1. INTRODUCTION This paper defines “metaphor”. It also includes findings on “metaphor” and theories comparative relevant description of aspects of the English and Arabic language. Translators find translating metaphors from English to Arabic and vice versa a rather difficult issue to deal with. A metaphor is a form of speech that identifies something as being compatible as some irrelevant thing for rhetorical effects, such as “Left high and dry” this phrase presents the feeling hopelessness and hard feelings. It has been shown that metaphors are made of consistent part which are strongly attached to one another. The previous terms have also been analyzed based on their similarities and differences as well as problematic aspects concerning …show more content…
The previous theories discuss how metaphors can be reproduced and how they can be recognized in a precise text. The first is to have a connection with semantics, the second with semiotics. Ricoeur defined the tension theory as focusing on the production of a metaphor within the phrase taken as a whole while the substation theory is aimed towards the meaning effect at the level of the detached word. ‘You are wasting my time’ is one of the most popular examples which supports the first theory, in the former example, time is deliberated as a valuable resource which can be emaciated. The previously used words ‘time’ and ‘wasting’ taken in the text are considered as metaphors who stand by their own. To exemplify, the substation theory, the phrase ‘True love never dies’ is taken as an example, the word ‘dies’ stands as a metaphor. Love is considered as an abstract feeling, dying in the example is the loss of feeling, the word dies only serves the metaphor imitation. Moreover, as stated by Dagut, a “metaphor” in the SL is considered as a semantic novelty, it does not have any existing equivalence in the TL. In order for the translator to achieve exact equivalence of a metaphor, he needs to be creative in writing. In other words, some metaphors can be reproduced for an equivalence in the …show more content…
Metaphors are even now seen as an abstract literary ornament, in contrast to the West, where linguistic and cognitive are consolidating by the figurative language. Accordingly, few scholars have previously validated that English is to a great extent a metaphorical language (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980; Lakoff, 1993). In old records of history metaphors in poetry and English prose were to some extent noticed by their boundlessness in approximately every piece of English literary. Nevertheless, thereafter resembling studies of Arabic usage have not been achieved, it is hard to detect if both languages either more metaphorical than the other, as an alternative metaphorical usage possibly could vary. Since there is no consist match to the instrument that is ought to be used in standardizing metaphors through languages. According to Simawe, 2001, recent studies in the West have shown new understating about metaphors, whereas no consistent development in East. Metaphors are still seen as literary beautifications in the East, whereas the West discuss and focus on the linguistic and cognitive foundations of figurative language. Many scholars have confirmed to a great extent that English is a metaphorical language (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980; Lakoff,
The way Anthony Doerr uses his writing structure of metaphors is to strive complexity, toward questions, and away from stereotype. From the national post says,
Figurative language includes metaphors, similes and
Tripod Inc. "Figurative Language, Symbols, Themes." Figurative Language, Symbols, Themes. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2014. .
Figurative language is used in a lot of writings to pull you more into the words. Figurative language uses the five senses to place a deep picture in your mind of what is actually happening. Metaphors, similes, personification, hyperbole, etc. are all figurative devices used in writing. Without using any of these things writing would be straight forward and not so complicated to understand. When figurative language is used it makes the reader really think about what is being said by the author and what point the author is trying to make. Both "The Iroquois Constitution” and "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” use figurative language but for different reasons.
“Metaphor.” Dictionary of World Literature: Criticism - Forms - Technique. Ed. Joseph T. Shipley. New York: Philosophical Library, 1943. 377-8.
... A metaphor, used as a communication skill, is best described in a political way. Think of Reagan’s Voodoo economics, or Bill Clinton building a bridge to the 21st century. Politicians can easily scam an ignorant voter, should one not understand a metaphor. For example: Clinton refers to building a bridge, but does not tell us with which tools he intends to build it with. This particular concept is valid alone for the above reason. Whether you are talking to a teacher or watching television, metaphors need to understand.
Guetti, James. "Absalom, Absalom!: The Extended Simile."The Limits of Metaphor: A Study of Melville, Conrad, and Faulkner. Ithaca: Cornell, 1967. 69-108.
Deep-seated in these practices is added universal investigative and enquiring of acquainted conflicts between philosophy and the art of speaking and/or effective writing. Most often we see the figurative and rhetorical elements of a text as purely complementary and marginal to the basic reasoning of its debate, closer exploration often exposes that metaphor and rhetoric play an important role in the readers understanding of a piece of literary art. Usually the figural and metaphorical foundations strongly back or it can destabilize the reasoning of the texts. Deconstruction however does not indicate that all works are meaningless, but rather that they are spilling over with numerous and sometimes contradictory meanings. Derrida, having his roots in philosophy brings up the question, “what is the meaning of the meaning?”
The strong arm of metaphor has led to statements like, "Thatís why schema theory is a kind of Swiss army knife" or "using consultation is like deciding whether to fix your own transmission". Also: good teaching is very often about finding metaphors that give students another way of relating new material to what they have already more or less experienced. The other day I was trying to explain how I expected a paper to be structured, and I found myself saying, "Remember when you came home late from a date and you built an argument to show your parents that coming home late was a perfectly reasonable, even inevitable occurrence given the circumstances?" Even telling stories about my teaching is a kind of metaphor: that is, Iím saying that my experience as a white male teaching in a small high school will be like the experience of my students.
Metaphors are powerful tools often used by authors to communicate a deeper meaning. Metaphors also tend to make the piece more thought provoking, and thus more interesting and intriguing. Laura Esquivel does a marvelous job of using food as a metaphor for unexpressed emotions in the novel Like Water for Chocolate. She takes the aching soul of a young girl and turns it into a cookbook of feelings and emotions cleverly disguised with food.
As well, metaphors exists everywhere. They influence the way we process information in our minds. Without the idea of comparison in order to achieve a better understanding of material, everything would be abstract and the way we perceive the information would be completely
Jimmy S.Baca use of metaphors, similes, imagery, diction, tone and mood are used in a very effective way in his essay Coming into Language. His use of metaphors and similes really give the reader a visual, helping develop imagery. Baca’s use of imagery paints pictures in the reader’s head but also develops a type of emotion by the use of diction. The word choice used provides the reader with an understanding of where the author is coming from leading us into tone and mood. The author’s tone starts off very low but by the end of the essay you will feel very satisfied.
What is figurative language? Figurative language is saying something other than what is meant for effect. For example a metaphor, simile, symbol, hyperbole or personification. In the sermon called Sinners in the Hand of an Angry God and the Iroquois Constitution there is a lot of figurative language.
Every person in that worldly population can relate to the use of metaphors in everyday speech, no matter what their language. It is not uncommon for someone to encounter metaphors multiple times in one day, though many times they go unnoticed even if they are “right under our nose.” These metaphorical phrases are not meant to be taken literally. For example, when someone tells you to “bite the bullet,” they are not requesting that you actually put a bullet in between your teeth. In fact, they are asking you to bravely face up to something unpleasant just as many soldiers were asked to clench a bullet in between their teeth (in lieu of anesthetics) to transfer the pain of the amputation or surgery (something very unpleasant indeed) that they were about to undergo (“Expressions and Sayings”).
The choice of a signifier is nowhere near arbitrary; words may not have transcendental meaning, but they certainly relate to each other within a given linguistic structure - a language, a dialect, or even a piece of fiction. One interesting way to explore the mystery of the signifier is through constructs like metaphor and metonymy. These work within a text, simultaneously concealing and betraying meaning. Metaphor an...