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Mathematics behind Sydney Harbour Bridge
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The Sydney Harbor Bridge
Typically when someone sees a bridge, they don't realize how much work is put into a single bridge. They could not imagine how mathematics would even go into bridges. Keeping a bridge up like the famous Sydney Harbor Bridge in Sydney, Australia is a tough job since it was first opened in 1932. It also is known to be the world's largest steel arch bridge. This bridge is very large but it is not the longest steel arch bridge in the world. There are many types of bridges in the world but this very bridge is a very well known "through arch" bridge.
Most bridges people imagine is ones that have arches above or below the deck. The deck is the part of the bridge that allows traffic to go from one side to another for transportation. The "through arch" bridge is like a hybrid of both worlds. The arch of the bridge passes through the deck, goes over the deck, and then passes through the other side of the deck once more to make the arch. Ironically, this arch can be described as a parabola.
The Sydney Harbor Bridge deck is 503 meters long from left to right and the height to the top of the arch is 134 meters above sea level. Using some math, we can figure out where the arch would reach its highest point on the deck which
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The purpose of the bridge was simple; connect the northern to the southern shore of the harbor. Many submissions were sent in by 1900 but they were deemed not fit for the bridge. After World War 1, the bridge finally gained momentum to be thought about once again. The general design by Dr. J J C Bradfield and officers of the NSW Department of Public Works was recognized and put into plan. The New South Wales Government then called out across the globe to see who would construct this bridge the best in 1922. English firm Dorman Long and Foster of Middlesbrough took the honor and duty of constructing the bridge soon
In 1857 the first Pyrmont Bridge was built1 as a means of transporting goods between the docks, city and inner west of Sydney. The bridge then became a much needed utility, with the subdivision of much of Ultimo and Pyrmont in 18602 paving the way for hundreds of new sandstone cottages and terraces to be built over the next decade. This created the first major residential development of the area, which in itself helped to stimulate the economic and industrial growth, and was a part of the first urbanisation of the area.
The bridge was designed by the Great Engineer David B. Steinman. (Mackinac Bridge 1). The Mackinac Bridge was built across the straits which is an important water route between Lake Michigan and the Atlantic Ocean. The straits connect Lake Michigan and Lake Huron. (World Book 24). The Mackinac Bridge connects the Upper
Without a concrete reason for the bridge's failure, every suggested reason was researched until proven incorrect” (Silver). There were many reasons that were suggested, but could not be proven correct due to the collapse. Wikipedia states that “A small crack was formed through fretting wear at the bearing, and grew through internal corrosion, a problem known as stress corrosion cracking.” The failure of the bridge was caused by a defect in one of the eye-bars on the north side causing the other side to collapse as well. “Stress corrosion cracking is the formation of brittle cracks in a normally sound material through the simultaneous action of a tensile stress and a corrosive environment.
A privately owned company constructed the current Peace Bridge in 1927. It became a link between Fort Erie, Canada and Buffalo, New York. The bridge is over one mile long, 5,800 feet, and holds three lanes of traffic. The center lane may go north or south depending on the volume of traffic. In 1934, the Great Depression caused a change. The Peace Bridge became publicly owned. As a result there were no taxes to be paid, and financing for projects could be obtained by issuing bonds at a low interest rate. The publicly owned bridge instituted a board of governors called the Peace Bridge Authority, PBA. The board, which made all decisions, was made up of six Americans and three Canadians. Fr...
Based on the research conducted, the bridge being built will be a Pratt or Parker Bridge with a height of about 2.5 inches. Members will connect to one another through lap joints, and when a lap joint cannot be used, an end joint with two gussets securing it in place will be used. Gorilla Glue and Alteco ST50 Super Glue will be used to connect members at these joints. The glue will be applied to balsa members pinned to a workspace through a glue applicator to assist in applying a precise amount of
The first time that a bridge was considered to cross the Yarra River was as early as 1957 to replace the Williamstown ferry service. Between then and 1961, there was lots of discussion, up until the Lower Yarra Crossing Company was founded. Discussions with the government about a new bridge across the Yarra River were held, but not much was agreed upon, until 1965, the Lower Yarra Crossing Company went bankrupt, and thus emerged the Lower Yarra Crossing Authority, whom in 1967 entered into an agreement with Melbourne based Maunsell & Partners, as well as London based Freema...
