Tension Theory And Substation Theory

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1. INTRODUCTION
This paper defines “metaphor”. It also includes findings on “metaphor” and theories comparative relevant description of aspects of the English and Arabic language.
Translators find translating metaphors from English to Arabic and vice versa a rather difficult issue to deal with. A metaphor is a form of speech that identifies something as being compatible as some irrelevant thing for rhetorical effects, such as “Left high and dry” this phrase presents the feeling hopelessness and hard feelings.
It has been shown that metaphors are made of consistent part which are strongly attached to one another. The previous terms have also been analyzed based on their similarities and differences as well as problematic aspects concerning …show more content…

The previous theories discuss how metaphors can be reproduced and how they can be recognized in a precise text. The first is to have a connection with semantics, the second with semiotics. Ricoeur defined the tension theory as focusing on the production of a metaphor within the phrase taken as a whole while the substation theory is aimed towards the meaning effect at the level of the detached word. ‘You are wasting my time’ is one of the most popular examples which supports the first theory, in the former example, time is deliberated as a valuable resource which can be emaciated. The previously used words ‘time’ and ‘wasting’ taken in the text are considered as metaphors who stand by their own. To exemplify, the substation theory, the phrase ‘True love never dies’ is taken as an example, the word ‘dies’ stands as a metaphor. Love is considered as an abstract feeling, dying in the example is the loss of feeling, the word dies only serves the metaphor imitation. Moreover, as stated by Dagut, a “metaphor” in the SL is considered as a semantic novelty, it does not have any existing equivalence in the TL. In order for the translator to achieve exact equivalence of a metaphor, he needs to be creative in writing. In other words, some metaphors can be reproduced for an equivalence in the …show more content…

Metaphors are even now seen as an abstract literary ornament, in contrast to the West, where linguistic and cognitive are consolidating by the figurative language. Accordingly, few scholars have previously validated that English is to a great extent a metaphorical language (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980; Lakoff, 1993). In old records of history metaphors in poetry and English prose were to some extent noticed by their boundlessness in approximately every piece of English literary. Nevertheless, thereafter resembling studies of Arabic usage have not been achieved, it is hard to detect if both languages either more metaphorical than the other, as an alternative metaphorical usage possibly could vary. Since there is no consist match to the instrument that is ought to be used in standardizing metaphors through languages. According to Simawe, 2001, recent studies in the West have shown new understating about metaphors, whereas no consistent development in East. Metaphors are still seen as literary beautifications in the East, whereas the West discuss and focus on the linguistic and cognitive foundations of figurative language. Many scholars have confirmed to a great extent that English is a metaphorical language (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980; Lakoff,

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