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Assignment on maori indigenous
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Coming of Age A famous myth of the Maori people is that of their great ancestor Paikea who rides a whale all the way to the island of New Zealand. Thus the name Paikea and whales have become sacred entities of Maori culture. The movie Whale Rider, directed by Niki Caro, describes a Maori girl given this blessed name Paikea, and her journey to find her place in the world. The only way she can finally be accepted in their society is by completing her role as a representation of her ancestor. The director symbolizes Paikea’s coming of age by showing her struggle to be accepted and riding a whale like the famous Maori myth—and simultaneously fitting into her predetermined role. From birth, Paikea faced a series of struggles to be accepted. Her
grandfather, Koro, is incredibly patriarchal and wanted his son, Paikea’s dad, to give birth to a male who could lead the tribe. However, within the first few minutes of the movie, a conflict arises (Caro). A girl is born instead and the Koro’s dream of a blessed grandson is not fulfilled. He starts out not acknowledging his granddaughter at all, but later he has conflicting emotions. Throughout the rest of her life, Paikea’s grandfather is switching between kindness and anger towards her. This causes her to feel a sense of responsibility to fulfill the role she was supposed to have. When Koro starts training the other young boys in the community, Paikea tries to participate. However, she gets harshly reprimanded (Caro). These kinds of conflicts continue to happen throughout the movie. Niki Caro shows that a large part of coming of age is the struggle that comes before. Paikea struggles to find her place in society and her grandfather is a large obstacle she must overcome. The moment when Paikea actually comes of age is more symbolic than anything. Since before she was born, Paikea had a destiny to become a depiction of her great ancestor who is considered a hero. She is supposed to be a representation of things that are good. Near the end of the movie, there are half-dead whales washed up on the shore, causing great distress for the Maori people. Whales being a sacred entity, they do everything they can to get the whales back in the water. Paikea decides to sit on top of a whale, and it is at this time that she finally fulfills her role. The whales all miraculously go back into the water alive, and her grandfather ultimately accepts her as a descendant of the great Paikea. The director is telling us that her coming of age is being accepted by society. Coming of age is a term that means different things in different societies. Whale Rider teaches us that in some cases it refers to being accepted by family, society, and community. It also shows us that before coming of age can even happen, there has to have been some original form of struggle to get to that point.
In the chronological, descriptive ethnography Nest in the Wind, Martha Ward described her experience on the rainy, Micronesian island of Pohnpei using both the concepts of anthropological research and personal, underlying realities of participant observation to convey a genuine depiction of the people of Pohnpei. Ward’s objective in writing Nest in the Wind was to document the concrete, specific events of Pohnpeian everyday life and traditions through decades of change. While informing the reader of the rich beliefs, practices, and legends circulated among the people of Pohnpei, the ethnography also documents the effects of the change itself: the island’s adaptation to the age of globalization and the survival of pre-colonial culture.
Even though it is most commonly known as of the first modern horror films that has made its way on the top ten highest grossing films of all time, Steven Spielberg’s classic 1975 film, Jaws, illustrates the unquenchable human desire for purpose and wholeness which advocates that adopting the belief of “anatta” or “no-self” is the way to be liberated from this “fragmented state of unelightenment” (Sluyter 97-98). In the bigger picture, the main antagonist of the film, the shark itself, reflects us as individuals according to Sluyter. To be more specific, the shark is meant to symbolize our “fragmented point of view” we have of our lives and our constant search to remedy our emptiness by “trying to concretize ourselves” with impermanent items
The Hawaiian culture is known throughout the western world for their extravagant luaus, beautiful islands, and a language that comes nowhere near being pronounceable to anyone but a Hawaiian. Whenever someone wants to “get away” their first thought is to sit on the beach in Hawai’i with a Mai tai in their hand and watch the sun go down. Haunani-Kay Trask is a native Hawaiian educated on the mainland because it was believed to provide a better education. She questioned the stories of her heritage she heard as a child when she began learning of her ancestors in books at school. Confused by which story was correct, she returned to Hawai’i and discovered that the books of the mainland schools had been all wrong and her heritage was correctly told through the language and teachings of her own people. With her use of pathos and connotative language, Trask does a fine job of defending her argument that the western world destroyed her vibrant Hawaiian culture.
An important theme in Potiki is the enduring idea that creating and sharing stories as a central part of being human is important. It is a significant theme because the novel is heavily imbued with Maori culture, in which the stories and spoken teachings are given prominence, and also because it is a popular belief that people need narratives to give meaning, structure and value to their lives. This theme is displayed resolutely and poignantly in Potiki’s plot, characters, setting and symbolism, as the people of a small rural New Zealand community rediscover themselves through stories spoken and found in Maori carvings. The idea that humans need narratives is the core theme in Potiki, and it is used also to link other themes and aspects of the novel; it is in this way that we know the idea of storytelling is an intrinsic part of the novel’s structure.
In the short story “ The Open Boat,” by Stephen Crane, Crane does an outstanding job creating descriptive images throughout the entire story. With saying this, Crane uses symbolism along with strong imagery to provide the reader with a fun and exciting story about four guys who 's fight was against nature and themselves. Starting early in the book, Crane creates a story line that has four men in a great amount of trouble in the open waters of the ocean. Going into great detail about natures fierce and powerful body of water, Crane makes it obvious that nature has no empathy for the human race. In this story, Crane shows the continuous fight that the four men have to endure in able to beat natures strongest body of water. It 's not just nature the men have to worry about though, its the ability to work together in order to win this fight against nature. Ultimately, Crane is able to use this story, along with its vast imagery and symbolism to compare the struggle between the human race and all of natures uncertainties.
