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There are little to no direct accounts of how individuals’ lives were a couple thousand years ago in Ancient China. With a wealth of information on the rise, decline, and fall of empires, Michael Loewe, a sinologist who specializes in oriental studies and theology, writes an imaginary story about a hero named Bing set around 70 BCE. Bing: From Farmer’s Son to Magistrate in Han China is Loewe’s fictional portrait of life during the Han Empire. It is by no means a comprehensive historical account of Han times, in fact, it was written with those readers who are not familiar with Chinese in mind, however through the life of Bing we can gage how the lives of laborers, those involved in military service, merchants, and government officials might …show more content…
We learn that Bing is his parents’ third child, and as such he was named after the third Heavenly Stem, 丙 Bing. The Heavenly Stems was part of a basic principle of classical Chinese cosmography, and was utilized as part of divination practices of the Shang emperors. The Chinese believed that “Heaven is round, Earth is square” -- an old, but common, metaphor for heaven and earth was “the shells of a turtle; heaven covers earth as the round carapace covers the ‘square’ plastron.” This implies that the beliefs of the Shang have influenced Han thought. The downfall in this noteworthy epiphane during my reading is that Loewe completely glazed over this correlation, which is one of the disadvantages of historical fiction. Even so, Loewe presents other valuable historical …show more content…
Loewe also paints an idea of what life on a farm may have been like during the Han. Not only did farmers have to measure everything, “down to the fraction of the last bushel of the crop”, should they have not done so they would have been punished by officials from the district, or superiors of the county. In one of Bing’s early memories, our protagonist recalls his father inspecting their bountiful harvest on one late afternoon in the summer, and going on a journey of several days away in order to sell their fruits and vegetables for extra money. Bing’s memories illustrate the traditions of, and laborious and tedious dedication many ordinary people in Han society
In Document 1,2, 3, and 4 the Han dynasty is shown making things and inventing things for their citizens to use. During this time period the Han dynasty was described as the Golden Age in China. Confucianism gave a new way to life. The Historical context is that during this time period when the Yellow river flooded the crops and trade would be put to a stop.
Han China was an empire that expanded over a vast territory and Classical Athens was only a small city-state. Inevitable, there were differences in all aspects of life. The documents provided plenty of information on demographics, government structures, individual roles and duties of a citizen, an view on physical life. Overall, the 64 million differences in population, the democracy that arose in Athens, the importance of a father-son relationship in Han China, and the interests in nature by the Hans were the key facts in the two’s differences.
Edward L. Dreyer. Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405-1433.
Shortly after, Tzi-hsi was forced to give up her regency and retired to a summer palace, but she soon resumed rule over China. From that moment on until her death in 1908 she ruled China, instilling new policies and reforms into Chinese culture. There have been many assertions and assumptions about Tzi-hsi’s policies and their value to the history of China and her popularity among Chinese citizens (her tomb was raided and destroyed). Regardless of these opinio...
Cao Xueqin’s Story of the Stone is a classic in Chinese literature, showcasing the life and exploits of the wealthy Jia clan during the feudal era. Through Cao’s depiction, the reader is afforded a glimpse into the customs and lifestyle of the time. Chinese mode of thought is depicted as it occurs in daily life, with the coexisting beliefs of Confucianism and Taoism. While the positive aspects of both ideologies are presented, Cao ultimately depicts Taoism as the paramount, essential system of belief that guides the character Bao-yu to his eventual enlightenment. As was the case in China, Cao depicts the two forms of belief existing alongside one another, and not necessarily practiced exclusively to one another.
The second part of the journey visits, ancient China in 1500 BCE, a thousand years prior to the formation of the Daoism school of thought. (Brodd, Little and Ny...
St. André, James. "Démons Et Merveilles Dans La Littérature Chinoise Des Six Dynasties: Le Fantastique Et L'anecdotique Dans Le Soushen Ji De Gan Bao. By Rémi Mathieu. Pp. 163. Paris, Editions You-Feng, 2000." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 11.02 (2001): n. pag. Print.
