Alexamenos Graffito The Alexamenos Graffito or also known in other regions as the Blasphemous Graffito is a piece of early roman graffiti carved in the plaster on a room near the Palatine Hill in Rome. What makes this piece so interesting is that it has been rumoured to be the earliest surviving image of Jesus Christ. Not only is it a picture of the Christian prophet Jesus Christ, but also shows the crucifixion of Jesus Christ which is explained in the Gospels of the New Testament. The date on this piece is up to discussion for many researches but it is estimated to have been made in the 1st to the late 3rd century by a man using just his finger nails. The significance of the Alexamenos Graffito is the portrayal of early Christianity and how
The Greek wording on the graffiti reads something like "Alexamenos worships God.” The Graffito was apparently meant to mock a Christian man named Alexamenos. In the top right of the piece, it is what has been interpreted as the Cross of Tau, which is a form of the Christian cross symbol. On the cross is a human figure with a donkey head on the cross. Many speculators have came to the conclusion that the human, with the donkey on his head, in case was a representation of Jesus Christ who was crucified by the Romans in year 33. To the left of the image is a man who is to be represented as Alexamenos, a Roman guard, raising one hand to show worship to the Donkey Headed Jesus Christ. In the dead center of this graffiti piece is a caption in Greek which translates as “Alexamenos Worships his God.” The Alexamenos Graffito obviously mocks a Christian’s beliefs by basically saying that Christians worships an ass or a donkey headed man named Jesus
So, why did the Romans try their very hardest to stomp out Christians and continue to mock their God? Well lets see, The profit of the Christian religion, Jesus Christ, was just a ordinary criminal killed under Roman law, and these people who were considered Christians were worshipping him. The Romans were very strict of anything that went against their authority. Christians didn’t believe in sacrifice so they wouldn’t kill animals or anything. This was seen at that time as something that should be done to please the Roman Gods and was a benefit of everyone. Accacully, early Christians separated themselves from Romas and wouldn’t participation in a lot of Roman life. Also, many Romans believed that all religions were ancient, so a new religion was an idea that would be like blasphemy for a christian believer. Religion played a big part in roman
Christianity took hold on the ancient world because it was spread exceptionally fast. Missionary journeys were made every set of to three years and teach people Christianity (Document F). Roman judges held trials for reported Christians, and executed them because they admitted that they were Christian. The trials were held to execute Christians so the Roman religion would continue to flourish and so Christian citizens won’t be more powerful than the government (Documents F and G). This shows that Christianity was gaining a lot of members, really fast, in comparison to the government.
The piece was chosen primarily because of the magnificent presence that is felt as one enters the room, or cathedral, where the piece may be located. The viewer's eye is drawn immediately to the central figure of Saint Peter who was seated as pope at the time. Giving the main focus of the work to the pope is representative of the importance that was placed on the papal seat. This importance was exemplified, during the time of this altarpiece's creation, by the crisis of the Great Schism. Furthermore, a scene of Christ's crucifixion can be seen directly above the panel of Saint Peter further emphasizing the importance of Christ in the painting, and in the medieval time period as well. Overall, the piece depicts four images from the life of Saint Peter, which surround the center panel on the left and the right sides. In addition, scenes from the lives of the Virgin Mary and St. Blaise, a fourth century martyr, are also present. All the characters in the panels more or less have halos and therefore are holy figures. The twelve apostles line the bottom of the panels, perhaps suggesting that they were the foundation of the Catholic religion. Basically, the painting is designed for a church altar, it has religious figures in it, and it is filled with Bibles and images of Christ's crucifixion. All of this relays a strong message to the viewer that this is what is important in life; one should pay close attention to religion and have respect for it.
Rome went through major changes in its culture because of the start of the growing spread of Christianity. Early on Christianity was not the chief religion and around 64 AD Christians were actually punished and targeted by the ruler Nero. There was an order to kill any Christian, most were killed in very brutal ways. The Christians were killed because the ruler was in fear that the Roman Gods would be upset that they (all of the people) were not worshipping them (the gods) and they would punish the
The Early Christians had numerous different practices. Some of them sacrificed animals, others held mass, and some even died in order to go with God. This helped with the spread of Christianity because it allowed people to attend mass and be forgiven of their sins. It also showed how cruel the Romans were and that religious freedom was being taken away from them.
