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Science and pseudoscience easy
Science and pseudoscience easy
Science and pseudoscience easy
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It is often difficult to distinguish between Pseudoscience and Science. Pseudoscience attempts to replicate scientific practices, but when closely observed there are numerous qualities that indicate that they are not entirely valid. We look at the distinction between true science and pseudoscience by investigating Suzy Miller’s work treating Autistic individuals.
Scientific approaches involve the designing, performing and reviewing of all experiments surrounding natural phenomena. Scientific approaches are always transparent, controlled, and replicable with strong evidence to support all claims. However, pseudoscience, involves principles and claims that pretend to be sciences, using a range of tactics to appear convincing, for example the
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This supposed scientific model is targeted towards families with autistic children, however there is no further information or transparency explaining how the method works. Exaggerated and ambiguous language is littered throughout the open-ended introduction page, using quotations such as “beyond our experience of different”, “energetic sensitivities” and “in their physical bodies while attempting to maintain the truth of who they are” (Suzy Miller, 2011). Not only is the terminology confusing, but also makes it highly difficult to interpret the process of this ‘new …show more content…
In-depth scientific understanding is infrequent among society and thus makes it difficult for individuals to determine what is genuine. The misappropriation of scientific terminology throughout the website is employed to heighten the genuineness of her ‘new science’. ‘Scientifically validated’ is an example of phrasing she uses to manipulate the audience. However scientifically validated is defined as information that is acquired from observing, experimenting, recording and analysis by scientists (Kim Ann Zimmerman, 2012). There is no hard evidence on the webpage demonstrating the scientific process of the method of ‘Awesomsim’, rather just tributes to success from ‘dozens of parents’ suggesting the methodology
There are many companies and individuals that make pseudoscientific claims. A pseudoscientific claim is when a company or individual makes a claim, belief, or practice and presents it as scientific, but which does not adhere to the scientific method. A good example of a pseudoscientific claim is when a company states that taking their product results in rapid weight loss or rapid muscle gain.
1. Video “Here Be Dragons” by Brian Dunning (4/15/14) is a fresh and critical overlook on the huge variety of so called “dragons” which exist in abundance even in our civilized society. This video promotes critical thinking and demonstrates the “red flags” that one has to look out for in order to detect pseudosciences. A pseudoscience is an idea that claims to be real but is not backed by any real science or evidence. For instance, hair analysis, feng shui, psychokinesis, homeopathy, numerology, aura analysis, the list could go on forever. The warning signs for such “sciences” are - appeal to authority, ancient wisdom, confirmation bias, confuse correlation with causation, red herring, proof by verbosity, mystical energy, suppression by authority, all natural and ideological support. The one “red flag” I have always been skeptical about and this video confirmed it for me is “appeal to authority”. It is hard for me to understand how people actually trust advertisements that are simply screaming “we are specialists, look at our white lab coats and and all the certificates and the celebrities that support our product”. It is simply pathetic. As Brian says - “Good science presents good data, it does not aim to impress”. However, the one “red flag” that I have to be careful about myself is confusing correlation with causation. It is the natural human tendency to assume that, if two events or phenomena consistently occur at about the same time, then one is the cause of the other. Our weakness for this tactic is often exploited by scammers and bogus scientists when they want to persuade us that a relationship exists between two variables without providing supporting evidence. In order to secure ourselves from falling for all the nonsense...
Ramachandran, Vilayanur S., and Lindsay S. Oberman. "Broken Mirrors: A Theory of Autism." Scientific American Journal. (2006): 62-69. Web. 29 Nov. 2013.
Science on the other hand takes a testable hypothesis and is tested in controlled experiments with something measurable and or recordable. You can repeat the test to get the exact same results, whereas in pseudoscience, tests would never be the same.
Autism is a developmental disorder that appears within the first three years of a child’s life. It affects the brain's normal development of social and communication skills. Autism affects 1 out of 68 children. It is also the fastest growing disability in the United States. There are multiple types of Autism, some children are considered high functioning, and some are low functioning. “High functioning” is when a child with autism can function in life, and completes jobs, and chores with little to no help. “Low functioning” is when a child with autism cannot complete simple daily tasks without help, and (or) constant supervision.
Rowe, Peter. “Delving into the Mystery of Autism.” San Diego Union-Tribune 16 October 2001. 9 December 2001
Stephen M. Edelson, Ph.D. . Center for the Study of Autism. Web. 23 October 2011.
4)Overview of Autism by Stephen Edelson, Ph. D., at the Center for the Study of Autism
7) Considerations of Individuality in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Autism, , web paper by Lacey Tucker.
First off, autism is not a form of mental retardation despite what the general public may have you believe. In actuality, autism, which was first described by Kanner (1943) in his study of 11 children with “autistic disturbances of affective contact” (US: American Psychological Ass...
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that effects the brains development. It is characterized by affecting communication, cognition and social interaction. The spectrum of the disorders ranges from a mild condition called Asperger’s syndrome to a more severe form, which severely impairer’s development. The Office of Communications and Public Liaison states that the disorder affects one and eighty-eight children, however ASD effects boys more frequently than girls (Office of Communications and Public Liaison, 2013). ASD emerges in all age, ethnic and socioeconomic groups. The significant varied character and severity of the disorder is why ASD is considered a spectrum that poses a broad range of symptoms.
3. Mesibov, G., Lynn, A. and Klinger, L. 1997. Autism; Understanding the Disorder. New York: Plenum Press
Temple Grandin, a doctor in the field of animal sciences who suffers from Autism, once said, “People are always looking for that single magic bullet that will totally change everything. There is no single magic bullet.” Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a general term for a group of complex disorders of brain development. The Autism Spectrum can be split into many subtypes, including Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, Asperger’s Syndrome, and Pervasive Development Disorder- Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). Starting from an age as young as infancy, symptoms of Autism may be conveyed. Repetitive behavior, any loss of speech or social skills, and attachment to parents are three of the many symptoms expressed by children with Autism (“What is Autism?”). In order to improve theses symptoms, many types of treatments have been established. First are the Behavior and Communication Approaches, which include Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM), and different sorts of therapy. Other treatments include dietary approaches, medication, and Complimentary and Alternative treatments. Based on the developed treatments, the early intervention Behavior and Communication Approaches exhibit the most benefits to children diagnosed with autism.
Demarcation between science and non-science or pseudo science is particularly important in scientific education, as it determines, for almost every member of our society, what they will accept as true regarding science, particularly creationism and evolution. Having public ...
...e a big difference to a child's eventual ability to interact with a non-autistic world (www.autism-help.org).”