To some this story might seem like a tragedy, but to Christians this is a beautiful story. Although young Harry dies at the end, he is accepted into the kingdom of God, which is far superior to anything on Earth. A non-religious family raises him and the first taste of Christianity he gets makes him want to pursue God. In Flannery O’Conner’s short story, The River, the allure of Gods grace and the repelling of sinful ways are shown heavily through Harry.
In a well-written short story, different literary elements and terms are incorporated into the story by the author. Ernest Hemingway frequently uses various literary elements in his writing to entice the reader and enhance each piece that he writes. In Hills Like White Elephants, Hemingway uses symbols to teach the reader certain things that one may encounter during daily life. Symbolism may be defined as relating to, using, or proceeding by means of symbols (Princeton). The use of symbols in Hills Like White Elephants is utterly important to the plot line and to the fundamental meaning of the story. Through this use of symbolism, the reader can begin to reveal the hidden themes in this short story.
The curiosity of what our destiny will be and what our future holds has crossed our minds once or twice. Destiny is the conclusion to many life situations we are faced with in our everyday lives, but no one could figure out what their destiny is until the time is right. Antonio from the novel Bless Me, Ultima written by Rudolfo Anaya and Paikea from Whale Riders run through many conflicts trying to seek their destinies. Antonio, must choose to follow her mother’s footsteps of tending the land or become free and wild like his father and older brothers as well as deciding whether or not to follow and walk alongside Ultima, even if she may be evil. Unlike Antonio, Paikea must prove to herself and her grandfather that she is able to lead her tribe out of depression and laziness, even if she may not physically hold the components of becoming a leader. Both Antonio and Paikea are able to find their destinies, but they each have unique and individual experiences of family pressure, spiritual leaders and becoming a leader.
Animal Symbolism in Native Son by Richard Wright. Two rats and a cat are used as symbols in Richard Wright's Native Son. The rats, one found in an alley and the other in Bigger's apartment, symbolize Bigger. Mrs. Dalton's white cat represents white society, which often takes the form of a singular character.
The struggle for survival by mankind can be found in many different settings. It can be seen on a battlefield, a hospital room or at sea as related in “The Open Boat”, written in 1897 by Stephen Crane. The story is based on his actual experiences when he survived the sinking of the SS Commodore off the coast of Florida in early 1897. “The Open Boat” is Stephen Crane’s account of life and death at sea told through the use of themes and devices to emphasize the indifference of nature to man’s struggles and the development of mankind’s compassion.
The Polynesian peoples have a lifestyle quite different than that of any other culture, as living on an island requires a level of flexible adaptability in order to cope with such a different, sometimes difficult environment. We see the way diverse cultures build their lives around their circumstances and how they respect them in their cultural myths and stories. The Polynesian legends emphasize the physical environment that they live in. They are quite different than any other region in the world, but the beauty and individuality of the Polynesian culture is prominent as seen in their mythology.
What is the use of symbolism in writing? Is it merely to confuse the reader or is its true intent to make the reader think about the meaning of the story? A symbol is a person, object, or event that suggests more than its literal meaning (Meyer 220). In Ernest Hemingway's short story "Hills Like White Elephants," Hemingway uses a plethora of symbols to convey the idea that the young girl, Jig is ambivalent to having an abortion and that her older American boyfriend does not want to have the baby. Although the word abortion is never used in the story, the reader understands the concept through Hemingway's symbolism.
Throughout history bears are used to symbolize strength, protection, and bravery because of their protective instincts and powerful bodies. In The Kite Runner by Khalid Hosseini, Baba is usually reference to the bear. He is a well-respected business man in Kabul. Baba is seen to be very moral and powerful. He lost his wife during the birth of his son, Amir which is easily bullied by the other children of the neighborhood, because he is too afraid to stand up to the other children. Baba worries that if Amir cannot handle himself as a child, he would not be able to handle himself as an adult. Baba is a very strong and powerful character, while Amir is often seen as cowardly and weak; so their relationships is not very strong because they are both so different. In the book Baba often resembles a bear because of his strength. Amir is different; he is usually seen as weak, but he begins to resemble a bear as he grows older. The author uses symbolism of the bear to emphasize the growth in Amir’s character and to show the resemblance between Amir and Baba.
Within Kate Chopin’s The Awakening, Chopin includes symbols such as the ocean, a wedding ring, and a bird in order to illustrate how women are oppressed by societies expectations and how marriage has become symbolic of control instead of love. Each of these symbols represent different parts of Edna’s life that either subjugate her or how she finds her freedom and individuality.
This book really grabbed me right from the beginning of the story. The story begins with the birth of fraternal twins, with the grandfather patiently awaiting the birth of the son. Right away I felt sadness when the mother and one of the twins die. The boy dies and the girl survives. The grandpa seems to not care about the girl who survived . He was longing for his grandson because he is from the Maori tribe and the tribe is waiting for the sign of a new chief to be born . The chief would lead the village and its community to greatness. Many elders have been born but none with the strength to be the next chief. The little girl was named Pai. The grandma of Pai took her home to raise her along with the grandfather. The grandfather showed right away that women or girls where less than a man. He longed for a new chief . This was grandpas goal in life right now. He could see that their tribe was going down hill .He had hoped one of his son’s would become the chief but neither one did. So grandpa was set on his grandson becoming the next chief