On May 24, 1854, construction began of the Victoria Bridge. This was a difficult task for the workers given the size of the bridge (“almost two miles in length from shore to shore” ) was the largest construction project during this period of time. Moreover, the construction of the bridge did not cease during the winter months. Therefore, many of the workers on the bridge would continue even while the St-Lawrence River froze underneath their
The Golden Gate bridge, standing as an icon of roadway innovations, took multiple engineers years to design and complete. They could not just simply build an ordinary bridge. They had to take into consideration the physics behind it, as well as, what kind of effect the environment would have upon the bridge. The bridge sits along one of the most active fault lines in the world, so engineers had to make sure their bridge could withstand a little movement. Today the Golden Gate bridge still stands tried and true, as does many other innovations that 20th century engineers came up with.
At the time of its construction in 1929, the Ambassador Bridge was the largest spanned suspension bridge at 564 meters until the George Washington Bridge was built. It was an engineering masterpiece at the time. The total bridge length is 2,286 meters and rises to 118 meters above the river. Suspension cables support the main span of the Ambassador Bridge and the main pillars under the bridge are supported by steel in a cantilever truss structure. In total, the McClintic-Marshall masterpiece is comprised of 21,000 tons of steel. The immense socio-economical impact that the Ambassador Bridge has on transportation and trade is imperative for daily interaction between the Un...
The first and most challenging problem associated with building the Mackinac Bridge arrived long before the bridge was even designed. Financing such an enormous project was no easy feat. In 1928, the idea of connecting the upper and lower peninsulas was proposed to Congress for the first time (Brown 4). At the time, the suspected bridge project was very much under government scrutiny and control. In fact, the initial boost in interest in pursuing the construction of a bridge came about due to the depression. The Public Works Administration (PWA) had been created under President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal economic plan which would fund certain construction projects with th...
Since it would be easier and less expensive to build a bridge rather than a tunnel, a bridge was initially thought to be a better solution. However, to construct a bridge over the Hudson River it would require a minimum clearance of 200 ft. for ships to travel to and from Hudson River ports. Since the Manhattan side of the Hudson did not meet the 200-foot elevation requirement needed for a bridge, new and expensive apparatuses would have to be built on the New York side. Also, a bridge would be affected by poor weather conditions more than a tunnel. In 1913, the joint coalition finally decided to construct a tunnel.2
The area of where the bridge was to cross the Ohio River was said to be one of the hardest places to build but came with some advantages. The section of the river had a solid rock base for the supporting pier to be built on. Since the engineers knew they could build a pier that would not settle they decided on a continuous bridge design. This design type distributes the weight so the steel trusses could be smaller and riveted together. This alone saved an estimates twenty percent of steel that was originally thought to be need to make the bridge cutting down the cost. The two continuous trusses span a collective 1,550 feet across the water. With addition of the north and south approach viaducts, for trains to go under the bridge, the superstructure’s total length is 3,463 feet. The bridge was made to hold two sets of tracks making the width 38 feet and 9 inches. The design called for 27,000 cubic yards of concrete and 13,200 tons of steel with some members being four foot square beams that span a distance of seventy feet. The design was the first step in a long process that would take several years to
Isaiah Bates Professor Brown English 165-01 16 May 2024 Analysis Themes in “Their Eyes Were Watching God” Zora Neale Hurston's “Their Eyes Were Watching God”, the protagonist Janie Crawford embarks on a journey through themes of self-discovery, love, freedom, and belonging, as she navigates the challenges of finding her true self and fulfilling her desires in the face of past relationships. Throughout the novel, Janie's experiences shed light on these themes, giving valuable insight into life's complexities while trying to figure herself out. From her dreams under the blooming pear tree to the challenges she faces in the hurricane, she shows the reader that life can be both beautiful and tough. We'll examine how these themes influence Janie's relationships, choices, and how she sees herself.
One very iconic bridge is the Michigan Avenue Bridge. As its name says, the bridge connects Michigan Avenue that is split by the Chicago River. Construction of the bridge began on April 15, 1918, 7 years after its proposal. On October 2, 1991 the bridge was given the title of a Chicago Landmark. Finally in 2009 the bridge was repainted and
In her essay,”Importance of the Golden Gate Bridge,” Stephanie Stiavetti suggest that “It maintained this point of pride for nearly 25 years until the Verrazano- Narrows Bridge was built in New York in 1964. Today, this historic San Francisco landmark holds its place as the second largest suspension bridge in the country, behind Verrazano Narrows.” Back then, experts thought that it would be impossible to build a bridge across the tides and currents in that area because strong currents and tides would make construction extremely difficult and dangerous. The water is over 500 feet deep in the center of the channel, and along with the area's strong winds and thick fog, the idea of building a bridge there seemed nearly impossible. Despite all of the problems of building a bridge across the Golden Gate, Joseph Strauss was named as lead engineer for the project. Construction began January 5, 1933, and in the end cost more than $35 million to