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Minorities In Congress
% of minorities in congress
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Mera Feygin POLSC 110-04 Essay 2, Question 2 It is often difficult for congress to deliberate and produce laws that are in the interest of national majority. Although the House and senate are representatives of all the citizens of the United States, they don’t necessarily represent the people in terms of demographics. Since the establishment of the US government, white males have predominated all political decisions made in congress. Although their numbers have been on a rise, women and people of racial minorities, such as blacks and Hispanics, have a small percentage of seats in congress. Gay and bisexual members make up an even less percentage, with only seven openly gay or bisexual members, all belonging to the Democratic Party (Kernel, 252). Because of this underrepresentation, the benefit of many of the citizens isn’t considered when laws are being deliberated. Although these citizens can vote for people of their race, gender and sexual orientation, they often do not because they would not have …show more content…
However, it’s the lack of them that is undemocratical. Citizens are given an unfair choice of candidates. They can either cote for a new member, who would have nearly no say in the production of laws, or they can vote for one that has little to no interest in pleasing the people, but is experienced, and has power and influence. Limiting the reelection of current house members would give a clear choice of candidates to the voters. This has been a long time debated issue in the U.S., but it is clearly of national interest. In a five year period, twenty three states have passed laws enforcing term limits on congressional representatives and senators. The Supreme Court deemed them unconstitutional, and struck them down in 1995 (U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton) (Sabato, 46), yet term limitations on a state level have shown
It is not uncommon to find members of Congress who have genuine goals of spearheading, designing or even just supporting good public policy. It would be harsh to say that every member of Congress is against good policy. However what is difficult for members of Congress is deciding what is more important, the wishes of their constituents or national policy. Although it is rare, members of Congress vote against the popular opinion of his or her district in order to make what would be considered good policy in the national interest. This hinders their chance of re-election but is necessary for America. In very rare cases members of Congress have gone against the wishes of their constituents for moral reasons like in the aftermath of 9/11. When voting on the 2002 Iraq War Resolution, I am certain that the last thing of the minds of members of Congress was re-election. A very conservative House of Representatives member Jimmy Duncan said ‘‘when I pushed that button to vote against the war back in 2002, I thought I might be ending my political career.” In times of crisis members of Congress have decide between what is right, not what their constituents believe is right. Another goal other than re-election that members of Congress have is their own future. For many, being a members of The House of Representatives is a mere stepping stone in their career on the way to better things. Therefore for some members of Congress, re-election does not worry them and gives them the freedom to act in an environment striped of the constant pressure of re-election. However, considering that most of the members of The House Of Representatives goals lie within the Senate or high executive positions, re-election is still on their mind, all be it in the form of a different
Preventing federal judges to serve for life is a good concept, except when the judges become too old to continue presiding. Setting term limits for judges would be a great idea, because it would add diversity to the court systems every time a new judge arrives. Some judges are just too old, and senile, to still rule on cases and do their job effectively; therefore, setting term limits would ultimately benefit the courts because it would allow for diversity, and a new judge who may have different standards.
The Voting Rights Act marked a significant shift in American democracy, ensuring the right to vote for all regardless of race, religion, or sex. The key provisions of the Voting Rights Act, Section IV and Section V, ensured the overview of all state mandated voting laws, safeguarding constitutional values despite racial opposition. The breaking down of this provision under Supreme Court Ruling Shelby County, Alabama v. Holder, Attorney General has the potential to undo decades of progress to tackle racial barriers, isolating and withholding the right to vote for the weak, effectively dissolving democracy for the ones who need it the most. Throughout American history, people of power have isolated specific racial and gender groups and established policies to limit their right to vote. These politicians, in desperate attempt to elongate their political reign, resort to “anything that is within the rules to gain electoral advantage, including expanding or contracting the rate of political participation.
Term limits could increase the quality of the Supreme Court nominees. One of the driving factors behind a Supreme Court nominee is their age (Ringhand np). Individuals over 60 years of age are less likely to be appointed. This means presidents intentionally exclude a large number of highly qualified individuals from serving on our nation’s highest court (Ringhand np). Term limits resolve this problem. Furthermore, the threat of a justice’s cognitive decline may be reduced, since there would no longer be a temptation to hold out for a strategically timed retirement.
