Predator and prey interactions play a huge role in the ecosystem. Introducing prey to predication can alter prey behaviors. The prey have developed mechanisms and traits that allow them to better survive when faced with predators. When predators are present in an environment, they give off chemical or acoustic cues that their prey sense. By analyzing this communication, prey then are able to alter their behavior so they are less likely to be consumed by their predators. When Crabs detect and interpret their predators’ communication cues, they are able to determine predator characteristics like threat and size (Hill and Weissburg 2013). Crabs then alter their anti-predatory and foraging behavior in respect to the information they are able to …show more content…
Mud Crabs use chemical communication cues to judge predator threats. By analyzing the qualitative and quantitative properties of the chemical cues given off by predicators, crabs are able to determine certain characteristics about their predators that will help them assess the levels of threat associated with that particular predator. Qualitative chemical cues allows crabs to tell the difference between different predators and also distinguish between different predator diets. Hill and Wissburg’s (2014) experiment showed Mud Crabs were less prominent on reefs where Blue Crabs ate a diet consisting mostly of Mud Crabs rather than reefs where Blue Crabs fed on oysters instead. Quantitative differences in chemical cues allow prey to determine the intensity of predator threat. Predator threat can be determined by crabs through chemosensory cues. Crabs use chemical communication to detect the concentrations of chemical cues given off by predators through quantitative analysis. High concentrations may indicate predators are close so crabs take cover. Also, concentrations allow prey to distinguish between predator sizes. Higher concentration of chemical cues is given off by larger predators who eat more prey while smaller predators give off lower …show more content…
Often when crabs are injured they emit chemical cues to their surroundings that let other crabs know of a threat and also in search of help from other members of their species (Hill and Weissburg 2013). These conspecifics allow crabs to sense threat in an environment when they process the chemical cues the injured crabs give off. The crabs then respond accordingly to these cues whether it be the retreat to shelter or the answer what may be called a stress call, given off with the eminence of chemical cues by conspecifics (Hill and Weissburg
“Taxonomically speaking, a lobster is a marine crustacean of the family Homaridae, characterized by five pairs of jointed legs, the first pair terminating in large pincerish claws used for subduing prey…. Moreover, a crustacean is an aquatic arthropod of the class Crustacea, which comprises of crabs, shrimp, barnacles, lobsters, and freshwater crayfish” (Wallace, 55). This is an example of Logos since the author uses scientific facts to convey the message he wants to communicate in an objective way. Wallace also uses logos as a persuasive device by presenting facts on the science of the lobster’s neurological system and its ability to feel pain. The Maine Lobster Promotion Council states “The nervous system of a lobster is very simple, and is in fact most similar to the nervous system of a grasshopper. It is decentralized with no brain. There is no cerebral cortex, which in humans is the area of the brain that gives the experience of pain”. Wallace counter-argues this statement by mentioning the fact that since lobsters have a simpler nervous system compared to humans, they are unable to produce their own natural opiates. “One can conclude that lobsters are maybe even more vulnerable to pain, since they lack mammalian nervous systems’ built-in analgesia, or, instead, that the absence of natural opioids implies an absence of the really intense
Cephalopods are known to be exceptionally intelligent by invertebrate standards and in some respects even rival “higher” vertebrates. These animals have many highly evolved sensory and processing organs that allow them to gain a greater understanding of their environment and their place within it. Due to their advanced structures, many of which are analogous to vertebrate structures, and abilities they have been widely studied. Their methods of learning have been of prime interest and many experiments have been conducted to determine the different ways in which octopuses can learn. From these experiments four main kinds of learning have been identified in octopuses: associative learning, special learning,
The purpose of this lab was to study the response of the genus Daphnia to chemical stimuli and to examine human responses to different stimuli. A stimulus is an incentive; it is the cause of a physical response. Stimuli can have a physical or chemical change; an example of a physical change is a change in temperature and sound. An example of chemical change would be changes in hormone levels and pH levels. Muscular activity or glandular secretions are responses that occurs when stimulus information effects the nervous and/or hormone system. Daphnia is a genus; it is a small crustacean that lives in fresh water. The body of the daphnia is visible and its internal organs are clearly seen thus it was chosen for this exercise. The
P6: ‘The animals behaviour and natural instinct changes in a marine park compared to in its natural habitat’ (para 3).
If someone is a native of Maryland, they know exactly what one is talking about when the Maryland Blue Crab is brought up into a discussion. In 1989, the Maryland Blue Crab, scientifically known as the Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, was designated the State Crustacean (Blue Crab, Maryland State Crustacean). This crab is not only a key component on the ecological system of the Chesapeake Bay, but also a key economical component of commercial fisheries; although not endangered, the issue of maintaining the population of the species is critical to the Chesapeake Bay and also its inhabitants.
