Sugar Cane: Past and Present
Sugar cane is composed of six species of perennial grasses of the genus Saccharum L., in tribe Andropogoneae of the Gramineae. There are two wild species, S. spontaneum L. and S. robustum Brandes & Jeswiet ex Grassl, and 4 cultivated species, S. officinarum L., S. barberi Jeswiet, S. sinense Roxb., and S. edule Hassk. (Purseglove 1979). The four cultivated species are complicated hybrids, and all intercross readily. All commercial canes grown today are inter-specific hybrids (Wrigley 1982).
DISTRIBUTION
Sugar cane is believed to have originated in the South Pacific. S. spontaneum occurs in the wild from eastern and northern Africa, through the Middle East, to India, China, Taiwan, and Malaysia, and through the Pacific to New Guinea. The center of origin is probably in northern India where forms with the smallest chromosome numbers occur. S. robustum is found along river banks in New Guinea and some of its adjacent islands and is indigenous to the area. S. officinarum (or noble cane) most likely originated in New Guinea. This cane is only suited for tropical regions with favorable climate and soil. S. barberi probably originated in India. S. sinense occurs in portions of India, Indo-china, southern China and Taiwan. S. edule is thought to be a sterile form of S. robustum and is found only in New Guinea and nearby islands (Purseglove 1979).
Cane sugar is currently grown primarily in tropical regions. The highest latitudes at which cane is grown is in Natal, Argentina and at the southern extremes of the Australian industry (approximately 30 degrees S), and at 34 degrees N in northwest Pakistan, and 37 degrees N in southern Spain (Jenkins 1966).
HISTORICAL RECORD
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Hagelberg, G.B. 1985. Sugar in the Caribbean: turning sunshine into money. The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, D.C. 42 pp.
Heiser, C.B. 1981. Seed to civilization: the story of food. Second ed. W.H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco. 254 pp.
Jenkins, G.H. 1966. Introduction to cane sugar technology. Elsevier Publishing Co., New York. 478 pp.
McIlroy, R.J. 1963. An introduction to tropical cash crops. Ibadan University Press, Nigeria. 163 pp.
Paturau, J.M. 1982. By-products of the cane sugar industry. Second ed. Elsevier scientific Publishing Co., New York. 366 pp.
Purseglove, J.W. 1979. Tropical crops: monocotyledons. Longman Group Ltd., London. 607 pp.
Wrigley, G. 1982. Tropical agriculture: the development of production. Fourth ed. Longman Inc., New York. 496 pp.
In the first chapter of the book the author discusses a brief world history and evolution of rice crops. It is interesting to see that even though parts of Africa had their own rice crop variety, the globalization of rice crop Oryza Sativa has been slowly replacing the African variety. The author also starts
In document 7a, it tells when sugar got attention worldwide rich people started moving to the West Indies to grow because everyone wanted sugar and sugar makes you a lot of money. The more you consume sugar, the more you will start to
Imagine if your best friend or someone close to you suddenly dies of a fatal disease. The death of this person would physically and mentally inflict trauma. All though the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield is a grieving seventeen year old because he endures a traumatic experience at the age of 13. His 11 year old brother, Allie, dies of leukemia, and this affects Holden throughout the novel. It causes him to yearn for his innocence and childhood back because he wants to return to the stage in his life when there are no worries. He realizes that it is not realistic to become a child again, and he begins to accept the fact that he must grow up and set an example for his sister, Phoebe. Growing up with the loss of a close brother, Holden wants to be a protector of all innocence, and later in the novel, he begins to notice he must find a solution to his traumatic experiences in order to become successful in his lifetime.
The Vietnam War was America’s longest war, lasting about 8 years, the number of deaths in the war were one of the highest compared to the number of deaths in previous wars.
The intriguing concept of supply and demand in the Louisiana sugar cane industry would be described as resilience. Louisiana’s sugar industry dates back to the turn of the 18th century. How can such a bountiful crop have such a stagnant return? One example of resilience is the sugar factory M.A. Patout and sons. This is the oldest and largest sugar factory in Louisiana that is still family owned and operated. The factory was originally founded in 1825 as a wine vineyard, being later converted to a sugar plantation due to south Louisiana’s subtropical climate. It has seen the rise and fall of sugar prices that have plagued area mills and farmers, forcing many out of business.
