups, who spoke hundreds of languages and dialects. The Indians from the Southwest used to live in large, terraced communities and their way of sustain was from the agriculture where they planted squash, pumpkins, beans and corn crops. Trades between neighboring tribes were common, this brought in additional goods and also some raw materials such as gems, cooper.
Indigenous people are those that are native to an area. Throughout the world, there are many groups or tribes of people that have been taken over by the Europeans in their early conquests throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, by immigrating groups of individuals, and by greedy corporate businesses trying to take their land. The people indigenous to Australia, Brazil and South America, and Hawaii are currently fighting for their rights as people: the rights to own land, to be free from prejudice, and to have their lands protected from society.
Spain’s importance of intimacy allows closer, more personal relationships with colleagues, friends and family members. The importance of masculinity creates a defined gender role for male Spaniards. The celebration of religious holidays in Spain allows the culture to attend to religious duties and also as recreational functions, such as La Tomatina (a giant Spanish food fight). Language is crucial to the Spanish culture because there are numerous regions in Spain that have twists to the language. For example, the biggest regional dialect is Castilian Spanish; however, the Basque, Galician and Catalan all coexist in Spain as