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An essay on the differences between formative assessment and summative assessment
An essay on the differences between formative assessment and summative assessment
An essay on the differences between formative assessment and summative assessment
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Assessment of and for learning. A good assessment practice is a key feature in order to achieve an effective teaching and learning practice. This section will consider the assessment issue from a theoretical and empirical perspective, having as the main objective to improve my future teaching. Traditionally, assessment has been thought to be something that happens after the learning process, something separate of the teaching process in time and purpose. (Graue, 1993). However, currently, approaches about assessment make the difference between Summative assessment or assessment of learning (AoL) and Formative assessment or assessment for learning (AfL), but this is not actually a new approach, as Ryle (1949) already talked about Knowing …show more content…
(1993) ‘Integrating theory and practice through instructional assessment’. Educational Assessment, 1(4). [Online] Available at: http://math.arizona.edu/~cemela/english/content/shortcourses/assessment/Day%25204%2520Reading.pdf (Accessed: 14 October 2015). Ryle, G. (1949) ‘Knowing how and knowing that’ in Ryle, G. The concept of Mind. Abingdon: Routledge pp16-20 Black, P. & Wiliam, D. (1998). ‘Assessment and classroom learning’. Assessment in Education. 5(1) [Online] Avalaible at: http://area.fc.ul.pt/artigos%20publicados%20internacionais/Assessment%20and%20classroom%20learning.doc Bloom, B.S. (1956) Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. New York: Longman. Bloom, B.S, Rehage Kenneth J., Anderson, Lorin W. (1994) Bloom’s taxonomy: A forty- year retrospective. Chicago:NSSE. Savage, J. & Fautley, M. (2008). Assessment for Learning and Teaching in Secondary Schools. Dawsonera [Online] Avalaible at: https://www.dawsonera.com/readonline/9781844458028 DfES (2002). “Government guide to Assessment for Learning”. pp. 19-39 Spendlove, D. (2009) Putting Assessment for Learning into Practice. Dawsonera. [Online] Avalaible at: https://www.dawsonera.com/readonline/9781441131669 Behaviours for …show more content…
Nevertheless, it wasn’t an appropriate approach to motivation, as pupils felt that there were a lot of activities to do, and they didn’t see the point on most of them. After reading McLean (2009), who highlight the activities transition as an important part to encourage good behaviour, I tried with the 10E group to divide activities in little chunks that later will be linked. It worked well and students started to see the point in the activities. When they started to understand why they did an activity, they felt more engaged and the outcomes that I could check in subsequent lessons were satisfactory. One of the problems that I had during my first two weeks was how to modulate my voice. Voice is a strong tool in a teacher, it can motivate and challenge pupils and it can give peace as well. In my last lessons before half term I starting using my voice in a better way to motivate students (as shown in my mentor feedback), as well as to praise and reinforce good behaviour (Hayes, 2007). Students participate more in activities when they feel some changes in the teacher’s voice, otherwise lesson turns
Stiggins, R. J. (2006, November/December). Assessment for learning: A key to motivation and achievement. Edge, 2, 3-19.
Assessment has been the greatest challenge in my development as a professional. My coursework as supported my growth in this area, especially in understanding the broad range of assessments used to support students’ growth and development. My courses have also supported my understanding of how ongoing observational assessment and standards-based measures can be used to inform instruction and support the cycle of observation, reflection and planning. Coursework
Assessments have always been a tool for teachers to assess mastery and for a long time it was just to provide a grade and enter it into the grade book or report card. Through resources in and out of the course, there has been a breath of new life into the research on how to use assessments. They take many forms and fall within the summative or formative assessment category. Sloan (2016) addresses how formative assessments has traditionally been used by teachers to modify instruction, but when we focus on a classroom that is learner-centered “it becomes assessment for learning as opposed to assessment of learning” (slide 4). The fact is, the students are the ones that should be and are the ones using the data we collect through assessments, since it is our way of providing feedback in order
Teachers use a range of formative assessment tools and teaching approaches to gather evidence for the purposes of: monitoring and measuring student learning; providing students with feedback; and providing feedback to inform teaching and modifying instructional strategies to enhance students’ knowledge and performance in mathematics (ACARA, 2015; DEECD, 2009; McMillan, 2011; Taylor-Cox, & Oberdorf, 2013). Regular use of formative assessment improves student learning as instruction can be adjusted based on students’ progress and teachers are able to modify instructions to cater to students’ individual needs (Black & Wiliam, 2010; Taylor-Cox, & Oberdorf, 2013). Various forms of informal and formal formative assessment methods are conducted as learning takes place, continuously through teacher observations, questioning through individual interactions, group discussions and open-ended tasks (McMillan,