The rise of Christianity in Rome did not come easily. It came with much destruction and death. The spark of Christianity in Rome came from an appearance of Martyrs in Rome. Martyrs were people that were executed for going against the common beliefs of pagan (polytheistic) ways. (Tignor, 2011, p. 286) Because of these awful executions, Christianity is said to be based off of “the blood of martyrs.” One of their main ways of spreading Christianity was through the sharing of their writings and by 300 CE there was an exceptional amount of book production throughout Rome. (Tignor, 2011, p. 289) “Christianity operated as one among many minority religions in the Roman Empire, and on several occasions experienced widespread persecution, especially under the emperors Nero (r. 54–68), Decius (r. 249–251), and Diocletian (r. 284–305). However, the situation changed radically under the emperor Constantine (r. 306–337), who in 313 issued the Edict of Milan that made Christianity a legitimate religion in the empire.” (Melton, 2010, p. 634)
Christianity explicitly sought to connect the natural world and the supernatural world in the embodiment of Jesus. Since Jesus was the "son of G-d" in his incarnation on earth, the matter is not that the supernatural world is a part of mankind, but instead that mankind is a part of the supernatural. But, Jesus, being entirely divine in nature (as well as entirely human in nature) did not give into the same temptations as the Roman gods. Christianity stressed a connection between the world and G-d - since the Christian G-d is meant to be personal (the establishment of this personal bond would therefore be salvation). The Roman cults had no such concept - and so remained separate from humanity.
Between Pliny’s letter and Livy’s account it’s pretty easy to get the impression that Romans were fairly tolerant of many different religions up until they got in the way. The Christians were simply in the wrong place at the wrong time, and doing the wrong things. The Bacchanalians were converting elites with a religion that the Romans considered unsavory to say the least. Both the Christians and the Bacchanalians suffered horrendously at the hands of the Roman authorities, and it goes to show that they were only going to tolerate so much from either group before going out on a witch hunt for them.
A common topic of artwork throughout history has been the crucifixion of Christ. Since it is such a common topic, it makes it very easy to see how artwork changed and developed from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. The painting on the left, The Crucifixion by Pietro Lorenzetti, shows the usual characteristics of a painting from the Middle Ages. The facial expressions are not varied or very in depth, Jesus and the other saints have the typical halo that is used very often, and the colors are mostly all bright, making nothing in particular stand out. The second painting, on the right, is by Caravaggio and is titled The Flagellation of Christ. There is an obvious shift from one painting to the next. Caravaggio’s piece is much more realistic.
But really, the Romans were trying to prevent people from sharing the Christian beliefs. As part of the religion, Augustus insisted that everyone should view him as God. Augustus didn’t want people to have their own beliefs.
Examining the iconography in this sculpture, there are two details to note. The first is the grapes in the Virgin’s hand. The grapes represent
The Crucifixion artist is unknown. The time of the painting is circa 1170. In this painting it involved a main person of interest who is said to be Jesus Christ being crucified on a cross. There are two people on the side of him. The person on the left is said to be stabbing him with a lance while the person on the right is offering a sponge soaked in vinegar. The person on the far left is Mary and on the opposite side of her is Saint John and those two are said to be mourning Jesus’ death. The semi circles rights besides the arms of the cross are Life; the one on the left personified as a young woman and the right is death appearing as a demon. It isn’t certain what the bottom and the top of the painting represents, maybe heaven and hell?
In his Crucifixion, with the Virgin and Saint John the Evangelist Mourning (c.1460), a piece within the Northern Renaissance collection of the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Rogier van der Weyden portrays a stark image of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. The right panel of the diptych depicts the gruesome image of a crucified Christ. Weight pulls the emaciated body down into a Y-shape, contrasting the T-shape of the cross it is mounted on. The only movement comes from the loincloth wrapped around Christ’s waist that dances in the wind. Blood visibly trickles from the corpse’s wounds. Behind the body, a red cloth is draped down the grey wall. At the base of the cross sits a skull and bone. The left panel portrays the Virgin Mary swooning in despair as Saint John attempts to support her weight. Her hands are clasped in prayer as she gazes up at her lifeless son. Both figures are clothed in pale draping robes. The vibrant red of the cloth that hangs from the grey wall in the background contrasts the subdued colors of the
Christianity, originally, was thought of as an outsider religion, and wasn’t accepted by most Romans. The Romans could learn to live with other religions, but not when they were harmful to public order. At one point, Romans viewed it to be just that. Christians tended ...
The Metropolitan. (2014). The Crucifixion Fra Angelico (Guido di Pietro) (Italian, Vicchio di Mugello ca. 1395–1455 Rome). In THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART. Retrieved January 21, 2014, from http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/437007.
Whether or not we notice it, Art is always around. It can come in the form of a beautiful painting in the Smithsonian Museum, a sculpture by Michelangelo, or as graffiti on the wall. Whatever the form, art is always present. Additionally, art is not new; for as long as there have been people, there has been art. Though rare, early Christian art manages to express, in picture form, a story from the bible. One piece, which was actual a mural painted in the fourth century, on walls of the mausoleum of Galla Placidia in Raveena, Italy, depicts Christ teaching his apostles. Just a few miles away in a Vatican City museum is a statue from the third century which also depicts Christ as the Good Shepherd.