China has seen many changes throughout the course of their development, yet one aspect about their culture has tended to see continuity over the centuries. The practice of ancestor veneration has been present for thousands of years in Chinese culture. Looking at this single theme from China in 1600 compared to earlier periods, it is not hard to see that China has seen great continuity when it comes to honoring their ancestors. Religion, politics, and the economics of China may have changed over the years, but ancestor veneration has persisted and has even been shaped by these aspects.
What these documents truly show, however, is not so much the differing views of the Han and Romans toward technology, but rather their differing views toward commoners, toward the poor, and unfortunate in their kingdom. The Han documents show glimpses of compassion; the Romans show naught but cold indifference, which begs the question, “Was it truly the “Glorious Roman Empire”?
China is a country that has traditionally had a clearly defined social hierarchy. The teachings of Confucius, the famous Chinese philosopher, embodied the Chinese social structure. He thought set roles and rank were vital for a society to function harmoniously. If an individual tried to deviate from their prescribed role, the country’s social order would be threatened. For centuries, China has had a citizenship comprised of 80% to 90% farmers, a small amount of specialized craftsmen, and a few elite families that controlled and drove society. Through the generations, the strictly defined roles of Confucius have died away, but his ideas of hierarchy are still ingrained in the Chinese way of thinking.
Graham, Hutchings. Modern China; A Guide to a Century of Change. Cambridge: Harvard University Press,2001
The way the Chinese have conceived of their past - and thus of themselves - was profoundly shaped by a book written in Han times, the Historical Records (Shiji) of Sima Qian. Before Sima Qian was able to complete his history, he made the political mistake of defending a general who had surrendered to the Xiongnu. Given the choice between death and becoming a palace eunuch, he chose the humiliation of castration and servitude rather than leave his history unfinished. He wrote to a friend that he had chosen to live in disgrace "because I have things in my heart that I have not been able to express full." (Cambridge Illustrated, Pg. 67) Qian lived a life marked by devoted piety, rightness, and dedication to a cause; however, he still felt worthless. In a letter to his friend, Jen An, he explains why he is unable to recommend anybody to the imperial service. Sima Qian did not requite his offense by suicide, as would have been appropriate, customary, and in most ways honorable. Instead, driven as he was to complete his private project of writing a comprehensive, universal history, he accepted the alternative punishment of castration. Sima Qian tells us this quite clearly in a letter to his friend Jen An, one of the most moving and poignant of Chinese writings ever: "If I concealed my feelings and clung to life, burying myself in filth without protest, it was because I could not bear to leave unfinished my deeply cherished project, because I rejected the idea of dying without leaving to posterity my literary work." Sima Qian cites many examples of famous historical figures who, in their time of crisis, wrote books that ultimately brought them their due recognition by posterity. At base Sima Qian wished to embed his personal philosophy i...
During the Qing-era, the Chinese population grew from 130 million to 450 million. Peasants in the Qing-era accounted for roughly 80-90% of China’s population. With that, and China being as large as it is, peasants who lived in the northern region of China lived a slightly different lifestyle than those who lived in the southern
The Zhou Dynasty rose to power in China in 1050 B.C.E. and was the longest ruling dynasty in its history. Though the Zhou Dynasty was never a wholly unified realm, it did manage to implement a single form of government throughout China. This can best be described as a decentralized feudal system run by relatives (to the king) and trusted vassals. Aristocracy and patrilineal family ties were important during the Zhou dynasty. Much of what is known about daily life during the Zhou dynasty was found in the Book of Songs-it offers a glimpse into daily life for people of various social standings. The rise to power of the Zhou Dynasty brought with it massive changes to both the government of China and its inhabitants’ way of life.
“China.” WorldMark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life. Ed. Timothy L. Gall. Vol. 4. Eastword. 1998. Print.