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Anthropology of tattoos
Anthropology of tattoos
Tattoos through history
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The Art of Tattoo: Compare and Contrast of Polynesian Groups As someone, like myself, who has many tattoos and plans to get more, has been intrigued as to where “tattoo’s” originated from. The original meaning of tattoo came from Polynesia and another concept of tattoo in Tongan, which was spelled like tatau or tatu. The definition of tattoo now is: “The act or practice of marking the skin with indelible patterns, pictures, legends, etc. and by making punctures in it and inserting pigments.” Now that we know the origin and meaning, let’s compare and contrast the Marquesas and Maori tattoos. First, the Marquesas idea of tattoos was beyond beautification in every way. It not only indicated status and rank depending on the quantity and quality of tattoos. …show more content…
Certain patterns were applied to more wealthy or ranked individuals but also to the common man, just in a more subdued version. Not only was it about wealth and power, tattoos also served as a form of spiritual armor or protection. It is almost like wrapping the body in spiritual armor. Another example is priests who were very much trained in this art form applied the tattoos during rituals, chants, or ceremonies. The Marquesas Island tattoo involved black, carbon-based pigment under the skin with a bird-bone tattooing comb or chisel and mallet. Second, the Maori idea of tattoos was more about rank, almost tribal related in every way. The Maori’s word for tattoo was moko. Both sexes in this area are tattooed. For instance, more men had tattoos and women and men had tattoos in the face and buttocks, and women in the lips and chin. Slaves also had tattoos as well, in the location
Tradition of humans permanently marking their bodies has consistently been utilized as a means of identification. Greeks used it as a form of punishment and branding of those considered as “others” which comprised of slaves and convicts- ideology that was then carried over into Roman culture as a tool of state control (Fisher, 2002). Indigenous tribes that lacked a written language applied tattoos as a system of visual communication. Both the Osage and Omaha tribes tattooed themselves based on success in warfare, bearing a skull on the back of their heads to signify victory in battle. Inuit men would mark on themselves how many whales they hunted, while ink on women conveyed marital status (Porcella, 2009). Despite a long-standing history in other cultures, it is emphasized that the Polynesian and Japanese cultures are largely responsible for the diffusion of tattoos into Western society.
In ancient history the Aztecs and Mayans practiced tongue piercing as part of rituals. Tongue piercing was done because Aztecs thought it was a way to communicate with the gods. The Mayan’s also practiced tongue piercing as a way to demonstrate courage and virility.
Tattoos have been used as a form of decoration on the body of the Egyptian mummies. In fact, tattoos were viewed as a “beautifying operation” to the Typee natives and in Wales they were once a royal fad. There have been many eras to see the tattoo as a prestigious decoration. The Japanese also practiced a form of tattooing that covered their warriors in intimidating designs. But after years of beauty and prestige, what changed the views of people? What made tattoos rebellious and unprofessional?
It isn 't uncommon to see people walking around with tattoos permanently stained on their body. It is also uncommon to know that they usually have a meaning. From Chinese symbols to images devoted to the flying spaghetti monster, people love to keep these tattoos to remind them of a message or a special someone. According to the World Book Advanced Dictionary, a tattoo is "to mark (the skin) with designs or patterns by pricking a line of holes and putting in colors. ' ' And the meaning of an individual 's tattoo can vary depending on where you are. In this essay, I will discuss contrasting elements in prison and in tribal tattoos. This will be done by doing a cross sectional study of their history, meaning and methods. Are prison and tribal tattoos similar or different?
Many people have been getting tattoos lately. People of all ages have been getting them and from all different backgrounds. On a nice day in just about any public place one can spot a tattoo about every five minutes, from the business man who had a portrait of his daughter put on him to a young girl with a butterfly on her ankle and even people with extensive tattoo coverage. What is even more interesting is the rise in the number of people who are heavily tattooed and that they come from all different backgrounds. Not too long ago tattooing did not experience the popularity in mainstream culture that it does now. The question that must be asked in order to understand this fascination that popular culture has had with tattoos is why people get tattoos.