Because the focus of this study is related to formative assessment, the researcher will spend more time on this. The term formative assessment is not used consistently in the literature (Bennett, 2011).There are some terms used interchangeably with formative assessment such as Classroom Evaluation (Crooks, 1988), Learning- Oriented Assessment (Pryor & Crossouard, 2008), Alternative Assessment (Berry, 2008), Assessment for Learning (Asghar, 2010) or Classroom-Based Assessment (Turner, 2012). A variety of definitions of the term ‘formative assessment’ have been proposed over the years by many researchers such as Black, Tunstall and Gipps, Black and William or Brown and so
Airasian, P. W., & Russell, M. K. (2008). Classroom assessment: Concepts and applications (6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
The assessment consisted of 20 questions, which were related to the concepts for years one to three from the Australian Curriculum links. Included were questions involving number, algebra, measurement, geometry, statistics and probability (ACARA, 2016). This assessment allowed me to reflect helping me to prepare myself for when I am an educator allowing me to reflect on different areas, which may need
The term Taxonomy refers to the classification of a subject using a hierarchical structure. Blooms taxonomy is a form of this system, designed and published by Benjamin Bloom in 1956. Bloom’s ideology follows the main principle of standard taxonomy using it to refer to the different levels of learning. These levels are known as ‘domains’ which are the different series
There is so much research out there on formative assessment. Unfortunately, there is not a great deal of empirical evidence that can directly such as the use of many suggest forms of formative assessment to gains on summative assessments (Dunn & Mulvenon, 2009).
In addition, assessment tests are offered to students by various options such as oral, real-life problems to be solved, portfolios and standard tests. Finally, there is a constant dialogue between the student and teacher to assess performance. Any student not meeting the standards is then provided the additional necessary
Assessment is an essential part in the classroom that focuses not only in a grade for a certain task or a final result. Thus, it is considered important to make clear the different views and concepts that assessment, self- assessment and self- grading carry out in the learning process. This brief review provides information about the key construct self- assessment and the cyclical
“Teachers help students use assessment as a window into their own growth and identify as learners so, they develop the power and agency necessary to take charge of their learning (Tomlinson, 2010). Summative assessments are a mirror to student thinking. Summative assessments help teachers and students see a trajectory of their learning. Teachers can use them to identify which students are ready for other tasks; and which students need more time to develop specific concepts. The assessment that we administered asked students to answer a series of questions using information from a graph. It also prompted them to create a graph using the results of survey for our field trip. This assessment combined constructed response questions with a meaningful task. “The paper and pencil multiple choice test is not the only way to assess learning. It is a limited way to gain insight into what some students know and are able to do”(Berliner, 2010, p.113).
Through assessment students and teachers are able to determine the level of mastery a student has achieved with standards taught. Both formative and summative assessment should be purposeful and targeted to gain the most accurate data to drive further instruction (Ainsworth, 2010). While this syllabus does a good job of identifying the need for both formal and informal assessments, the way in which this is communicated does not provide enough detail for understanding. Simply listing assessment types does not give any insight into how these assessments fit in the learning process of this course. While some of the assessments mentioned could be common assessments chosen by the school or district to gain insight into the effectiveness of instruction, the inclusion of authentic assessments is most beneficial to students and demonstrates learning in a context closer to that of a work environment (Rovai, 2004). Unfortunately, this particular course, according to this syllabus, relies heavily on quizzes and traditional tests and essays to form the bulk of assessment opportunities. While other activities, such as formative assessments, journaling and discussions are mentioned as possible avenues for scoring, they are given a very low percentage of the overall grade. This shows that they are not valued for their ability to show progression and mastery. If this is indeed the case, this puts the students as a
Stiggins, R., Arter, J., Chappuis, J., Chappuis, S., (2007). Classroom assessment for student learning: Doing it right -- using it well. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson.
For my homophones lesson in Mrs. Anderson’s class, I feel that I did a great job teaching the lesson and providing plenty of practice opportunities. I believe that the formative and summative assessments that I used throughout my lesson provided the information Mrs. Anderson and I hoped to get out of this small unit.