Introduction Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) are marine mammals capable of spending their entire lives in water. Being carnivorous in nature, they feed on sea urchins, crabs, fishes, mussels and clams. They are referred to as keystone species due to their profound impact on marine ecology. The interaction between sea otters, sea urchins and kelp forests has been studied as a model for the impact of predator-prey interactions on community ecology. Sea otters are keystone predators, whose presence has a far-reaching influence on the marine food web by affecting the populations of sea urchins, which indirectly affects the populations of kelp forests & other marine organisms.
Predation could limit the prey distribution and decrease abundance. Such limitation may be desirable in the case of pest species, or undesirable to some individuals as with game animals or endangered species. Predation may also act as a major selective force. The effects of predator prey coevolution can explain many evolutionary adaptations in both predator and prey species. The effects of wolf predation on species of large ungulates have proven to be controversial and elusive.
The blue crab plays an important role in the marine food web, providing prey for many species and a predator on other species. The blue crab is a highly prized commodity for consumers.   ; Eight species of Callinectes have been documented in the Gulf of Mexico: C. bocourti, C. danae, C. ornatus, C. exasperatus, C. marginatus, C. similis and C. rathbunae, and Callinectes The original range of the blue crab is from Nova Scotia and throughout the Gulf of Mexico to northern Argentina.
...his builds a relationship between the two causing the predator to consume its meat without looking away (Pollan 307). This causes that person to no want to know what they are eating because people are used to not knowing what they are eating.
“To His Excellency General Washington,” by Phillis Wheatley, is a poem about America’s destiny for freedom and its resolution to fight for liberty. Wheatley addresses this poem to General George Washington during the American Revolutionary War. Throughout the poem, Wheatley depicts America as a self-reliant, heaven-favored nation. For example, a divine goddess leads the country in a fight for peace and liberty. The poem correlates America’s army to that of the powerful Greek wind god, Eolus. Wheatley instructs Washington to continue forward, to “Proceed” in the cause for independence (Line 39). She announces that even other countries watch, eager to see America succeed in its quest for liberty. Phillis Wheatley conveys America as an exemplary, independent country that deserves freedom through the use of personification, symbolism, similes, and diction.
Communication is used throughout every primate and animal and it includes any behaviors, scents, and autonomic responses. Communication is used to indicate submission, reassurance, or amicable intentions. Vocalizations are used as a form of communication to inform others of predator or food presence. Social living would not be possible without communication.
The mean predation rate for camouflage prey (11.45± 7.21) was 8.6 prey/ min slower than non-camouflage prey (20.13± 10.40) (Table 1). The mean camouflage content of the camouflage-covered prey was 8.68 ± 5.47 prey/min less than for prey not able to camouflage. The median predation rate for camouflage prey (9.83 prey/min) was lower than for non-camouflage prey (18.47 prey/min) (Figure
Wallace then goes on to point to the evidence that lobsters exhibit pain behavior; therefore, showing that lobsters experience suffering. In particular, Wallace illustrates the behavior that lobsters display during the age old cooking method of boiling. Asserting that even the most “stuporous” lobster “tends to come alarmingly to live when placed in boiling water” (467-2). Wallace compares the physical resistance that lobsters show when being put into a boiling pot, to the same actions a human would take to avoid a painful experience: “[T]he lobster will sometimes try to cling to the container’s sides or even to hook it’s claws over the metal rim like a person trying to keep from going over the edge of a roof” (469-2). Wallace emphasizes
To start off, the horseshoe crab lived 200 million years before dinosaurs. What’s astounding is that while dinosaurs have become extinct, the horseshoe crab is still alive and well today (Horseshoe Crab:Saint Louis Zoo). Next is that it might not seem like it, but this critter is actually a predator. The crab likes to feed on things such as small clams, crustaceans, worms, algae, and other animals (Steel). Furthermore this animal is also known as the king crab. Finally the male horseshoe crab is actually shorter than the female the crab. The male is about 14-15 inches long from head to tail, while the female is measures in to be 18-19 inches long (Horseshoe Crab
People today use hunting as a sport. Of course, not everyone agrees with hunting, but those who like to hunt justify their actions by saying that they are helping with the overpopulation of animals, like deer. The truth is that we are affecting the population of animals. Animal overpopulation can be due to the loss of an animal’s natural predator. Predators are extremely important in an ecosystem, and they are nature’s way of controlling the animal population. In William Stolzenburg’s book, Where the Wild Things Were: Life, Death, and Ecological Wreckage in a Land of Vanishing Predators, he addresses the importance of predators in an ecosystem. He discusses an experiment done by a zoologist named Robert T. Paine. Paine decided to do an experiment to see what happens when one disrupts an ecosystem. He conducted his experiment on rocks along the shore in which a species of starfish was the top predator. Paine’s experiment consisted of grabbing the starfish off the rocks and throwing them into the ocean. His results showed that one single species has a tremendous effect on its ecosystem. After getting rid of the top predator, about half of the species that