Sugar in its many forms is as old as the Earth itself. It is a sweet tasting thing for which humans have a natural desire. However there is more to sugar than its sweet taste, rather cane sugar has been shown historically to have generated a complex process of cultural change altering the lives of all those it has touched, both the people who grew the commodity and those for whom it was grown. Suprisingly, for something so desireable knowledge of sugar cane spread vey slow. First found in Guinea and first farmed in India (sources vary on this), knowledge of it would only arrive in Europe thousands of years later. However, there is more to the history of sugar cane than a simple story of how something was adopted piecemeal into various cultures. Rather the history of sugar, with regards to this question, really only takes off with its introduction to Europe. First exposed to the delights of sugar cane during the crusades, Europeans quickly acquired a taste for this sweet substance. This essay is really a legacy of that introduction, as it is this event which foreshadowed the sugar related explosion of trade in slaves. Indeed Henry Hobhouse in `Seeds of Change' goes so far as to say that "Sugar was the first dependance upon which led Europeans to establish tropical mono cultures to satisfy their own addiction." I wish, then, to show the repurcussions of sugar's introduction into Europe and consequently into the New World, and outline especially that parallel between the suga...
Holden’s inabilities to sustain a normal life, according to the standards of people in modern times, led to him contemplate his life and the emotional damage he suffered from. His parents were preoccupied with their lifestyle and keeping up with appearances to really teach him good values. Due to the complex childhood that he experienced Holden found himself unable to connect to anyone other than his brother Allie, who suddenly passes during his childhood. After Allie dies Holden goes through a period of psychological dysfunction where he loses sense of not only his life, but hi...
Sugar was first grown in New Guinea around 9000 years ago, which New guinea traders trade cane stalks to different parts of the world. In the New world christopher columbus introduced cane sugar to caribbean islands. At first sugar was unknown in Europe but was changed when sugar trade first began. Sugar trade was driven by the factors of production land which provided all natural resources labor what provided human resources for work and capital which includes all the factories and the money that’s used to buy land. Consumer demand was why sugar trade continued to increase.
Despite the federal aid granted to sugar growers, not all sectors of agriculture devoted to growing sugar derivatives flourished. Domestic production of sugar cane increased steadily from 1982 onward, while sugar beet production stagnated (Knutson, 1985). Through time, the largest number of sugar beet farmers were concentrated in a specific West/Midwest region of the U.S. (Minnesota, North Dakota, Idaho) while sugar cane farmers were found in the Southeast, specifically Louisiana and Florida.
The production of sap by the tree, syrup by man, and sugar by refining is long and meticulous. The characteristics of syrup are detailed, and the object of makers is to produce a rich product, while nurturing regularly to obtain a perfect consistency.
Kamara, Mariatu and Susan McClelland. The Bite of the Mango. New York: Annick Press Ltd., 2008. Print.
Sugarcane is an important industrial crop for the tropical and subtropical region of the world. It is produced in more than 100 countries, with global production of 174 million tonnes sugar. It accounts for about 80 percent and sugarbeet for about 20 percent of total sugar produced (FAOSTAT, 2008). In 2010, 1,682 million metric tonnes (MT) of sugarcane were produced worldwide in a total area of 23.8 million hectares (ha). Brazil is the largest sugarcane producer, contributing with 40% of the world production (719 MT) followed by India (278 MT), China (111 MT), Thailand (68 MT), Pakistan (50 MT), Colombia (38.5 MT), Australia (31 MT), Argentina (30 MT), United States (27.5 MT), Indonesia (26.5 MT) and the Philippines (23 MT) (FAOSTAT, 2011). India rank second among the sugarcane growing countries of the world in both area and production. Globally it is cultivated over an area of 20.1 million hectare, with annual production of 1381.1 million tonnes and productivity of 65.5 tonnes per ha. In India sugarcane is cultivated over an area of 4.36 million ha, with an annual production of 281.8 million tonnes and productivity 64.6 tonnes per ha. Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamilnadu and Andhra Pradesh are the important sugarcane
Nierenberg, Danielle. "Factory farming in the developing world: In some critical respects, this is not progress at all." World Watch 1 May 2003: n. pag. eLibrary. Web. 3 Dec. 2013. .
To conclude, the Vietnam War impacted the United States of America and Vietnam after the war. It changed the political arena, society, and foreign relations. This shows how the Vietnam War was a war that played a major part in the development of United States and the Vietnam War. To sum up, if it weren’t for the Vietnam War many of the world’s issues today would not be here, such as the issues with Russia.
This is made by pressing sugar cane stalks to extract the plant's sugary juice, and then allowing the resultant liquid to crystallize. The sugar crystals are ground and sold. This ancient procedure produces the only real powdered sugar that the world has ever known. The powder is a beige color in its natural and organic form. The crystals of real cane juice should always be purchased instead of the brilliantly white "cane sugar", which is commonly known as "table sugar". Evaporated cane juice is our top recommendation for anyone needing a powdered sugar, and we confidently use it ourselves. The only ingredient listed should be "evaporated cane juice". If a product's label has any deviations from this, then you may know that its producer is dishonest, because it is not truly sugar anymore. Be cautious to never confuse evaporated cane juice with "pure" cane juice, or any of the other word combinations that