When the United States was founded, the theme behind the new government was to establish an efficient system without doling out too much power to any one person. The Founders intended to prevent a rebirth of tyranny, which they had just escaped by breaking away from England. However, when members of Congress such as Tom Foley, who served as a Representative from 1964 through 1995, and Jack Brooks, who served as a Representative from 1952 through 1994, remain in the legislative system for over forty years, it is evident that tyranny has not necessarily been eradicated from the United States (Vance, 1994, p. 429). Term limits are a necessity to uphold the Founders’ intentions, to prevent unfair advantages given to incumbents, and to allow a multitude of additional benefits.
“The Framers created a system that protected political minorities from majority tyranny—in order to prevent the majority from limiting the rights of the minority. This is accomplished by creating institutions that share power in order to make it difficult to change policy.” However, the problem with this is that it is assumed that the minorities have resources that they do not really have. In Ben Bishin’s novel, Tyranny of the Minority, he explains how his Sub Constituency Politics Theory can effectively resolve many of the issues with minorities and under what circumstances minorities can prevail in American politics by using the three general themes of groups, individuals, and legislators that address the behavior and motivation of the theory’s
According to Linz, term limits in presidentialism force a president to serve a country for a fixed period of time
According to the 1995 Supreme Court decision, term limits can only exist if there is a constitutional amendment passed that requires the limits. For this to happen, members of Congress would have to agree to their future removal from the House or Senate. The public’s argument has been
Currently in the U.S. government, Congressmen and Congresswomen have terms that allow reelections after those terms finish, but no term limits. Therefore, Congressmen and Congresswomen should have term limits because it would result in diversity, citizen legislature, and competitiveness. In addition, Congressmen and Congresswomen can re elect themselves as many times as they want in the current system of the U.S. government.
Since the time of the Founding Fathers, a general consensus has stated that people, when given the power, will absolutely be corrupted by it over time. This essay will focus on amending the constitution to create term limits for Congress in suit with the moralistic political culture laid out by Daniel Elazar. Our effort is to curb society from the abysmal within us and to forestall corruption from further spreading in our federal government can only happen if Congress has term limits imposed upon them. Therefore, no person shall be elected or appointed as a member of the United States Congress if the duration of the term for which the person is elected or appointed, in its entirety
In fact, all members of Congress have term limits. Voters get to determine every two years in the House and six years in the Senate whether a member is still serving their interests. Term limits cannot guarantee either individual liberty or good government if voters with bad ideas replace bad legislators with other bad
Term-Limits for Congress are another internal factor that influences congressional policy-making decisions. The debate over the need for term limit policies for Congress to be restructured is an ongoing battle. Presently, unlike the president that is restricted to two terms, there is no limit to the
Do you think that The Supreme Court should have term limits like the other branches in government? One reason why there should be term limits is that if a Justice came in then there will be modern way of thinking to handle the issues. Also, most Americans would support having a term limit on the nine U.S. Supreme Court justices, who now serve for life. Plus, after a while the justices tend to become feeble. I know that that by having term limits many people will be disappointed, but does majority matter more than a few people? That is why The Supreme Court should have term limits.
Is it time for congress to have to term limits? People consider congress too corrupt and not well-appointed to do their duties. Most of the American people say it is time to “submit this constitutional amendment to the states for speedy ratification” (“Term limits”). About seventy-five percent favor this idea (Gallagher). Almost all politicians promise to enact term limits, but once they are elected, they fail to do so (Gallagher). The United States government is known for spending money on new programs and not getting results, or wasting money on things that Americans do not need or want. The United States has accumulated a twenty trillion dollar debt, mainly due to poor choices by congress (Gallagher), which explains
Voters will have restricted choices although they want to vote for experienced incumbents who want to run for reelection. The term limit is not necessary because candidates have to be elected by their constituents. Jeff Biggs, press secretary for House Speaker Tom Foley, asserts that the term limit is unnecessary by saying "There are term limits in place every two years -- candidates have to go before constituents and get reelected." Although incumbents run for election again, they cannot be elected if they do not have good reputation among constituents. Other disadvantage caused by the term limit is limited power of small states, which used to reelect only few incumbents again and again. Because they have only few possible candidates, there are not enough people who can run for the next election after one person retires from Congress. However, I still do think that the term limit is necessary to distribute power evenly and keep equality. As certain people are elected for the same position again, they will get more “experience” and find much sneakier ways to keep their positions. Term limit also prevent new and young candidates who have not experienced from having less chance to work in Congress. As more skillful but unknown candidates get more chance, they will improve and change our