Traditions of North America. Austin, TX, USA: University of Texas Press, 2013. Web. 5 July 2015.
The art of tattoo was brought to New Zealand by the Polynesians when they migrated to New Zealand. Men of the tribe are more elaborately tattooed than the women. Their entire faces may be covered as opposed to the women who may only have certain parts of their faces covered such as their chins, cheeks, upper lips, and between the eyebrows. This is to show the dominance in ranking of the men over the women. The fact that the women cannot advance as far as the men shows how that the Maori felt when it came to male dominance over the women.
The most noticeable record of tattoos is dated in the mid to late-1700’s by Captain James Cook. Through his travels, Cook and his crew acquired tattoos, and when they returned to England, they were viewed differently. There was one sailor who was a big figure in the English Parliament and when he came back from the trips on the sea, lost his position because of a tattoo he decided to have put on his body. This is where the idea of tattoos being for sailors originated. The word tattoo stems from the Polynesian word “tatau”.
Tattooing was once widespread throughout Polynesia. It was carried out as a ‘rite of passage’ to mark the transition to adulthood and as a mark of courage and status. The pain of traditional tattooing was an important part of the cultural practice. Sometimes tattoos were referred to as the ‘clothing of courage’.
...these tattoos it is to show their deep beliefs in their culture. In our culture people get tattoos to be cool or for meaning not to show we are into our culture.
Dating back to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries North American tattooing originated in the island of Tahiti, and other small pacific islands including Samoa and Hawaii (DeMello). The modification by U.S tattooists was to “fit a local sensibility emphasizing patriotism rather than exoticism” (DeMello). Martin Hildebrandt, was the first known tattoo artist in the United States as a professional. Shortly after the first mechanical tattooing machine was created, up until this point tattoos had been done by hand. A tattoo machine was invented because tattoos become a fad with mili...
Symbolism and meaning is by far one of the most important aspects of the tattoo industry. “The abstract emotions and human awareness of emotions show what really is going on in ones life (Johnson)”. For that reason tattooing is a form of self-expression, and can stand for literal interpretations. For the most part these interpretations are the conveying of spiritual meaning, or marking milestones such as life or death” (Johnson). For those who think tattooing is just for looks or put a bad judgment on it, should also realize that ones personal interest reflects upon their lives. “Many individuals get their first tattoos during adolescence or young adulthood.”(Bravermark) Due to the mainstream culture, these traditions traditionally associate with stereotypes. Stereotypes defiantly have a huge impact on life. Which leads to the next point? Whether flaunted or hidden, sought as art or brought out on a whim, the tattoo has left a huge impact on generation after generation.
In a bygone era tribes from all over the world have tattooed members of their group as part of their way of life. Whether it be a spiritual reason, a coming of age, a religious ceremony, or a celebration of an achievement in life.
In American Indian culture, tattoos have a variety of meaning. Some represent a connection with the earth while others may include ancestral background, family connections or connections with their Native roots. American Indian tattoos are often associated with tribal designs. Tribal designs are very popular in modern tattoos for all types of people but it usually takes a true American Indian to understand the full meaning and significance behind the designs. Many American Indians believe their tattoos can provide great strengths and even supernatural powers. Traditional tribal tattoos were not applied the same way they are now. Before tattooing technology advanced, tattoos were applied using a sharp object and a prepared dye. This was a rather painful process and provided more significance and status with having a tattoo than having a tattoo today. American Indian tattoos today are commonly applied for aesthetic reason, but many of them connect with their Native roots which is why tattoos are still a large part of American Indian
In conclusion, tattoos are a great way to express someone’s feelings and tell a story without that person having to tell the story directly. Some tattoos are thought about long and hard and others are last minute ideas, but there will always be a reason why the tattoo was chosen. It’s the ink seen on the outside that you're being judged for; people don't take time to understand the meaning of what is skin deep.